diff --git a/src/ecdsa.js b/src/ecdsa.js
index c88add3..549eedb 100644
--- a/src/ecdsa.js
+++ b/src/ecdsa.js
@@ -75,25 +75,21 @@ function deterministicGenerateK (curve, hash, d, checkSig) {
 }
 
 function sign (curve, hash, d) {
-  var r, s
-
   var e = BigInteger.fromBuffer(hash)
   var n = curve.n
   var G = curve.G
 
+  var r, s
   deterministicGenerateK(curve, hash, d, function (k) {
     var Q = G.multiply(k)
 
-    if (curve.isInfinity(Q))
-      return false
+    if (curve.isInfinity(Q)) return false
 
     r = Q.affineX.mod(n)
-    if (r.signum() === 0)
-      return false
+    if (r.signum() === 0) return false
 
     s = k.modInverse(n).multiply(e.add(d.multiply(r))).mod(n)
-    if (s.signum() === 0)
-      return false
+    if (s.signum() === 0) return false
 
     return true
   })
@@ -108,7 +104,7 @@ function sign (curve, hash, d) {
   return new ECSignature(r, s)
 }
 
-function verifyRaw (curve, e, signature, Q) {
+function verify (curve, hash, signature, Q) {
   var n = curve.n
   var G = curve.G
 
@@ -119,31 +115,33 @@ function verifyRaw (curve, e, signature, Q) {
   if (r.signum() <= 0 || r.compareTo(n) >= 0) return false
   if (s.signum() <= 0 || s.compareTo(n) >= 0) return false
 
-  // c = s^-1 mod n
-  var c = s.modInverse(n)
+  // 1.4.2 H = Hash(M), already done by the user
+  // 1.4.3 e = H
+  var e = BigInteger.fromBuffer(hash)
+
+  // Compute s^-1
+  var sInv = s.modInverse(n)
 
   // 1.4.4 Compute u1 = es^−1 mod n
   //               u2 = rs^−1 mod n
-  var u1 = e.multiply(c).mod(n)
-  var u2 = r.multiply(c).mod(n)
+  var u1 = e.multiply(sInv).mod(n)
+  var u2 = r.multiply(sInv).mod(n)
 
-  // 1.4.5 Compute R = (xR, yR) = u1G + u2Q
+  // 1.4.5 Compute R = (xR, yR)
+  //               R = u1G + u2Q
   var R = G.multiplyTwo(u1, Q, u2)
-  var v = R.affineX.mod(n)
 
   // 1.4.5 (cont.) Enforce R is not at infinity
   if (curve.isInfinity(R)) return false
 
-  // 1.4.8 If v = r, output "valid", and if v != r, output "invalid"
-  return v.equals(r)
-}
+  // 1.4.6 Convert the field element R.x to an integer
+  var xR = R.affineX
 
-function verify (curve, hash, signature, Q) {
-  // 1.4.2 H = Hash(M), already done by the user
-  // 1.4.3 e = H
-  var e = BigInteger.fromBuffer(hash)
+  // 1.4.7 Set v = xR mod n
+  var v = xR.mod(n)
 
-  return verifyRaw(curve, e, signature, Q)
+  // 1.4.8 If v = r, output "valid", and if v != r, output "invalid"
+  return v.equals(r)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -181,14 +179,16 @@ function recoverPubKey (curve, e, signature, i) {
   var nR = R.multiply(n)
   assert(curve.isInfinity(nR), 'nR is not a valid curve point')
 
+  // Compute r^-1
+  var rInv = r.modInverse(n)
+
   // Compute -e from e
   var eNeg = e.negate().mod(n)
 
   // 1.6.1 Compute Q = r^-1 (sR -  eG)
   //               Q = r^-1 (sR + -eG)
-  var rInv = r.modInverse(n)
-
   var Q = R.multiplyTwo(s, G, eNeg).multiply(rInv)
+
   curve.validate(Q)
 
   return Q
@@ -223,6 +223,5 @@ module.exports = {
   deterministicGenerateK: deterministicGenerateK,
   recoverPubKey: recoverPubKey,
   sign: sign,
-  verify: verify,
-  verifyRaw: verifyRaw
+  verify: verify
 }
diff --git a/test/ecdsa.js b/test/ecdsa.js
index a5ff8a5..94f0f40 100644
--- a/test/ecdsa.js
+++ b/test/ecdsa.js
@@ -158,30 +158,26 @@ describe('ecdsa', function () {
     })
   })
 
-  describe('verify/verifyRaw', function () {
+  describe('verify', function () {
     fixtures.valid.ecdsa.forEach(function (f) {
       it('verifies a valid signature for "' + f.message + '"', function () {
         var d = BigInteger.fromHex(f.d)
         var H = crypto.sha256(f.message)
-        var e = BigInteger.fromBuffer(H)
         var signature = new ECSignature(new BigInteger(f.signature.r), new BigInteger(f.signature.s))
         var Q = curve.G.multiply(d)
 
         assert(ecdsa.verify(curve, H, signature, Q))
-        assert(ecdsa.verifyRaw(curve, e, signature, Q))
       })
     })
 
-    fixtures.invalid.verifyRaw.forEach(function (f) {
+    fixtures.invalid.verify.forEach(function (f) {
       it('fails to verify with ' + f.description, function () {
         var H = crypto.sha256(f.message)
-        var e = BigInteger.fromBuffer(H)
         var d = BigInteger.fromHex(f.d)
         var signature = new ECSignature(new BigInteger(f.signature.r), new BigInteger(f.signature.s))
         var Q = curve.G.multiply(d)
 
         assert.equal(ecdsa.verify(curve, H, signature, Q), false)
-        assert.equal(ecdsa.verifyRaw(curve, e, signature, Q), false)
       })
     })
   })
diff --git a/test/fixtures/ecdsa.json b/test/fixtures/ecdsa.json
index 57814c2..7bbcc85 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/ecdsa.json
+++ b/test/fixtures/ecdsa.json
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
         "i": 4
       }
     ],
-    "verifyRaw": [
+    "verify": [
       {
         "description": "The wrong signature",
         "d": "01",