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<article markdown="span" class="uk-article">
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<h1 class="uk-article-title">Register a name</h1>
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<div class="uk-article-meta uk-margin-top uk-margin-medium-bottom">
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<!-- <img class="avatar avatar-small" alt="Blockstack" width="32" height="32" data-proofer-ignore="true" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/Blockstack?v=3&s=32" srcset="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/Blockstack?v=3&s=32 1x, https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/Blockstack?v=3&s=64 2x, https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/Blockstack?v=3&s=96 3x, https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/Blockstack?v=3&s=128 4x" /> -->
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<!-- Written by <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Blockstack</span></span><br> -->
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<time datetime="2018-09-14T09:05:56-07:00" itemprop="datePublished">
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<a "target="_blank" href="https://github.com/blockstack/blockstack-core/blob/master/docs/register.md" class="btn btn-default githubEditButton" role="button">
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<span data-uk-icon="icon: pencil; ratio: 1.2"></span> Edit this page on Github</a>
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<span style="font-family:Wingdings">w</span> Sep 14, 2018
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</time>
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</div>
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<div markdown="span" class="article-content">
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<p class="no_toc">This section explains registering BNS names and provides instructions for methods
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you can use to understandt the cost of namespace registration.</p>
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<ul id="markdown-toc">
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<li><a href="#understand-registration" id="markdown-toc-understand-registration">Understand registration</a></li>
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<li><a href="#getting-a-names-registration-fee-reference" id="markdown-toc-getting-a-names-registration-fee-reference">Getting a Name’s Registration Fee (reference)</a></li>
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<li><a href="#getting-the-current-consensus-hash-reference" id="markdown-toc-getting-the-current-consensus-hash-reference">Getting the Current Consensus Hash (reference)</a></li>
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<li><a href="#registering-a-name" id="markdown-toc-registering-a-name">Registering a Name</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="understand-registration">Understand registration</h2>
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<p>Registering a BNS name costs cryptocurrency. This cost comes from two sources:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Transaction fees:</strong> These are the fees imposed by the cost of storing the
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transaction data to the blockchain itself. They are independent of BNS, since
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all of the blockchain’s users are competing to have their transactions included
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in the next block. The blockchain’s miners receive the transaction fee.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Registration fees:</strong> Each BNS namespace imposes an <em>additional</em> fee on how
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much a name costs. The registration fee is sent to the namespace creator
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during the first year that a namespace exists, and is sent to a burn address
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afterwards. The registration fee is different for each name and is
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determined by the namespace itself, but can be queried in advance by the user.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Registering a name takes two transactions. They are:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><strong><code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME_PREORDER</code> transaction</strong>: This is the first transaction to be sent.
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It tells all BNS nodes the <em>salted hash</em> of the BNS name, and it pays the
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registration fee to the namespace owner’s designated address (or the burn
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address). In addition, it proves to the BNS nodes that the client knows about
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the current state of the system by including a recent <em>consensus hash</em>
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in the transaction (see the section on <a href="#bns-forks">BNS forks</a> for details).</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong><code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME_REGISTRATION</code> transaction</strong>: This is the second transaction to be
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sent. It reveals the salt and the name to all BNS nodes, and assigns the name
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an initial public key hash and zone file hash</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The reason this process takes two transactions is to prevent front-running.
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The BNS consensus rules stipulate that a name can only be registered if its
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matching preorder transaction was sent in the last 24 hours. Because a name
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must be preordered before it is registered, someone watching the blockchain’s
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peer network cannot race a victim to claim the name they were trying to
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register (i.e. the attacker would have needed to send a <code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME_PREORDER</code>
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transaction first, and would have had to have sent it no more than 24 hours
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ago).</p>
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<p>Registering a name on top of the Bitcoin blockchain takes 1-2 hours. This is
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because you need to wait for the <code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME_PREORDER</code> transaction to be sufficiently
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confirmed before sending the <code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME_REGISTRATION</code> transaction. The BNS nodes
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only register the name once both transactions have at least 6 confirmations
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(which itself usually takes about an hour).</p>
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<p>Names are registered on a first-come first-serve basis.
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If two different people try to register the same name at the same time, the
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person who completes the two-step process <em>earliest</em> will receive the name. The
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other person’s <code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME_REGISTRATION</code> transaction will be ignored, since it will
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not be considered valid at this point. The registration fee paid by the
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<code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME_PREORDER</code> will be lost. However, this situation is rare in practice—
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as of early 2018, we only know of one confirmed instance in the system’s 3+ years
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of operation.</p>
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<p>Fully-qualified names can be between 3 and 37 characters long, and consist of
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the characters <code class="highlighter-rouge">a-z</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">0-9</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">+</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">-</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">_</code>, and <code class="highlighter-rouge">.</code>. This is to prevent
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|
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDN_homograph_attack">homograph attacks</a>.
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<code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME_REGISTRATION</code> transactions that do not conform to this requirement will be
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ignored.</p>
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<h2 id="getting-a-names-registration-fee-reference">Getting a Name’s Registration Fee (<a href="https://core.blockstack.org/#price-checks-get-name-price">reference</a>)</h2>
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<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$ </span>curl -sL https://core.blockstack.org/v1/prices/names/helloworld.id | jq -r <span class="s2">".name_price"</span>
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<span class="o">{</span>
|
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<span class="s2">"btc"</span>: 2.5e-05,
|
|
<span class="s2">"satoshis"</span>: 2500
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
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</code></pre>
|
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</div>
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|
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<p>Note the use of <code class="highlighter-rouge">jq -r</code> to select the <code class="highlighter-rouge">"name_price"</code> field. This API
|
|
endpoint may return other ancilliary data regarding transaction fee estimation,
|
|
but this is the only field guaranteed by this specification to be present.</p>
|
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|
<h2 id="getting-the-current-consensus-hash-reference">Getting the Current Consensus Hash (<a href="https://core.blockstack.org/#blockchain-operations-get-consensus-hash">reference</a>)</h2>
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|
|
<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$ </span>curl -sL https://core.blockstack.org/v1/blockchains/bitcoin/consensus
|
|
<span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="s2">"consensus_hash"</span>: <span class="s2">"98adf31989bd937576aa190cc9f5fa3a"</span>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
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|
|
<p>The consensus hash must be included in the <code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME_PREORDER</code> transaction. The BNS
|
|
clients do this automatically. See the <a href="/core/wire-format.html">transaction format
|
|
document</a> for details as to how to include this in the
|
|
transaction.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="registering-a-name">Registering a Name</h2>
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|
|
|
<p>Registration happens through a BNS client, such as the <a href="https://github.com/blockstack/blockstack-browser">Blockstack
|
|
Browser</a> or
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/blockstack/blockstack.js">blockstack.js</a>.
|
|
The reference BNS clients manage a local Bitcoin wallet, calculate transaction fees
|
|
dynamically and automatically, and broadcast both the <code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME_PREORDER</code> and
|
|
<code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME_REGISTRATION</code> transactions at the right times.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you want to make your own registration client, you should see the
|
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<a href="/core/wire-format.html">transaction format</a> document.</p>
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