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#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Electrum - lightweight Bitcoin client
# Copyright (C) 2011 thomasv@gitorious
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
import os
import sys
import datetime
import time
import copy
import argparse
import json
import ast
from functools import wraps
from decimal import Decimal
import util
from util import print_msg, format_satoshis, print_stderr
import bitcoin
from bitcoin import is_address, hash_160_to_bc_address, hash_160, COIN
from transaction import Transaction
import paymentrequest
from paymentrequest import PR_PAID, PR_UNPAID, PR_UNKNOWN, PR_EXPIRED
known_commands = {}
class Command:
def __init__(self, func, s):
self.name = func.__name__
self.requires_network = 'n' in s
self.requires_wallet = 'w' in s
self.requires_password = 'p' in s
self.description = func.__doc__
self.help = self.description.split('.')[0]
varnames = func.func_code.co_varnames[1:func.func_code.co_argcount]
self.defaults = func.func_defaults
if self.defaults:
n = len(self.defaults)
self.params = list(varnames[:-n])
self.options = list(varnames[-n:])
else:
self.params = list(varnames)
self.options = []
self.defaults = []
def command(s):
def decorator(func):
global known_commands
name = func.__name__
known_commands[name] = Command(func, s)
@wraps(func)
def func_wrapper(*args):
return func(*args)
return func_wrapper
return decorator
class Commands:
def __init__(self, config, wallet, network, callback = None):
self.config = config
self.wallet = wallet
self.network = network
self._callback = callback
self.password = None
self.contacts = util.Contacts(self.config)
def _run(self, method, args, password_getter):
cmd = known_commands[method]
if cmd.requires_password and self.wallet.use_encryption:
self.password = apply(password_getter,())
f = getattr(self, method)
result = f(*args)
self.password = None
if self._callback:
apply(self._callback, ())
return result
@command('')
def help(self):
"""Print help"""
return 'Commands: ' + ', '.join(sorted(known_commands.keys()))
@command('')
def create(self):
"""Create a new wallet"""
@command('')
def restore(self):
"""Restore a wallet from seed. """
@command('')
def deseed(self):
"""Remove seed from wallet. This creates a seedless, watching-only
wallet."""
@command('wp')
def password(self):
"""Change wallet password. """
@command('')
def getconfig(self, key):
"""Return a configuration variable. """
return self.config.get(key)
@command('')
def setconfig(self, key, value):
"""Set a configuration variable. 'value' may be a string or a Python expression."""
try:
value = ast.literal_eval(value)
except:
pass
self.config.set_key(key, value)
return True
@command('')
def make_seed(self, nbits=128, entropy=1, language=None):
"""Create a seed"""
from mnemonic import Mnemonic
s = Mnemonic(language).make_seed(nbits, custom_entropy=entropy)
return s.encode('utf8')
@command('')
def check_seed(self, seed, entropy=1, language=None):
"""Check that a seed was generated with given entropy"""
from mnemonic import Mnemonic
return Mnemonic(language).check_seed(seed, entropy)
@command('n')
def getaddresshistory(self, address):
"""Return the transaction history of any address. Note: This is a
walletless server query, results are not checked by SPV.
"""
return self.network.synchronous_get([('blockchain.address.get_history', [address])])[0]
@command('nw')
def listunspent(self):
"""List unspent outputs. Returns the list of unspent transaction
outputs in your wallet."""
l = copy.deepcopy(self.wallet.get_spendable_coins(exclude_frozen = False))
for i in l: i["value"] = str(Decimal(i["value"])/COIN)
return l
@command('n')
def getaddressunspent(self, address):
"""Returns the UTXO list of any address. Note: This
is a walletless server query, results are not checked by SPV.
"""
return self.network.synchronous_get([('blockchain.address.listunspent', [address])])[0]
@command('n')
def getutxoaddress(self, txid, pos):
"""Get the address of a UTXO. Note: This is a walletless server query, results are
not checked by SPV.
"""
r = self.network.synchronous_get([('blockchain.utxo.get_address', [txid, pos])])
if r:
return {'address':r[0]}
@command('wp')
def createrawtx(self, inputs, outputs, unsigned=False):
"""Create a transaction from json inputs. The syntax is similar to bitcoind."""
coins = self.wallet.get_spendable_coins(exclude_frozen = False)
tx_inputs = []
for i in inputs:
prevout_hash = i['txid']
prevout_n = i['vout']
for c in coins:
if c['prevout_hash'] == prevout_hash and c['prevout_n'] == prevout_n:
self.wallet.add_input_info(c)
tx_inputs.append(c)
break
else:
raise BaseException('Transaction output not in wallet', prevout_hash+":%d"%prevout_n)
outputs = map(lambda x: ('address', x[0], int(COIN*x[1])), outputs.items())
tx = Transaction.from_io(tx_inputs, outputs)
if not unsigned:
self.wallet.sign_transaction(tx, self.password)
return tx
@command('wp')
def signtransaction(self, tx, privkey=None):
"""Sign a transaction. The wallet keys will be used unless a private key is provided."""
t = Transaction(tx)
t.deserialize()
if privkey:
pubkey = bitcoin.public_key_from_private_key(sec)
t.sign({pubkey:sec})
else:
self.wallet.sign_transaction(t, self.password)
return t
@command('')
def deserialize(self, tx):
"""Deserialize a serialized transaction"""
t = Transaction(tx)
return t.deserialize()
@command('n')
def broadcast(self, tx):
"""Broadcast a transaction to the network. """
t = Transaction(tx)
return self.network.synchronous_get([('blockchain.transaction.broadcast', [str(t)])])[0]
@command('')
def createmultisig(self, num, pubkeys):
"""Create multisig address"""
assert isinstance(pubkeys, list), (type(num), type(pubkeys))
redeem_script = Transaction.multisig_script(pubkeys, num)
address = hash_160_to_bc_address(hash_160(redeem_script.decode('hex')), 5)
return {'address':address, 'redeemScript':redeem_script}
@command('w')
def freeze(self, address):
"""Freeze address. Freeze the funds at one of your wallet\'s addresses"""
return self.wallet.set_frozen_state([address], True)
@command('w')
def unfreeze(self, address):
"""Unfreeze address. Unfreeze the funds at one of your wallet\'s address"""
return self.wallet.set_frozen_state([address], False)
@command('wp')
def getprivatekeys(self, address):
"""Get the private keys of an address. Address must be in wallet."""
return self.wallet.get_private_key(address, self.password)
@command('w')
def ismine(self, address):
"""Check if address is in wallet. Return true if and only address is in wallet"""
return self.wallet.is_mine(address)
@command('wp')
def dumpprivkeys(self, domain=None):
"""Dump private keys from your wallet"""
if domain is None:
domain = self.wallet.addresses(True)
return [self.wallet.get_private_key(address, self.password) for address in domain]
@command('')
def validateaddress(self, address):
"""Check that an address is valid. """
return is_address(address)
@command('w')
def getpubkeys(self, address):
"""Return the public keys for a wallet address. """
return self.wallet.get_public_keys(address)
@command('nw')
def getbalance(self, account=None):
"""Return the balance of your wallet. If run with the --offline flag,
returns the last known balance."""
if account is None:
c, u, x = self.wallet.get_balance()
else:
c, u, x = self.wallet.get_account_balance(account)
out = {"confirmed": str(Decimal(c)/COIN)}
if u:
out["unconfirmed"] = str(Decimal(u)/COIN)
if x:
out["unmatured"] = str(Decimal(x)/COIN)
return out
@command('n')
def getaddressbalance(self, address):
"""Return the balance of any address. Note: This is a walletless
server query, results are not checked by SPV.
"""
out = self.network.synchronous_get([('blockchain.address.get_balance', [address])])[0]
out["confirmed"] = str(Decimal(out["confirmed"])/COIN)
out["unconfirmed"] = str(Decimal(out["unconfirmed"])/COIN)
return out
@command('n')
def getproof(self, address):
"""Get Merkle branch of an address in the UTXO set"""
p = self.network.synchronous_get([('blockchain.address.get_proof', [address])])[0]
out = []
for i,s in p:
out.append(i)
return out
@command('n')
def getmerkle(self, txid, height):
"""Get Merkle branch of a transaction included in a block. Electrum
uses this to verify transactions (Simple Payment Verification)."""
return self.network.synchronous_get([('blockchain.transaction.get_merkle', [txid, int(height)])])[0]
@command('n')
def getservers(self):
"""Return the list of available servers"""
while not self.network.is_up_to_date():
time.sleep(0.1)
return self.network.get_servers()
@command('')
def version(self):
"""Return the version of electrum."""
import electrum # Needs to stay here to prevent ciruclar imports
return electrum.ELECTRUM_VERSION
@command('w')
def getmpk(self):
"""Get master public key. Return your wallet\'s master public key(s)"""
return self.wallet.get_master_public_keys()
@command('wp')
def getseed(self):
"""Get seed phrase. Print the generation seed of your wallet."""
s = self.wallet.get_mnemonic(self.password)
return s.encode('utf8')
@command('wp')
def importprivkey(self, privkey):
"""Import a private key. """
try:
addr = self.wallet.import_key(privkey, self.password)
out = "Keypair imported: ", addr
except Exception as e:
out = "Error: Keypair import failed: " + str(e)
return out
def _resolver(self, x):
if x is None:
return None
out = self.contacts.resolve(x)
if out.get('type') == 'openalias' and self.nocheck is False and out.get('validated') is False:
raise BaseException('cannot verify alias', x)
return out['address']
@command('n')
def sweep(self, privkey, destination, tx_fee=None, nocheck=False):
"""Sweep private key. Returns a transaction that spends UTXOs from
privkey to a destination address. The transaction is not
broadcasted."""
self.nocheck = nocheck
dest = self._resolver(destination)
if tx_fee is None:
tx_fee = 0.0001
fee = int(Decimal(tx_fee)*COIN)
return Transaction.sweep([privkey], self.network, dest, fee)
@command('wp')
def signmessage(self, address, message):
"""Sign a message with a key. Use quotes if your message contains
whitespaces"""
return self.wallet.sign_message(address, message, self.password)
@command('')
def verifymessage(self, address, signature, message):
"""Verify a signature."""
return bitcoin.verify_message(address, signature, message)
def _mktx(self, outputs, fee, change_addr, domain, nocheck, unsigned):
self.nocheck = nocheck
change_addr = self._resolver(change_addr)
domain = None if domain is None else map(self._resolver, domain)
fee = None if fee is None else int(COIN*Decimal(fee))
final_outputs = []
for address, amount in outputs:
address = self._resolver(address)
#assert self.wallet.is_mine(address)
if amount == '!':
assert len(outputs) == 1
inputs = self.wallet.get_spendable_coins(domain)
amount = sum(map(lambda x:x['value'], inputs))
if fee is None:
for i in inputs:
self.wallet.add_input_info(i)
output = ('address', address, amount)
dummy_tx = Transaction.from_io(inputs, [output])
fee = self.wallet.estimated_fee(dummy_tx)
amount -= fee
else:
amount = int(COIN*Decimal(amount))
final_outputs.append(('address', address, amount))
coins = self.wallet.get_spendable_coins(domain)
tx = self.wallet.make_unsigned_transaction(coins, final_outputs, fee, change_addr)
str(tx) #this serializes
if not unsigned:
self.wallet.sign_transaction(tx, self.password)
return tx
def _read_csv(self, csvpath):
import csv
outputs = []
with open(csvpath, 'rb') as csvfile:
csvReader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=',')
for row in csvReader:
address, amount = row
assert bitcoin.is_address(address)
amount = Decimal(amount)
outputs.append((address, amount))
return outputs
@command('wp')
def payto(self, destination, amount, tx_fee=None, from_addr=None, change_addr=None, nocheck=False, unsigned=False, deserialized=False, broadcast=False):
"""Create a transaction. """
domain = [from_addr] if from_addr else None
tx = self._mktx([(destination, amount)], tx_fee, change_addr, domain, nocheck, unsigned)
if broadcast:
r, h = self.wallet.sendtx(tx)
return h
else:
return tx.deserialize() if deserialized else tx
@command('wp')
def paytomany(self, csv_file, tx_fee=None, from_addr=None, change_addr=None, nocheck=False, unsigned=False, deserialized=False, broadcast=False):
"""Create a multi-output transaction. """
domain = [from_addr] if from_addr else None
outputs = self._read_csv(csv_file)
tx = self._mktx(outputs, tx_fee, change_addr, domain, nocheck, unsigned)
if broadcast:
r, h = self.wallet.sendtx(tx)
return h
else:
return tx.deserialize() if deserialized else tx
@command('wn')
def history(self):
"""Wallet history. Returns the transaction history of your wallet."""
balance = 0
out = []
for item in self.wallet.get_history():
tx_hash, conf, value, timestamp, balance = item
try:
time_str = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp( timestamp).isoformat(' ')[:-3]
except Exception:
time_str = "----"
label, is_default_label = self.wallet.get_label(tx_hash)
out.append({'txid':tx_hash, 'date':"%16s"%time_str, 'label':label, 'value':format_satoshis(value), 'confirmations':conf})
return out
@command('w')
def setlabel(self, key, label):
"""Assign a label to an item. Item may be a bitcoin address or a
transaction ID"""
self.wallet.set_label(key, label)
@command('')
def listcontacts(self):
"""Show your list of contacts"""
return self.contacts
@command('')
def getalias(self, key):
"""Retrieve alias. Lookup in your list of contacts, and for an OpenAlias DNS record."""
return self.contacts.resolve(key)
@command('')
def searchcontacts(self, query):
"""Search through contacts, return matching entries. """
results = {}
for key, value in self.contacts.items():
if query.lower() in key.lower():
results[key] = value
return results
@command('w')
def listaddresses(self, receiving=False, change=False, show_labels=False, frozen=False, unused=False, funded=False, show_balance=False):
"""List wallet addresses. Returns your list of addresses."""
out = []
for addr in self.wallet.addresses(True):
if frozen and not self.wallet.is_frozen(addr):
continue
if receiving and self.wallet.is_change(addr):
continue
if change and not self.wallet.is_change(addr):
continue
if unused and self.wallet.is_used(addr):
continue
if funded and self.wallet.is_empty(addr):
continue
item = addr
if show_balance:
item += ", "+ format_satoshis(sum(self.wallet.get_addr_balance(addr)))
if show_labels:
item += ', ' + repr(self.wallet.labels.get(addr, ''))
out.append(item)
return out
@command('nw')
def gettransaction(self, txid, deserialized=False):
"""Retrieve a transaction. """
tx = self.wallet.transactions.get(txid) if self.wallet else None
if tx is None and self.network:
raw = self.network.synchronous_get([('blockchain.transaction.get', [txid])])[0]
if raw:
tx = Transaction(raw)
else:
raise BaseException("Unknown transaction")
return tx.deserialize() if deserialized else tx
@command('')
def encrypt(self, pubkey, message):
"""Encrypt a message with a public key. Use quotes if the message contains whitespaces."""
return bitcoin.encrypt_message(message, pubkey)
@command('wp')
def decrypt(self, pubkey, encrypted):
"""Decrypt a message encrypted with a public key."""
return self.wallet.decrypt_message(pubkey, encrypted, self.password)
def _format_request(self, out):
pr_str = {
PR_UNKNOWN: 'Unknown',
PR_UNPAID: 'Pending',
PR_PAID: 'Paid',
PR_EXPIRED: 'Expired',
}
out['amount'] = format_satoshis(out.get('amount')) + ' BTC'
out['status'] = pr_str[out.get('status', PR_UNKNOWN)]
return out
@command('wn')
def getrequest(self, key):
"""Return a payment request"""
r = self.wallet.get_payment_request(key, self.config)
if not r:
raise BaseException("Request not found")
return self._format_request(r)
#@command('w')
#def ackrequest(self, serialized):
# """<Not implemented>"""
# pass
@command('wn')
def listrequests(self, pending=False, expired=False, paid=False):
"""List the payment requests you made."""
out = self.wallet.get_sorted_requests(self.config)
if pending:
f = PR_UNPAID
elif expired:
f = PR_EXPIRED
elif paid:
f = PR_PAID
else:
f = None
if f is not None:
out = filter(lambda x: x.get('status')==f, out)
return map(self._format_request, out)
@command('w')
def addrequest(self, requested_amount, memo='', expiration=60*60, force=False):
"""Create a payment request."""
addr = self.wallet.get_unused_address(None)
if addr is None:
if force:
addr = self.wallet.create_new_address(None, False)
else:
return False
amount = int(Decimal(requested_amount)*COIN)
req = self.wallet.add_payment_request(addr, amount, memo, expiration, self.config)
return self._format_request(req)
@command('w')
def rmrequest(self, key):
"""Remove a payment request"""
return self.wallet.remove_payment_request(key, self.config)
param_descriptions = {
'privkey': 'Private key. Type \'?\' to get a prompt.',
'destination': 'Bitcoin address, contact or alias',
'address': 'Bitcoin address',
'seed': 'Seed phrase',
'txid': 'Transaction ID',
'pos': 'Position',
'height': 'Block height',
'tx': 'Serialized transaction (hexadecimal)',
'key': 'Variable name',
'pubkey': 'Public key',
'message': 'Clear text message. Use quotes if it contains spaces.',
'encrypted': 'Encrypted message',
'amount': 'Amount to be sent (in BTC). Type \'!\' to send the maximum available.',
'requested_amount': 'Requested amount (in BTC).',
'csv_file': 'CSV file of recipient, amount',
}
command_options = {
'broadcast': (None, "--broadcast", "Broadcast the transaction to the Bitcoin network"),
'password': ("-W", "--password", "Password"),
'concealed': ("-C", "--concealed", "Don't echo seed to console when restoring"),
'receiving': (None, "--receiving", "Show only receiving addresses"),
'change': (None, "--change", "Show only change addresses"),
'frozen': (None, "--frozen", "Show only frozen addresses"),
'unused': (None, "--unused", "Show only unused addresses"),
'funded': (None, "--funded", "Show only funded addresses"),
'show_balance':("-b", "--balance", "Show the balances of listed addresses"),
'show_labels': ("-l", "--labels", "Show the labels of listed addresses"),
'nocheck': (None, "--nocheck", "Do not verify aliases"),
'tx_fee': ("-f", "--fee", "Transaction fee (in BTC)"),
'from_addr': ("-F", "--from", "Source address. If it isn't in the wallet, it will ask for the private key unless supplied in the format public_key:private_key. It's not saved in the wallet."),
'change_addr': ("-c", "--change", "Change address. Default is a spare address, or the source address if it's not in the wallet"),
'nbits': (None, "--nbits", "Number of bits of entropy"),
'entropy': (None, "--entropy", "Custom entropy"),
'language': ("-L", "--lang", "Default language for wordlist"),
'gap_limit': ("-G", "--gap", "Gap limit"),
'mpk': (None, "--mpk", "Restore from master public key"),
'deserialized':("-d", "--deserialized","Return deserialized transaction"),
'privkey': (None, "--privkey", "Private key. Set to '?' to get a prompt."),
'unsigned': ("-u", "--unsigned", "Do not sign transaction"),
'domain': ("-D", "--domain", "List of addresses"),
'account': (None, "--account", "Account"),
'memo': ("-m", "--memo", "Description of the request"),
'expiration': (None, "--expiration", "Time in seconds"),
'force': (None, "--force", "Create new address beyong gap limit, if no more address is available."),
'pending': (None, "--pending", "Show only pending requests."),
'expired': (None, "--expired", "Show only expired requests."),
'paid': (None, "--paid", "Show only paid requests."),
}
arg_types = {
'num':int,
'nbits':int,
'entropy':long,
'pubkeys': json.loads,
'inputs': json.loads,
'outputs': json.loads,
'tx_fee': lambda x: Decimal(x) if x is not None else None,
'amount': lambda x: Decimal(x) if x!='!' else '!',
}
config_variables = {
'addrequest': {
'requests_dir': 'directory where a bip70 file will be written.',
'ssl_privkey': 'Path to your SSL private key, needed to sign the request.',
'ssl_chain': 'Chain of SSL certificates, needed for signed requests. Put your certificate at the top and the root CA at the end',
'url_rewrite': 'Parameters passed to str.replace(), in order to create the r= part of bitcoin: URIs. Example: \"(\'file:///var/www/\',\'https://electrum.org/\')\"',
},
'listrequests':{
'url_rewrite': 'Parameters passed to str.replace(), in order to create the r= part of bitcoin: URIs. Example: \"(\'file:///var/www/\',\'https://electrum.org/\')\"',
}
}
def set_default_subparser(self, name, args=None):
"""see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5176691/argparse-how-to-specify-a-default-subcommand"""
subparser_found = False
for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
if arg in ['-h', '--help']: # global help if no subparser
break
else:
for x in self._subparsers._actions:
if not isinstance(x, argparse._SubParsersAction):
continue
for sp_name in x._name_parser_map.keys():
if sp_name in sys.argv[1:]:
subparser_found = True
if not subparser_found:
# insert default in first position, this implies no
# global options without a sub_parsers specified
if args is None:
sys.argv.insert(1, name)
else:
args.insert(0, name)
argparse.ArgumentParser.set_default_subparser = set_default_subparser
def add_network_options(parser):
parser.add_argument("-1", "--oneserver", action="store_true", dest="oneserver", default=False, help="connect to one server only")
parser.add_argument("-s", "--server", dest="server", default=None, help="set server host:port:protocol, where protocol is either t (tcp) or s (ssl)")
parser.add_argument("-p", "--proxy", dest="proxy", default=None, help="set proxy [type:]host[:port], where type is socks4,socks5 or http")
from util import profiler
@profiler
def get_parser(run_gui, run_daemon, run_cmdline):
# parent parser, because set_default_subparser removes global options
parent_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('parent', add_help=False)
group = parent_parser.add_argument_group('global options')
group.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", dest="verbose", default=False, help="Show debugging information")
group.add_argument("-P", "--portable", action="store_true", dest="portable", default=False, help="Use local 'electrum_data' directory")
group.add_argument("-w", "--wallet", dest="wallet_path", help="wallet path")
group.add_argument("-o", "--offline", action="store_true", dest="offline", default=False, help="Run offline")
# create main parser
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
parents=[parent_parser],
epilog="Run 'electrum help <command>' to see the help for a command")
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='cmd', metavar='<command>')
# gui
parser_gui = subparsers.add_parser('gui', parents=[parent_parser], description="Run Electrum's Graphical User Interface.", help="Run GUI (default)")
parser_gui.add_argument("url", nargs='?', default=None, help="bitcoin URI (or bip70 file)")
parser_gui.set_defaults(func=run_gui)
parser_gui.add_argument("-g", "--gui", dest="gui", help="select graphical user interface", choices=['qt', 'lite', 'gtk', 'text', 'stdio', 'jsonrpc'])
parser_gui.add_argument("-m", action="store_true", dest="hide_gui", default=False, help="hide GUI on startup")
parser_gui.add_argument("-L", "--lang", dest="language", default=None, help="default language used in GUI")
add_network_options(parser_gui)
# daemon
parser_daemon = subparsers.add_parser('daemon', parents=[parent_parser], help="Run Daemon")
parser_daemon.add_argument("subcommand", choices=['start', 'status', 'stop'])
parser_daemon.set_defaults(func=run_daemon)
add_network_options(parser_daemon)
# commands
for cmdname in sorted(known_commands.keys()):
cmd = known_commands[cmdname]
p = subparsers.add_parser(cmdname, parents=[parent_parser], help=cmd.help, description=cmd.description)
p.set_defaults(func=run_cmdline)
if cmd.requires_password:
p.add_argument("-W", "--password", dest="password", default=None, help="password")
for optname, default in zip(cmd.options, cmd.defaults):
a, b, help = command_options[optname]
action = "store_true" if type(default) is bool else 'store'
args = (a, b) if a else (b,)
if action == 'store':
_type = arg_types.get(optname, str)
p.add_argument(*args, dest=optname, action=action, default=default, help=help, type=_type)
else:
p.add_argument(*args, dest=optname, action=action, default=default, help=help)
for param in cmd.params:
h = param_descriptions.get(param, '')
_type = arg_types.get(param, str)
p.add_argument(param, help=h, type=_type)
cvh = config_variables.get(cmdname)
if cvh:
group = p.add_argument_group('configuration variables', '(set with setconfig/getconfig)')
for k, v in cvh.items():
group.add_argument(k, nargs='?', help=v)
# 'gui' is the default command
parser.set_default_subparser('gui')
return parser