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# Electrum - lightweight Bitcoin client
# Copyright (C) 2011 Thomas Voegtlin
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
# obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
# (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
# including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
# publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
# and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
# subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
# BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
# ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
# CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
import binascii
import os, sys, re, json
from collections import defaultdict
from datetime import datetime
from decimal import Decimal
import traceback
import urllib
import threading
import hmac
from .i18n import _
import urllib.request, urllib.parse, urllib.error
import queue
def inv_dict(d):
return {v: k for k, v in d.items()}
base_units = {'BTC':8, 'mBTC':5, 'uBTC':2}
def normalize_version(v):
return [int(x) for x in re.sub(r'(\.0+)*$','', v).split(".")]
class NotEnoughFunds(Exception): pass
class NoDynamicFeeEstimates(Exception):
def __str__(self):
return _('Dynamic fee estimates not available')
class InvalidPassword(Exception):
def __str__(self):
return _("Incorrect password")
class FileImportFailed(Exception):
def __init__(self, message=''):
self.message = str(message)
def __str__(self):
return _("Failed to import from file.") + "\n" + self.message
class FileExportFailed(Exception):
def __init__(self, message=''):
self.message = str(message)
def __str__(self):
return _("Failed to export to file.") + "\n" + self.message
class TimeoutException(Exception):
def __init__(self, message=''):
self.message = str(message)
def __str__(self):
if not self.message:
return _("Operation timed out.")
return self.message
# Throw this exception to unwind the stack like when an error occurs.
# However unlike other exceptions the user won't be informed.
class UserCancelled(Exception):
'''An exception that is suppressed from the user'''
pass
class Satoshis(object):
def __new__(cls, value):
self = super(Satoshis, cls).__new__(cls)
self.value = value
return self
def __repr__(self):
return 'Satoshis(%d)'%self.value
def __str__(self):
return format_satoshis(self.value) + " BTC"
class Fiat(object):
def __new__(cls, value, ccy):
self = super(Fiat, cls).__new__(cls)
self.ccy = ccy
self.value = value
return self
def __repr__(self):
return 'Fiat(%s)'% self.__str__()
def __str__(self):
if self.value.is_nan():
return _('No Data')
else:
return "{:.2f}".format(self.value) + ' ' + self.ccy
class MyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
def default(self, obj):
from .transaction import Transaction
if isinstance(obj, Transaction):
return obj.as_dict()
if isinstance(obj, Satoshis):
return str(obj)
if isinstance(obj, Fiat):
return str(obj)
if isinstance(obj, Decimal):
return str(obj)
if isinstance(obj, datetime):
return obj.isoformat(' ')[:-3]
return super(MyEncoder, self).default(obj)
class PrintError(object):
'''A handy base class'''
def diagnostic_name(self):
return self.__class__.__name__
def print_error(self, *msg):
# only prints with --verbose flag
print_error("[%s]" % self.diagnostic_name(), *msg)
def print_stderr(self, *msg):
print_stderr("[%s]" % self.diagnostic_name(), *msg)
def print_msg(self, *msg):
print_msg("[%s]" % self.diagnostic_name(), *msg)
class ThreadJob(PrintError):
"""A job that is run periodically from a thread's main loop. run() is
called from that thread's context.
"""
def run(self):
"""Called periodically from the thread"""
pass
class DebugMem(ThreadJob):
'''A handy class for debugging GC memory leaks'''
def __init__(self, classes, interval=30):
self.next_time = 0
self.classes = classes
self.interval = interval
def mem_stats(self):
import gc
self.print_error("Start memscan")
gc.collect()
objmap = defaultdict(list)
for obj in gc.get_objects():
for class_ in self.classes:
if isinstance(obj, class_):
objmap[class_].append(obj)
for class_, objs in objmap.items():
self.print_error("%s: %d" % (class_.__name__, len(objs)))
self.print_error("Finish memscan")
def run(self):
if time.time() > self.next_time:
self.mem_stats()
self.next_time = time.time() + self.interval
class DaemonThread(threading.Thread, PrintError):
""" daemon thread that terminates cleanly """
def __init__(self):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.parent_thread = threading.currentThread()
self.running = False
self.running_lock = threading.Lock()
self.job_lock = threading.Lock()
self.jobs = []
def add_jobs(self, jobs):
with self.job_lock:
self.jobs.extend(jobs)
def run_jobs(self):
# Don't let a throwing job disrupt the thread, future runs of
# itself, or other jobs. This is useful protection against
# malformed or malicious server responses
with self.job_lock:
for job in self.jobs:
try:
job.run()
except Exception as e:
traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
def remove_jobs(self, jobs):
with self.job_lock:
for job in jobs:
self.jobs.remove(job)
def start(self):
with self.running_lock:
self.running = True
return threading.Thread.start(self)
def is_running(self):
with self.running_lock:
return self.running and self.parent_thread.is_alive()
def stop(self):
with self.running_lock:
self.running = False
def on_stop(self):
if 'ANDROID_DATA' in os.environ:
import jnius
jnius.detach()
self.print_error("jnius detach")
self.print_error("stopped")
# TODO: disable
is_verbose = True
def set_verbosity(b):
global is_verbose
is_verbose = b
def print_error(*args):
if not is_verbose: return
print_stderr(*args)
def print_stderr(*args):
args = [str(item) for item in args]
sys.stderr.write(" ".join(args) + "\n")
sys.stderr.flush()
def print_msg(*args):
# Stringify args
args = [str(item) for item in args]
sys.stdout.write(" ".join(args) + "\n")
sys.stdout.flush()
def json_encode(obj):
try:
s = json.dumps(obj, sort_keys = True, indent = 4, cls=MyEncoder)
except TypeError:
s = repr(obj)
return s
def json_decode(x):
try:
return json.loads(x, parse_float=Decimal)
except:
return x
# taken from Django Source Code
def constant_time_compare(val1, val2):
"""Return True if the two strings are equal, False otherwise."""
return hmac.compare_digest(to_bytes(val1, 'utf8'), to_bytes(val2, 'utf8'))
# decorator that prints execution time
def profiler(func):
def do_profile(func, args, kw_args):
n = func.__name__
t0 = time.time()
o = func(*args, **kw_args)
t = time.time() - t0
print_error("[profiler]", n, "%.4f"%t)
return o
return lambda *args, **kw_args: do_profile(func, args, kw_args)
def android_ext_dir():
import jnius
env = jnius.autoclass('android.os.Environment')
return env.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath()
def android_data_dir():
import jnius
PythonActivity = jnius.autoclass('org.kivy.android.PythonActivity')
return PythonActivity.mActivity.getFilesDir().getPath() + '/data'
def android_headers_dir():
d = android_ext_dir() + '/org.electrum.electrum'
if not os.path.exists(d):
os.mkdir(d)
return d
def android_check_data_dir():
""" if needed, move old directory to sandbox """
ext_dir = android_ext_dir()
data_dir = android_data_dir()
old_electrum_dir = ext_dir + '/electrum'
if not os.path.exists(data_dir) and os.path.exists(old_electrum_dir):
import shutil
new_headers_path = android_headers_dir() + '/blockchain_headers'
old_headers_path = old_electrum_dir + '/blockchain_headers'
if not os.path.exists(new_headers_path) and os.path.exists(old_headers_path):
print_error("Moving headers file to", new_headers_path)
shutil.move(old_headers_path, new_headers_path)
print_error("Moving data to", data_dir)
shutil.move(old_electrum_dir, data_dir)
return data_dir
def get_headers_dir(config):
return android_headers_dir() if 'ANDROID_DATA' in os.environ else config.path
def assert_bytes(*args):
"""
porting helper, assert args type
"""
try:
for x in args:
assert isinstance(x, (bytes, bytearray))
except:
print('assert bytes failed', list(map(type, args)))
raise
def assert_str(*args):
"""
porting helper, assert args type
"""
for x in args:
assert isinstance(x, str)
def to_string(x, enc):
if isinstance(x, (bytes, bytearray)):
return x.decode(enc)
if isinstance(x, str):
return x
else:
raise TypeError("Not a string or bytes like object")
def to_bytes(something, encoding='utf8'):
"""
cast string to bytes() like object, but for python2 support it's bytearray copy
"""
if isinstance(something, bytes):
return something
if isinstance(something, str):
return something.encode(encoding)
elif isinstance(something, bytearray):
return bytes(something)
else:
raise TypeError("Not a string or bytes like object")
bfh = bytes.fromhex
hfu = binascii.hexlify
def bh2u(x):
"""
str with hex representation of a bytes-like object
>>> x = bytes((1, 2, 10))
>>> bh2u(x)
'01020A'
:param x: bytes
:rtype: str
"""
return hfu(x).decode('ascii')
def user_dir():
if 'ANDROID_DATA' in os.environ:
return android_check_data_dir()
elif os.name == 'posix':
return os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".electrum")
elif "APPDATA" in os.environ:
return os.path.join(os.environ["APPDATA"], "Electrum")
elif "LOCALAPPDATA" in os.environ:
return os.path.join(os.environ["LOCALAPPDATA"], "Electrum")
else:
#raise Exception("No home directory found in environment variables.")
return
def format_satoshis_plain(x, decimal_point = 8):
"""Display a satoshi amount scaled. Always uses a '.' as a decimal
point and has no thousands separator"""
scale_factor = pow(10, decimal_point)
return "{:.8f}".format(Decimal(x) / scale_factor).rstrip('0').rstrip('.')
def format_satoshis(x, is_diff=False, num_zeros = 0, decimal_point = 8, whitespaces=False):
from locale import localeconv
if x is None:
return 'unknown'
x = int(x) # Some callers pass Decimal
scale_factor = pow (10, decimal_point)
integer_part = "{:n}".format(int(abs(x) / scale_factor))
if x < 0:
integer_part = '-' + integer_part
elif is_diff:
integer_part = '+' + integer_part
dp = localeconv()['decimal_point']
fract_part = ("{:0" + str(decimal_point) + "}").format(abs(x) % scale_factor)
fract_part = fract_part.rstrip('0')
if len(fract_part) < num_zeros:
fract_part += "0" * (num_zeros - len(fract_part))
result = integer_part + dp + fract_part
if whitespaces:
result += " " * (decimal_point - len(fract_part))
result = " " * (15 - len(result)) + result
return result
def timestamp_to_datetime(timestamp):
if timestamp is None:
return None
return datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
def format_time(timestamp):
date = timestamp_to_datetime(timestamp)
return date.isoformat(' ')[:-3] if date else _("Unknown")
# Takes a timestamp and returns a string with the approximation of the age
def age(from_date, since_date = None, target_tz=None, include_seconds=False):
if from_date is None:
return "Unknown"
from_date = datetime.fromtimestamp(from_date)
if since_date is None:
since_date = datetime.now(target_tz)
td = time_difference(from_date - since_date, include_seconds)
return td + " ago" if from_date < since_date else "in " + td
def time_difference(distance_in_time, include_seconds):
#distance_in_time = since_date - from_date
distance_in_seconds = int(round(abs(distance_in_time.days * 86400 + distance_in_time.seconds)))
distance_in_minutes = int(round(distance_in_seconds/60))
if distance_in_minutes <= 1:
if include_seconds:
for remainder in [5, 10, 20]:
if distance_in_seconds < remainder:
return "less than %s seconds" % remainder
if distance_in_seconds < 40:
return "half a minute"
elif distance_in_seconds < 60:
return "less than a minute"
else:
return "1 minute"
else:
if distance_in_minutes == 0:
return "less than a minute"
else:
return "1 minute"
elif distance_in_minutes < 45:
return "%s minutes" % distance_in_minutes
elif distance_in_minutes < 90:
return "about 1 hour"
elif distance_in_minutes < 1440:
return "about %d hours" % (round(distance_in_minutes / 60.0))
elif distance_in_minutes < 2880:
return "1 day"
elif distance_in_minutes < 43220:
return "%d days" % (round(distance_in_minutes / 1440))
elif distance_in_minutes < 86400:
return "about 1 month"
elif distance_in_minutes < 525600:
return "%d months" % (round(distance_in_minutes / 43200))
elif distance_in_minutes < 1051200:
return "about 1 year"
else:
return "over %d years" % (round(distance_in_minutes / 525600))
mainnet_block_explorers = {
'Biteasy.com': ('https://www.biteasy.com/blockchain/',
{'tx': 'transactions/', 'addr': 'addresses/'}),
'Bitflyer.jp': ('https://chainflyer.bitflyer.jp/',
{'tx': 'Transaction/', 'addr': 'Address/'}),
'Blockchain.info': ('https://blockchain.info/',
{'tx': 'tx/', 'addr': 'address/'}),
'blockchainbdgpzk.onion': ('https://blockchainbdgpzk.onion/',
{'tx': 'tx/', 'addr': 'address/'}),
'Blockr.io': ('https://btc.blockr.io/',
{'tx': 'tx/info/', 'addr': 'address/info/'}),
'Blocktrail.com': ('https://www.blocktrail.com/BTC/',
{'tx': 'tx/', 'addr': 'address/'}),
'BTC.com': ('https://chain.btc.com/',
{'tx': 'tx/', 'addr': 'address/'}),
'Chain.so': ('https://www.chain.so/',
{'tx': 'tx/BTC/', 'addr': 'address/BTC/'}),
'Insight.is': ('https://insight.bitpay.com/',
{'tx': 'tx/', 'addr': 'address/'}),
'TradeBlock.com': ('https://tradeblock.com/blockchain/',
{'tx': 'tx/', 'addr': 'address/'}),
'BlockCypher.com': ('https://live.blockcypher.com/btc/',
{'tx': 'tx/', 'addr': 'address/'}),
'Blockchair.com': ('https://blockchair.com/bitcoin/',
{'tx': 'transaction/', 'addr': 'address/'}),
'blockonomics.co': ('https://www.blockonomics.co/',
{'tx': 'api/tx?txid=', 'addr': '#/search?q='}),
'system default': ('blockchain:/',
{'tx': 'tx/', 'addr': 'address/'}),
}
testnet_block_explorers = {
'Blocktrail.com': ('https://www.blocktrail.com/tBTC/',
{'tx': 'tx/', 'addr': 'address/'}),
'system default': ('blockchain://000000000933ea01ad0ee984209779baaec3ced90fa3f408719526f8d77f4943/',
{'tx': 'tx/', 'addr': 'address/'}),
}
def block_explorer_info():
from . import constants
return testnet_block_explorers if constants.net.TESTNET else mainnet_block_explorers
def block_explorer(config):
return config.get('block_explorer', 'Blocktrail.com')
def block_explorer_tuple(config):
return block_explorer_info().get(block_explorer(config))
def block_explorer_URL(config, kind, item):
be_tuple = block_explorer_tuple(config)
if not be_tuple:
return
kind_str = be_tuple[1].get(kind)
if not kind_str:
return
url_parts = [be_tuple[0], kind_str, item]
return ''.join(url_parts)
# URL decode
#_ud = re.compile('%([0-9a-hA-H]{2})', re.MULTILINE)
#urldecode = lambda x: _ud.sub(lambda m: chr(int(m.group(1), 16)), x)
def parse_URI(uri, on_pr=None):
from . import bitcoin
from .bitcoin import COIN
if ':' not in uri:
if not bitcoin.is_address(uri):
raise BaseException("Not a bitcoin address")
return {'address': uri}
u = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri)
if u.scheme != 'bitcoin':
raise BaseException("Not a bitcoin URI")
address = u.path
# python for android fails to parse query
if address.find('?') > 0:
address, query = u.path.split('?')
pq = urllib.parse.parse_qs(query)
else:
pq = urllib.parse.parse_qs(u.query)
for k, v in pq.items():
if len(v)!=1:
raise Exception('Duplicate Key', k)
out = {k: v[0] for k, v in pq.items()}
if address:
if not bitcoin.is_address(address):
raise BaseException("Invalid bitcoin address:" + address)
out['address'] = address
if 'amount' in out:
am = out['amount']
m = re.match('([0-9\.]+)X([0-9])', am)
if m:
k = int(m.group(2)) - 8
amount = Decimal(m.group(1)) * pow( Decimal(10) , k)
else:
amount = Decimal(am) * COIN
out['amount'] = int(amount)
if 'message' in out:
out['message'] = out['message']
out['memo'] = out['message']
if 'time' in out:
out['time'] = int(out['time'])
if 'exp' in out:
out['exp'] = int(out['exp'])
if 'sig' in out:
out['sig'] = bh2u(bitcoin.base_decode(out['sig'], None, base=58))
r = out.get('r')
sig = out.get('sig')
name = out.get('name')
if on_pr and (r or (name and sig)):
def get_payment_request_thread():
from . import paymentrequest as pr
if name and sig:
s = pr.serialize_request(out).SerializeToString()
request = pr.PaymentRequest(s)
else:
request = pr.get_payment_request(r)
if on_pr:
on_pr(request)
t = threading.Thread(target=get_payment_request_thread)
t.setDaemon(True)
t.start()
return out
def create_URI(addr, amount, message):
from . import bitcoin
if not bitcoin.is_address(addr):
return ""
query = []
if amount:
query.append('amount=%s'%format_satoshis_plain(amount))
if message:
query.append('message=%s'%urllib.parse.quote(message))
p = urllib.parse.ParseResult(scheme='bitcoin', netloc='', path=addr, params='', query='&'.join(query), fragment='')
return urllib.parse.urlunparse(p)
# Python bug (http://bugs.python.org/issue1927) causes raw_input
# to be redirected improperly between stdin/stderr on Unix systems
#TODO: py3
def raw_input(prompt=None):
if prompt:
sys.stdout.write(prompt)
return builtin_raw_input()
import builtins
builtin_raw_input = builtins.input
builtins.input = raw_input
def parse_json(message):
# TODO: check \r\n pattern
n = message.find(b'\n')
if n==-1:
return None, message
try:
j = json.loads(message[0:n].decode('utf8'))
except:
j = None
return j, message[n+1:]
class timeout(Exception):
pass
import socket
import json
import ssl
import time
class SocketPipe:
def __init__(self, socket):
self.socket = socket
self.message = b''
self.set_timeout(0.1)
self.recv_time = time.time()
def set_timeout(self, t):
self.socket.settimeout(t)
def idle_time(self):
return time.time() - self.recv_time
def get(self):
while True:
response, self.message = parse_json(self.message)
if response is not None:
return response
try:
data = self.socket.recv(1024)
except socket.timeout:
raise timeout
except ssl.SSLError:
raise timeout
except socket.error as err:
if err.errno == 60:
raise timeout
elif err.errno in [11, 35, 10035]:
print_error("socket errno %d (resource temporarily unavailable)"% err.errno)
time.sleep(0.2)
raise timeout
else:
print_error("pipe: socket error", err)
data = b''
except:
traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
data = b''
if not data: # Connection closed remotely
return None
self.message += data
self.recv_time = time.time()
def send(self, request):
out = json.dumps(request) + '\n'
out = out.encode('utf8')
self._send(out)
def send_all(self, requests):
out = b''.join(map(lambda x: (json.dumps(x) + '\n').encode('utf8'), requests))
self._send(out)
def _send(self, out):
while out:
try:
sent = self.socket.send(out)
out = out[sent:]
except ssl.SSLError as e:
print_error("SSLError:", e)
time.sleep(0.1)
continue
except OSError as e:
print_error("OSError", e)
time.sleep(0.1)
continue
class QueuePipe:
def __init__(self, send_queue=None, get_queue=None):
self.send_queue = send_queue if send_queue else queue.Queue()
self.get_queue = get_queue if get_queue else queue.Queue()
self.set_timeout(0.1)
def get(self):
try:
return self.get_queue.get(timeout=self.timeout)
except queue.Empty:
raise timeout
def get_all(self):
responses = []
while True:
try:
r = self.get_queue.get_nowait()
responses.append(r)
except queue.Empty:
break
return responses
def set_timeout(self, t):
self.timeout = t
def send(self, request):
self.send_queue.put(request)
def send_all(self, requests):
for request in requests:
self.send(request)
def setup_thread_excepthook():
"""
Workaround for `sys.excepthook` thread bug from:
http://bugs.python.org/issue1230540
Call once from the main thread before creating any threads.
"""
init_original = threading.Thread.__init__
def init(self, *args, **kwargs):
init_original(self, *args, **kwargs)
run_original = self.run
def run_with_except_hook(*args2, **kwargs2):
try:
run_original(*args2, **kwargs2)
except Exception:
sys.excepthook(*sys.exc_info())
self.run = run_with_except_hook
threading.Thread.__init__ = init
def versiontuple(v):
return tuple(map(int, (v.split("."))))
def import_meta(path, validater, load_meta):
try:
with open(path, 'r') as f:
d = validater(json.loads(f.read()))
load_meta(d)
#backwards compatibility for JSONDecodeError
except ValueError:
traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
raise FileImportFailed(_("Invalid JSON code."))
except BaseException as e:
traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)
raise FileImportFailed(e)
def export_meta(meta, fileName):
try:
with open(fileName, 'w+') as f:
json.dump(meta, f, indent=4, sort_keys=True)
except (IOError, os.error) as e:
traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
raise FileExportFailed(e)