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/*
This file is part of cpp-ethereum.
cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with cpp-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/** @file Executive.cpp
* @author Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
* @date 2014
*/
#include "Executive.h"
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#include <boost/timer.hpp>
#include <libdevcore/CommonIO.h>
#include <libevm/VMFactory.h>
#include <libevm/VM.h>
#include "Interface.h"
#include "State.h"
#include "ExtVM.h"
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#include "Precompiled.h"
#include "BlockChain.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace dev;
using namespace dev::eth;
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const char* VMTraceChannel::name() { return "EVM"; }
const char* ExecutiveWarnChannel::name() { return WarnChannel::name(); }
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Executive::Executive(State& _s, BlockChain const& _bc, unsigned _level):
m_s(_s),
m_lastHashes(_bc.lastHashes((unsigned)_s.info().number - 1)),
m_depth(_level)
{}
u256 Executive::gasUsed() const
{
return m_t.gas() - m_gas;
}
ExecutionResult Executive::executionResult() const
{
return ExecutionResult(gasUsed(), m_excepted, m_newAddress, m_out, m_codeDeposit, m_ext ? m_ext->sub.refunds : 0, m_depositSize, m_gasForDeposit);
}
void Executive::accrueSubState(SubState& _parentContext)
{
if (m_ext)
_parentContext += m_ext->sub;
}
void Executive::initialize(Transaction const& _transaction)
{
m_t = _transaction;
// Avoid transactions that would take us beyond the block gas limit.
u256 startGasUsed = m_s.gasUsed();
if (startGasUsed + (bigint)m_t.gas() > m_s.m_currentBlock.gasLimit)
{
clog(ExecutiveWarnChannel) << "Too much gas used in this block: Require <" << (m_s.m_currentBlock.gasLimit - startGasUsed) << " Got" << m_t.gas();
m_excepted = TransactionException::BlockGasLimitReached;
BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(BlockGasLimitReached() << RequirementError((bigint)(m_s.m_currentBlock.gasLimit - startGasUsed), (bigint)m_t.gas()));
}
// Check gas cost is enough.
if (!m_t.checkPayment())
{
clog(ExecutiveWarnChannel) << "Not enough gas to pay for the transaction: Require >" << m_t.gasRequired() << " Got" << m_t.gas();
m_excepted = TransactionException::OutOfGas;
BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(OutOfGasBase() << RequirementError(m_t.gasRequired(), (bigint)m_t.gas()));
}
// Avoid invalid transactions.
u256 nonceReq;
try
{
nonceReq = m_s.transactionsFrom(m_t.sender());
}
catch (...)
{
clog(ExecutiveWarnChannel) << "Invalid Signature";
m_excepted = TransactionException::InvalidSignature;
throw;
}
if (m_t.nonce() != nonceReq)
{
clog(ExecutiveWarnChannel) << "Invalid Nonce: Require" << nonceReq << " Got" << m_t.nonce();
m_excepted = TransactionException::InvalidNonce;
BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidNonce() << RequirementError((bigint)nonceReq, (bigint)m_t.nonce()));
}
// Avoid unaffordable transactions.
m_gasCost = (bigint)m_t.gas() * m_t.gasPrice();
m_totalCost = m_t.value() + m_gasCost;
if (m_s.balance(m_t.sender()) < m_totalCost)
{
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clog(ExecutiveWarnChannel) << "Not enough cash: Require >" << m_totalCost << " Got" << m_s.balance(m_t.sender()) << "for sender: " << m_t.sender();
m_excepted = TransactionException::NotEnoughCash;
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BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(NotEnoughCash() << RequirementError(m_totalCost, (bigint)m_s.balance(m_t.sender())) << errinfo_comment(m_t.sender().abridged()));
}
}
bool Executive::execute()
{
// Entry point for a user-executed transaction.
// Increment associated nonce for sender.
m_s.noteSending(m_t.sender());
// Pay...
clog(StateDetail) << "Paying" << formatBalance(u256(m_gasCost)) << "from sender for gas (" << m_t.gas() << "gas at" << formatBalance(m_t.gasPrice()) << ")";
m_s.subBalance(m_t.sender(), m_gasCost);
if (m_t.isCreation())
return create(m_t.sender(), m_t.value(), m_t.gasPrice(), m_t.gas() - (u256)m_t.gasRequired(), &m_t.data(), m_t.sender());
else
return call(m_t.receiveAddress(), m_t.sender(), m_t.value(), m_t.gasPrice(), bytesConstRef(&m_t.data()), m_t.gas() - (u256)m_t.gasRequired());
}
bool Executive::call(Address _receiveAddress, Address _senderAddress, u256 _value, u256 _gasPrice, bytesConstRef _data, u256 _gas)
{
CallParameters params{_senderAddress, _receiveAddress, _receiveAddress, _gas, _value, _data, {}, {}};
return call(params, _gasPrice, _senderAddress);
}
bool Executive::call(CallParameters const& _p, u256 const& _gasPrice, Address const& _origin)
{
m_isCreation = false;
auto it = !(_p.codeAddress & ~h160(0xffffffff)) ? precompiled().find((unsigned)(u160)_p.codeAddress) : precompiled().end();
if (it != precompiled().end())
{
bigint g = it->second.gas(_p.data);
if (_p.gas < g)
{
m_excepted = TransactionException::OutOfGasBase;
// Bail from exception.
return true; // true actually means "all finished - nothing more to be done regarding go().
}
else
{
m_gas = (u256)(_p.gas - g);
m_precompiledOut = it->second.exec(_p.data);
m_out = &m_precompiledOut;
}
}
else
{
m_gas = _p.gas;
if (m_s.addressHasCode(_p.codeAddress))
{
m_vm = VMFactory::create();
bytes const& c = m_s.code(_p.codeAddress);
m_ext = make_shared<ExtVM>(m_s, m_lastHashes, _p.receiveAddress, _p.senderAddress, _origin, _p.value, _gasPrice, _p.data, &c, m_depth);
}
}
m_s.transferBalance(_p.senderAddress, _p.receiveAddress, _p.value);
return !m_ext;
}
bool Executive::create(Address _sender, u256 _endowment, u256 _gasPrice, u256 _gas, bytesConstRef _init, Address _origin)
{
m_isCreation = true;
// We can allow for the reverted state (i.e. that with which m_ext is constructed) to contain the m_newAddress, since
// we delete it explicitly if we decide we need to revert.
m_newAddress = right160(sha3(rlpList(_sender, m_s.transactionsFrom(_sender) - 1)));
m_gas = _gas;
// Execute _init.
if (!_init.empty())
{
m_vm = VMFactory::create();
m_ext = make_shared<ExtVM>(m_s, m_lastHashes, m_newAddress, _sender, _origin, _endowment, _gasPrice, bytesConstRef(), _init, m_depth);
}
m_s.m_cache[m_newAddress] = Account(m_s.balance(m_newAddress), Account::ContractConception);
m_s.transferBalance(_sender, m_newAddress, _endowment);
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if (_init.empty())
m_s.m_cache[m_newAddress].setCode({});
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return !m_ext;
}
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OnOpFunc Executive::simpleTrace()
{
return [](uint64_t steps, Instruction inst, bigint newMemSize, bigint gasCost, bigint gas, VM* voidVM, ExtVMFace const* voidExt)
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{
ExtVM const& ext = *static_cast<ExtVM const*>(voidExt);
VM& vm = *voidVM;
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ostringstream o;
o << endl << " STACK" << endl;
for (auto i: vm.stack())
o << (h256)i << endl;
o << " MEMORY" << endl << ((vm.memory().size() > 1000) ? " mem size greater than 1000 bytes " : memDump(vm.memory()));
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o << " STORAGE" << endl;
for (auto const& i: ext.state().storage(ext.myAddress))
o << showbase << hex << i.first << ": " << i.second << endl;
dev::LogOutputStream<VMTraceChannel, false>() << o.str();
dev::LogOutputStream<VMTraceChannel, false>() << " < " << dec << ext.depth << " : " << ext.myAddress << " : #" << steps << " : " << hex << setw(4) << setfill('0') << vm.curPC() << " : " << instructionInfo(inst).name << " : " << dec << gas << " : -" << dec << gasCost << " : " << newMemSize << "x32" << " >";
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};
}
OnOpFunc Executive::standardTrace(ostream& o_output)
{
return [&](uint64_t steps, Instruction inst, bigint newMemSize, bigint gasCost, bigint gas, VM* voidVM, ExtVMFace const* voidExt)
{
ExtVM const& ext = *static_cast<ExtVM const*>(voidExt);
VM& vm = *voidVM;
o_output << endl << " STACK" << endl;
for (auto i: vm.stack())
o_output << (h256)i << endl;
o_output << " MEMORY" << endl << ((vm.memory().size() > 1000) ? " mem size greater than 1000 bytes " : memDump(vm.memory()));
o_output << " STORAGE" << endl;
for (auto const& i: ext.state().storage(ext.myAddress))
o_output << showbase << hex << i.first << ": " << i.second << endl;
o_output << " < " << dec << ext.depth << " : " << ext.myAddress << " : #" << steps << " : " << hex << setw(4) << setfill('0') << vm.curPC() << " : " << instructionInfo(inst).name << " : " << dec << gas << " : -" << dec << gasCost << " : " << newMemSize << "x32" << " >";
};
}
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bool Executive::go(OnOpFunc const& _onOp)
{
if (m_vm)
{
#if ETH_TIMED_EXECUTIONS
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boost::timer t;
#endif
try
{
m_out = m_vm->go(m_gas, *m_ext, _onOp);
if (m_isCreation)
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{
m_gasForDeposit = m_gas;
m_depositSize = m_out.size();
if (m_out.size() * c_createDataGas <= m_gas)
{
m_codeDeposit = CodeDeposit::Success;
m_gas -= m_out.size() * c_createDataGas;
}
else
{
m_codeDeposit = CodeDeposit::Failed;
m_out.reset();
}
m_s.m_cache[m_newAddress].setCode(m_out.toBytes());
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}
}
catch (StepsDone const&)
{
return false;
}
catch (VMException const& _e)
{
clog(StateSafeExceptions) << "Safe VM Exception. " << diagnostic_information(_e);
m_gas = 0;
m_excepted = toTransactionException(_e);
m_ext->revert();
if (m_isCreation)
m_newAddress = Address();
}
catch (Exception const& _e)
{
// TODO: AUDIT: check that this can never reasonably happen. Consider what to do if it does.
cwarn << "Unexpected exception in VM. There may be a bug in this implementation. " << diagnostic_information(_e);
}
catch (std::exception const& _e)
{
// TODO: AUDIT: check that this can never reasonably happen. Consider what to do if it does.
cwarn << "Unexpected std::exception in VM. This is probably unrecoverable. " << _e.what();
}
#if ETH_TIMED_EXECUTIONS
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cnote << "VM took:" << t.elapsed() << "; gas used: " << (sgas - m_endGas);
#endif
}
return true;
}
void Executive::finalize()
{
// Accumulate refunds for suicides.
if (m_ext)
m_ext->sub.refunds += c_suicideRefundGas * m_ext->sub.suicides.size();
// SSTORE refunds...
// must be done before the miner gets the fees.
if (m_ext)
m_gas += min((m_t.gas() - m_gas) / 2, m_ext->sub.refunds);
// cnote << "Refunding" << formatBalance(m_endGas * m_ext->gasPrice) << "to origin (=" << m_endGas << "*" << formatBalance(m_ext->gasPrice) << ")";
m_s.addBalance(m_t.sender(), m_gas * m_t.gasPrice());
u256 feesEarned = (m_t.gas() - m_gas) * m_t.gasPrice();
m_s.addBalance(m_s.m_currentBlock.coinbaseAddress, feesEarned);
// Suicides...
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if (m_ext)
for (auto a: m_ext->sub.suicides)
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m_s.m_cache[a].kill();
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// Logs..
if (m_ext)
m_logs = m_ext->sub.logs;
}