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/*
This file is part of cpp-ethereum.
cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with cpp-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/**
* @file ControlFlowGraph.cpp
* @author Christian <c@ethdev.com>
* @date 2015
* Control flow analysis for the optimizer.
*/
#include <libevmasm/ControlFlowGraph.h>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <algorithm>
#include <libevmasm/Exceptions.h>
#include <libevmasm/AssemblyItem.h>
#include <libevmasm/SemanticInformation.h>
#include <libevmasm/KnownState.h>
using namespace std;
using namespace dev;
using namespace dev::eth;
BlockId::BlockId(u256 const& _id): m_id(_id)
{
assertThrow( _id < initial().m_id, OptimizerException, "Tag number too large.");
}
BasicBlocks ControlFlowGraph::optimisedBlocks()
{
if (m_items.empty())
return BasicBlocks();
findLargestTag();
splitBlocks();
resolveNextLinks();
removeUnusedBlocks();
setPrevLinks();
gatherKnowledge();
return rebuildCode();
}
void ControlFlowGraph::findLargestTag()
{
m_lastUsedId = 0;
for (auto const& item: m_items)
if (item.type() == Tag || item.type() == PushTag)
{
// Assert that it can be converted.
BlockId(item.data());
m_lastUsedId = max(unsigned(item.data()), m_lastUsedId);
}
}
void ControlFlowGraph::splitBlocks()
{
m_blocks.clear();
BlockId id = BlockId::initial();
m_blocks[id].begin = 0;
for (size_t index = 0; index < m_items.size(); ++index)
{
AssemblyItem const& item = m_items.at(index);
if (item.type() == Tag)
{
if (id)
m_blocks[id].end = index;
id = BlockId::invalid();
}
if (!id)
{
id = item.type() == Tag ? BlockId(item.data()) : generateNewId();
m_blocks[id].begin = index;
}
if (item.type() == PushTag)
m_blocks[id].pushedTags.push_back(BlockId(item.data()));
if (SemanticInformation::altersControlFlow(item))
{
m_blocks[id].end = index + 1;
if (item == Instruction::JUMP)
m_blocks[id].endType = BasicBlock::EndType::JUMP;
else if (item == Instruction::JUMPI)
m_blocks[id].endType = BasicBlock::EndType::JUMPI;
else
m_blocks[id].endType = BasicBlock::EndType::STOP;
id = BlockId::invalid();
}
}
if (id)
{
m_blocks[id].end = m_items.size();
if (m_blocks[id].endType == BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER)
m_blocks[id].endType = BasicBlock::EndType::STOP;
}
}
void ControlFlowGraph::resolveNextLinks()
{
map<unsigned, BlockId> blockByBeginPos;
for (auto const& idAndBlock: m_blocks)
if (idAndBlock.second.begin != idAndBlock.second.end)
blockByBeginPos[idAndBlock.second.begin] = idAndBlock.first;
for (auto& idAndBlock: m_blocks)
{
BasicBlock& block = idAndBlock.second;
switch (block.endType)
{
case BasicBlock::EndType::JUMPI:
case BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER:
assertThrow(
blockByBeginPos.count(block.end),
OptimizerException,
"Successor block not found."
);
block.next = blockByBeginPos.at(block.end);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
void ControlFlowGraph::removeUnusedBlocks()
{
vector<BlockId> blocksToProcess{BlockId::initial()};
set<BlockId> neededBlocks{BlockId::initial()};
while (!blocksToProcess.empty())
{
BasicBlock const& block = m_blocks.at(blocksToProcess.back());
blocksToProcess.pop_back();
for (BlockId tag: block.pushedTags)
if (!neededBlocks.count(tag) && m_blocks.count(tag))
{
neededBlocks.insert(tag);
blocksToProcess.push_back(tag);
}
if (block.next && !neededBlocks.count(block.next))
{
neededBlocks.insert(block.next);
blocksToProcess.push_back(block.next);
}
}
for (auto it = m_blocks.begin(); it != m_blocks.end();)
if (neededBlocks.count(it->first))
++it;
else
m_blocks.erase(it++);
}
void ControlFlowGraph::setPrevLinks()
{
for (auto& idAndBlock: m_blocks)
{
BasicBlock& block = idAndBlock.second;
switch (block.endType)
{
case BasicBlock::EndType::JUMPI:
case BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER:
assertThrow(
!m_blocks.at(block.next).prev,
OptimizerException,
"Successor already has predecessor."
);
m_blocks[block.next].prev = idAndBlock.first;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
// If block ends with jump to not yet linked block, link them removing the jump
for (auto& idAndBlock: m_blocks)
{
BlockId blockId = idAndBlock.first;
BasicBlock& block = idAndBlock.second;
if (block.endType != BasicBlock::EndType::JUMP || block.end - block.begin < 2)
continue;
AssemblyItem const& push = m_items.at(block.end - 2);
if (push.type() != PushTag)
continue;
BlockId nextId(push.data());
if (m_blocks.count(nextId) && m_blocks.at(nextId).prev)
continue;
bool hasLoop = false;
for (BlockId id = nextId; id && m_blocks.count(id) && !hasLoop; id = m_blocks.at(id).next)
hasLoop = (id == blockId);
if (hasLoop || !m_blocks.count(nextId))
continue;
m_blocks[nextId].prev = blockId;
block.next = nextId;
block.end -= 2;
assertThrow(
!block.pushedTags.empty() && block.pushedTags.back() == nextId,
OptimizerException,
"Last pushed tag not at end of pushed list."
);
block.pushedTags.pop_back();
block.endType = BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER;
}
}
void ControlFlowGraph::gatherKnowledge()
{
// @todo actually we know that memory is filled with zeros at the beginning,
// we could make use of that.
KnownStatePointer emptyState = make_shared<KnownState>();
bool unknownJumpEncountered = false;
vector<pair<BlockId, KnownStatePointer>> workQueue({make_pair(BlockId::initial(), emptyState->copy())});
while (!workQueue.empty())
{
//@todo we might have to do something like incrementing the sequence number for each JUMPDEST
assertThrow(!!workQueue.back().first, OptimizerException, "");
if (!m_blocks.count(workQueue.back().first))
{
workQueue.pop_back();
continue; // too bad, we do not know the tag, probably an invalid jump
}
BasicBlock& block = m_blocks.at(workQueue.back().first);
KnownStatePointer state = workQueue.back().second;
workQueue.pop_back();
if (block.startState)
{
state->reduceToCommonKnowledge(*block.startState);
if (*state == *block.startState)
continue;
}
block.startState = state->copy();
// Feed all items except for the final jump yet because it will erase the target tag.
unsigned pc = block.begin;
while (pc < block.end && !SemanticInformation::altersControlFlow(m_items.at(pc)))
state->feedItem(m_items.at(pc++));
if (
block.endType == BasicBlock::EndType::JUMP ||
block.endType == BasicBlock::EndType::JUMPI
)
{
assertThrow(block.begin <= pc && pc == block.end - 1, OptimizerException, "");
//@todo in the case of JUMPI, add knowledge about the condition to the state
// (for both values of the condition)
set<u256> tags = state->tagsInExpression(
state->stackElement(state->stackHeight(), SourceLocation())
);
state->feedItem(m_items.at(pc++));
if (tags.empty())
{
if (!unknownJumpEncountered)
{
// We do not know the target of this jump, so we have to reset the states of all
// JUMPDESTs.
unknownJumpEncountered = true;
for (auto const& it: m_blocks)
if (it.second.begin < it.second.end && m_items[it.second.begin].type() == Tag)
workQueue.push_back(make_pair(it.first, emptyState->copy()));
}
}
else
for (auto tag: tags)
workQueue.push_back(make_pair(BlockId(tag), state->copy()));
}
else if (block.begin <= pc && pc < block.end)
state->feedItem(m_items.at(pc++));
assertThrow(block.end <= block.begin || pc == block.end, OptimizerException, "");
block.endState = state;
if (
block.endType == BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER ||
block.endType == BasicBlock::EndType::JUMPI
)
workQueue.push_back(make_pair(block.next, state->copy()));
}
// Remove all blocks we never visited here. This might happen because a tag is pushed but
// never used for a JUMP.
// Note that this invalidates some contents of pushedTags
for (auto it = m_blocks.begin(); it != m_blocks.end();)
if (!it->second.startState)
it = m_blocks.erase(it);
else
it++;
}
BasicBlocks ControlFlowGraph::rebuildCode()
{
map<BlockId, unsigned> pushes;
for (auto& idAndBlock: m_blocks)
for (BlockId ref: idAndBlock.second.pushedTags)
if (m_blocks.count(ref))
pushes[ref]++;
set<BlockId> blocksToAdd;
for (auto it: m_blocks)
blocksToAdd.insert(it.first);
set<BlockId> blocksAdded;
BasicBlocks blocks;
for (
BlockId blockId = BlockId::initial();
blockId;
blockId = blocksToAdd.empty() ? BlockId::invalid() : *blocksToAdd.begin()
)
{
bool previousHandedOver = (blockId == BlockId::initial());
while (m_blocks.at(blockId).prev)
blockId = m_blocks.at(blockId).prev;
for (; blockId; blockId = m_blocks.at(blockId).next)
{
BasicBlock& block = m_blocks.at(blockId);
blocksToAdd.erase(blockId);
blocksAdded.insert(blockId);
if (block.begin == block.end)
continue;
// If block starts with unused tag, skip it.
if (previousHandedOver && !pushes[blockId] && m_items[block.begin].type() == Tag)
++block.begin;
if (block.begin < block.end)
{
blocks.push_back(block);
blocks.back().startState->clearTagUnions();
blocks.back().endState->clearTagUnions();
}
previousHandedOver = (block.endType == BasicBlock::EndType::HANDOVER);
}
}
return blocks;
}
BlockId ControlFlowGraph::generateNewId()
{
BlockId id = BlockId(++m_lastUsedId);
assertThrow(id < BlockId::initial(), OptimizerException, "Out of block IDs.");
return id;
}