ethminer/libethcore/FixedHash.h

/*
	This file is part of cpp-ethereum.

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	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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	cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	GNU General Public License for more details.

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*/
/** @file FixedHash.h
 * @author Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
 * @date 2014
 *
 * The FixedHash fixed-size "hash" container type.
 */

#pragma once

#include <array>
#include <algorithm>
#include "CommonData.h"

namespace eth
{

/// Fixed-size raw-byte array container type, with an API optimised for storing hashes.
/// Transparently converts to/from the corresponding arithmetic type; this will
/// assume the data contained in the hash is big-endian.
template <unsigned N>
class FixedHash
{
	/// The corresponding arithmetic type.
	using Arith = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_int_backend<N * 8, N * 8, boost::multiprecision::unsigned_magnitude, boost::multiprecision::unchecked, void>>;

public:
	/// The size of the container.
	enum { size = N };

	/// A dummy flag to avoid accidental construction from pointer.
	enum ConstructFromPointerType { ConstructFromPointer };

	/// Method to convert from a string.
	enum ConstructFromStringType { FromHex, FromBinary };

	/// Construct an empty hash.
	FixedHash() { m_data.fill(0); }

	/// Convert from the corresponding arithmetic type.
	FixedHash(Arith const& _arith) { toBigEndian(_arith, m_data); }

	/// Explicitly construct, copying from a byte array.
	explicit FixedHash(bytes const& _b) { if (_b.size() == N) memcpy(m_data.data(), _b.data(), std::min<uint>(_b.size(), N)); }

	/// Explicitly construct, copying from a bytes in memory with given pointer.
	explicit FixedHash(byte const* _bs, ConstructFromPointerType) { memcpy(m_data.data(), _bs, N); }

	/// Explicitly construct, copying from a  string.
	explicit FixedHash(std::string const& _s, ConstructFromStringType _t = FromHex): FixedHash(_t == FromHex ? fromHex(_s) : eth::asBytes(_s)) {}

	/// Convert to arithmetic type.
	operator Arith() const { return fromBigEndian<Arith>(m_data); }

	/// @returns true iff this is the empty hash.
	operator bool() const { return ((Arith)*this) != 0; }

	// The obvious comparison operators.
	bool operator==(FixedHash const& _c) const { return m_data == _c.m_data; }
	bool operator!=(FixedHash const& _c) const { return m_data != _c.m_data; }
	bool operator<(FixedHash const& _c) const { return m_data < _c.m_data; }

	// The obvious binary operators.
	FixedHash& operator^=(FixedHash const& _c) { for (auto i = 0; i < N; ++i) m_data[i] ^= _c.m_data[i]; return *this; }
	FixedHash operator^(FixedHash const& _c) const { return FixedHash(*this) ^= _c; }
	FixedHash& operator|=(FixedHash const& _c) { for (auto i = 0; i < N; ++i) m_data[i] |= _c.m_data[i]; return *this; }
	FixedHash operator|(FixedHash const& _c) const { return FixedHash(*this) |= _c; }
	FixedHash& operator&=(FixedHash const& _c) { for (auto i = 0; i < N; ++i) m_data[i] &= _c.m_data[i]; return *this; }
	FixedHash operator&(FixedHash const& _c) const { return FixedHash(*this) &= _c; }
	FixedHash& operator~() { for (auto i = 0; i < N; ++i) m_data[i] = ~m_data[i]; return *this; }

	/// @returns a particular byte from the hash.
	byte& operator[](unsigned _i) { return m_data[_i]; }
	/// @returns a particular byte from the hash.
	byte operator[](unsigned _i) const { return m_data[_i]; }

	/// @returns an abridged version of the hash as a user-readable hex string.
	std::string abridged() const { return toHex(ref().cropped(0, 4)) + ".."; }

	/// @returns a mutable byte vector_ref to the object's data.
	bytesRef ref() { return bytesRef(m_data.data(), N); }

	/// @returns a constant byte vector_ref to the object's data.
	bytesConstRef ref() const { return bytesConstRef(m_data.data(), N); }

	/// @returns a mutable byte pointer to the object's data.
	byte* data() { return m_data.data(); }

	/// @returns a constant byte pointer to the object's data.
	byte const* data() const { return m_data.data(); }

	/// @returns a copy of the object's data as a byte vector.
	bytes asBytes() const { return bytes(data(), data() + N); }

	/// @returns a mutable reference to the object's data as an STL array.
	std::array<byte, N>& asArray() { return m_data; }

	/// @returns a constant reference to the object's data as an STL array.
	std::array<byte, N> const& asArray() const { return m_data; }

	/// A generic std::hash compatible function object.
	struct hash
	{
		/// Make a hash of the object's data.
		size_t operator()(FixedHash const& value) const
		{
			size_t h = 0;
			for (auto i: value.m_data)
				h = (h << (5 - h)) + i;
			return h;
		}
	};

private:
	std::array<byte, N> m_data;		///< The binary data.
};


/// Fast equality operator for h256.
template<> inline bool FixedHash<32>::operator==(FixedHash<32> const& _other) const
{
	const uint64_t* hash1 = (const uint64_t*)this->data();
	const uint64_t* hash2 = (const uint64_t*)_other.data();
	return (hash1[0] == hash2[0]) && (hash1[1] == hash2[1]) && (hash1[2] == hash2[2]) && (hash1[3] == hash2[3]);
}

/// Fast std::hash compatible hash function object for h256.
template<> inline size_t FixedHash<32>::hash::operator()(FixedHash<32> const& value) const
{
	const uint64_t*data = (const uint64_t*)value.data();
	uint64_t hash = data[0];
	hash ^= data[1];
	hash ^= data[2];
	hash ^= data[3];
	return (size_t)hash;
}

/// Stream I/O for the FixedHash class.
template <unsigned N>
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& _out, FixedHash<N> const& _h)
{
	_out << std::noshowbase << std::hex << std::setfill('0');
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < N; ++i)
		_out << std::setw(2) << (int)_h[i];
	_out << std::dec;
	return _out;
}

// Common types of FixedHash.
using h512 = FixedHash<64>;
using h256 = FixedHash<32>;
using h160 = FixedHash<20>;
using h256s = std::vector<h256>;
using h160s = std::vector<h160>;
using h256Set = std::set<h256>;
using h160Set = std::set<h160>;

/// Convert the given value into h160 (160-bit unsigned integer) using the right 20 bytes.
inline h160 right160(h256 const& _t)
{
	h160 ret;
	memcpy(ret.data(), _t.data() + 12, 20);
	return ret;
}

/// Convert the given value into h160 (160-bit unsigned integer) using the left 20 bytes.
inline h160 left160(h256 const& _t)
{
	h160 ret;
	memcpy(&ret[0], _t.data(), 20);
	return ret;
}

// SHA-3 convenience routines.

/// Calculate SHA3-256 hash of the given input and load it into the given output.
void sha3(bytesConstRef _input, bytesRef _output);

/// Calculate SHA3-256 hash of the given input, possibly interpreting it as nibbles, and return the hash as a string filled with binary data.
std::string sha3(std::string const& _input, bool _isNibbles);

/// Calculate SHA3-256 hash of the given input, returning as a byte array.
bytes sha3Bytes(bytesConstRef _input);

/// Calculate SHA3-256 hash of the given input (presented as a binary string), returning as a byte array.
inline bytes sha3Bytes(std::string const& _input) { return sha3Bytes((std::string*)&_input); }

/// Calculate SHA3-256 hash of the given input, returning as a byte array.
inline bytes sha3Bytes(bytes const& _input) { return sha3Bytes((bytes*)&_input); }

/// Calculate SHA3-256 hash of the given input, returning as a 256-bit hash.
h256 sha3(bytesConstRef _input);

/// Calculate SHA3-256 hash of the given input, returning as a 256-bit hash.
inline h256 sha3(bytes const& _input) { return sha3(bytesConstRef((bytes*)&_input)); }

/// Calculate SHA3-256 hash of the given input (presented as a binary-filled string), returning as a 256-bit hash.
inline h256 sha3(std::string const& _input) { return sha3(bytesConstRef(_input)); }

extern h256 EmptySHA3;

}

namespace std
{
	/// Forward std::hash<eth::h256> to eth::h256::hash.
	template<> struct hash<eth::h256>: eth::h256::hash {};
}