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#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include "util.h"
#include "bignum.h"
#include "opcodes.h"
struct programAux {
std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
int nextVarMem;
bool allocUsed;
bool calldataUsed;
int step;
int labelLength;
int functionCount;
};
struct programVerticalAux {
int height;
std::map<std::string, int> dupvars;
std::map<std::string, int> funvars;
};
struct programData {
programAux aux;
Node code;
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int outs;
};
programAux Aux() {
programAux o;
o.allocUsed = false;
o.calldataUsed = false;
o.step = 0;
o.nextVarMem = 32;
o.functionCount = 0;
return o;
}
programVerticalAux verticalAux() {
programVerticalAux o;
o.height = 0;
o.dupvars = std::map<std::string, int>();
o.funvars = std::map<std::string, int>();
return o;
}
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programData pd(programAux aux = Aux(), Node code=token("_"), int outs=0) {
programData o;
o.aux = aux;
o.code = code;
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o.outs = outs;
return o;
}
Node multiToken(Node nodes[], int len, Metadata met) {
std::vector<Node> out;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
out.push_back(nodes[i]);
}
return astnode("_", out, met);
}
Node finalize(programData c);
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Node popwrap(Node node) {
Node nodelist[] = {
node,
token("POP", node.metadata)
};
return multiToken(nodelist, 2, node.metadata);
}
// Turns LLL tree into tree of code fragments
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programData opcodeify(Node node,
programAux aux=Aux(),
programVerticalAux vaux=verticalAux()) {
std::string symb = "_"+mkUniqueToken();
Metadata m = node.metadata;
// Numbers
if (node.type == TOKEN) {
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return pd(aux, nodeToNumeric(node), 1);
}
else if (node.val == "ref" || node.val == "get" ||
node.val == "set" || node.val == "declare") {
std::string varname = node.args[0].val;
if (!aux.vars.count(varname)) {
aux.vars[varname] = unsignedToDecimal(aux.nextVarMem);
aux.nextVarMem += 32;
}
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if (varname == "'msg.data") aux.calldataUsed = true;
// Set variable
if (node.val == "set") {
programData sub = opcodeify(node.args[1], aux, vaux);
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if (!sub.outs)
err("Value to set variable must have nonzero arity!", m);
if (vaux.dupvars.count(node.args[0].val)) {
int h = vaux.height - vaux.dupvars[node.args[0].val];
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if (h > 16) err("Too deep for stack variable (max 16)", m);
Node nodelist[] = {
sub.code,
token("SWAP"+unsignedToDecimal(h), m),
token("POP", m)
};
return pd(sub.aux, multiToken(nodelist, 3, m), 0);
}
Node nodelist[] = {
sub.code,
token(sub.aux.vars[varname], m),
token("MSTORE", m),
};
return pd(sub.aux, multiToken(nodelist, 3, m), 0);
}
// Get variable
else if (node.val == "get") {
if (vaux.dupvars.count(node.args[0].val)) {
int h = vaux.height - vaux.dupvars[node.args[0].val];
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if (h > 16) err("Too deep for stack variable (max 16)", m);
return pd(aux, token("DUP"+unsignedToDecimal(h)), 1);
}
Node nodelist[] =
{ token(aux.vars[varname], m), token("MLOAD", m) };
return pd(aux, multiToken(nodelist, 2, m), 1);
}
// Refer variable
else if (node.val == "ref") {
if (vaux.dupvars.count(node.args[0].val))
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err("Cannot ref stack variable!", m);
return pd(aux, token(aux.vars[varname], m), 1);
}
// Declare variable
else {
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return pd(aux, multiToken(nullptr, 0, m), 0);
}
}
// Define functions (TODO: eventually move to rewriter.cpp, keep
// compiler pure LLL)
if (node.val == "def") {
std::vector<std::string> varNames;
std::vector<int> varSizes;
bool useLt32 = false;
int totalSz = 0;
if (node.args.size() != 2)
err("Malformed def!", m);
// Collect the list of variable names and variable byte counts
for (unsigned i = 0; i < node.args[0].args.size(); i++) {
if (node.args[0].args[i].val == "kv") {
if (node.args[0].args[i].args.size() != 2)
err("Malformed def!", m);
varNames.push_back(node.args[0].args[i].args[0].val);
varSizes.push_back(
decimalToUnsigned(node.args[0].args[i].args[1].val));
if (varSizes.back() > 32)
err("Max argument width: 32 bytes", m);
useLt32 = true;
}
else {
varNames.push_back(node.args[0].args[i].val);
varSizes.push_back(32);
}
aux.vars[varNames.back()] = unsignedToDecimal(aux.nextVarMem + 32 * i);
totalSz += varSizes.back();
}
int functionCount = aux.functionCount;
int nextVarMem = aux.nextVarMem;
aux.nextVarMem += 32 * varNames.size();
aux.functionCount += 1;
programData inner;
// If we're only using 32-byte variables, then great, just copy
// over the calldata!
if (!useLt32) {
programData sub = opcodeify(node.args[1], aux, vaux);
Node nodelist[] = {
token(unsignedToDecimal(totalSz), m),
token("1", m),
token(unsignedToDecimal(nextVarMem), m),
token("CALLDATACOPY", m),
sub.code
};
inner = pd(sub.aux, multiToken(nodelist, 5, m), 0);
}
else {
std::vector<Node> innerList;
int cum = 1;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < varNames.size();) {
// If we get a series of 32-byte values, we calldatacopy them
if (varSizes[i] == 32) {
unsigned until = i+1;
while (until < varNames.size() && varSizes[until] == 32)
until += 1;
innerList.push_back(token(unsignedToDecimal((until - i) * 32), m));
innerList.push_back(token(unsignedToDecimal(cum), m));
innerList.push_back(token(unsignedToDecimal(nextVarMem + i * 32), m));
innerList.push_back(token("CALLDATACOPY", m));
cum += (until - i) * 32;
i = until;
}
// Otherwise, we do a clever trick to extract the value
else {
innerList.push_back(token(unsignedToDecimal(32 - varSizes[i]), m));
innerList.push_back(token("256", m));
innerList.push_back(token("EXP", m));
innerList.push_back(token(unsignedToDecimal(cum), m));
innerList.push_back(token("CALLDATALOAD", m));
innerList.push_back(token("DIV", m));
innerList.push_back(token(unsignedToDecimal(nextVarMem + i * 32), m));
innerList.push_back(token("MSTORE", m));
cum += varSizes[i];
i += 1;
}
}
// If caller == origin, then it's from a tx, so unpack, otherwise
// plain copy
programData sub = opcodeify(node.args[1], aux, vaux);
Node ilnode = astnode("", innerList, m);
Node nodelist[] = {
token(unsignedToDecimal(32 * varNames.size()), m),
token("1", m),
token(unsignedToDecimal(nextVarMem), m),
token("CALLDATACOPY", m),
token("CALLER", m),
token("ORIGIN", m),
token("EQ", m),
token("ISZERO", m),
token("$maincode"+symb, m),
token("JUMPI", m),
ilnode,
token("~maincode"+symb, m),
token("JUMPDEST", m),
sub.code
};
inner = pd(sub.aux, multiToken(nodelist, 14, m), 0);
}
// Check if the function call byte is the same
Node nodelist2[] = {
token("0", m),
token("CALLDATALOAD", m),
token("0", m),
token("BYTE", m),
token(unsignedToDecimal(functionCount), m),
token("EQ", m),
token("ISZERO", m),
token("$endcode"+symb, m),
token("JUMPI", m),
inner.code,
token("~endcode"+symb, m),
token("JUMPDEST", m),
};
return pd(inner.aux, multiToken(nodelist2, 12, m), 0);
}
// Code blocks
if (node.val == "lll" && node.args.size() == 2) {
if (node.args[1].val != "0") aux.allocUsed = true;
std::vector<Node> o;
o.push_back(finalize(opcodeify(node.args[0])));
programData sub = opcodeify(node.args[1], aux, vaux);
Node code = astnode("____CODE", o, m);
Node nodelist[] = {
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token("$begincode"+symb+".endcode"+symb, m), token("DUP1", m),
token("$begincode"+symb, m), sub.code, token("CODECOPY", m),
token("$endcode"+symb, m), token("JUMP", m),
token("~begincode"+symb, m), code,
token("~endcode"+symb, m), token("JUMPDEST", m)
};
return pd(sub.aux, multiToken(nodelist, 11, m), 1);
}
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// Stack variables
if (node.val == "with") {
programData initial = opcodeify(node.args[1], aux, vaux);
programVerticalAux vaux2 = vaux;
vaux2.dupvars[node.args[0].val] = vaux.height;
vaux2.height += 1;
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if (!initial.outs)
err("Initial variable value must have nonzero arity!", m);
programData sub = opcodeify(node.args[2], initial.aux, vaux2);
Node nodelist[] = {
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initial.code,
sub.code
};
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programData o = pd(sub.aux, multiToken(nodelist, 2, m), sub.outs);
if (sub.outs)
o.code.args.push_back(token("SWAP1", m));
o.code.args.push_back(token("POP", m));
return o;
}
// Seq of multiple statements
if (node.val == "seq") {
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std::vector<Node> children;
int lastOut = 0;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < node.args.size(); i++) {
programData sub = opcodeify(node.args[i], aux, vaux);
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aux = sub.aux;
if (sub.outs == 1) {
if (i < node.args.size() - 1) sub.code = popwrap(sub.code);
else lastOut = 1;
}
children.push_back(sub.code);
}
return pd(aux, astnode("_", children, m), lastOut);
}
// 2-part conditional (if gets rewritten to unless in rewrites)
else if (node.val == "unless" && node.args.size() == 2) {
programData cond = opcodeify(node.args[0], aux, vaux);
programData action = opcodeify(node.args[1], cond.aux, vaux);
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aux = action.aux;
if (!cond.outs) err("Condition of if/unless statement has arity 0", m);
if (action.outs) action.code = popwrap(action.code);
Node nodelist[] = {
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cond.code,
token("$endif"+symb, m), token("JUMPI", m),
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action.code,
token("~endif"+symb, m), token("JUMPDEST", m)
};
return pd(aux, multiToken(nodelist, 6, m), 0);
}
// 3-part conditional
else if (node.val == "if" && node.args.size() == 3) {
programData ifd = opcodeify(node.args[0], aux, vaux);
programData thend = opcodeify(node.args[1], ifd.aux, vaux);
programData elsed = opcodeify(node.args[2], thend.aux, vaux);
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aux = elsed.aux;
if (!ifd.outs)
err("Condition of if/unless statement has arity 0", m);
// Handle cases where one conditional outputs something
// and the other does not
int outs = (thend.outs && elsed.outs) ? 1 : 0;
if (thend.outs > outs) thend.code = popwrap(thend.code);
if (elsed.outs > outs) elsed.code = popwrap(elsed.code);
Node nodelist[] = {
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ifd.code,
token("ISZERO", m),
token("$else"+symb, m), token("JUMPI", m),
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thend.code,
token("$endif"+symb, m), token("JUMP", m),
token("~else"+symb, m), token("JUMPDEST", m),
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elsed.code,
token("~endif"+symb, m), token("JUMPDEST", m)
};
return pd(aux, multiToken(nodelist, 12, m), outs);
}
// While (rewritten to this in rewrites)
else if (node.val == "until") {
programData cond = opcodeify(node.args[0], aux, vaux);
programData action = opcodeify(node.args[1], cond.aux, vaux);
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aux = action.aux;
if (!cond.outs)
err("Condition of while/until loop has arity 0", m);
if (action.outs) action.code = popwrap(action.code);
Node nodelist[] = {
token("~beg"+symb, m), token("JUMPDEST", m),
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cond.code,
token("$end"+symb, m), token("JUMPI", m),
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action.code,
token("$beg"+symb, m), token("JUMP", m),
token("~end"+symb, m), token("JUMPDEST", m),
};
return pd(aux, multiToken(nodelist, 10, m));
}
// Memory allocations
else if (node.val == "alloc") {
programData bytez = opcodeify(node.args[0], aux, vaux);
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aux = bytez.aux;
if (!bytez.outs)
err("Alloc input has arity 0", m);
aux.allocUsed = true;
Node nodelist[] = {
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bytez.code,
token("MSIZE", m), token("SWAP1", m), token("MSIZE", m),
token("ADD", m),
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token("0", m), token("SWAP1", m), token("MSTORE", m)
};
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return pd(aux, multiToken(nodelist, 8, m), 1);
}
// Array literals
else if (node.val == "array_lit") {
aux.allocUsed = true;
std::vector<Node> nodes;
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if (!node.args.size()) {
nodes.push_back(token("MSIZE", m));
return pd(aux, astnode("_", nodes, m));
}
nodes.push_back(token("MSIZE", m));
nodes.push_back(token("0", m));
nodes.push_back(token("MSIZE", m));
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nodes.push_back(token(unsignedToDecimal(node.args.size() * 32 - 1), m));
nodes.push_back(token("ADD", m));
nodes.push_back(token("MSTORE8", m));
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for (unsigned i = 0; i < node.args.size(); i++) {
Metadata m2 = node.args[i].metadata;
nodes.push_back(token("DUP1", m2));
programVerticalAux vaux2 = vaux;
vaux2.height += 2;
programData sub = opcodeify(node.args[i], aux, vaux2);
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if (!sub.outs)
err("Array_lit item " + unsignedToDecimal(i) + " has zero arity", m2);
aux = sub.aux;
nodes.push_back(sub.code);
nodes.push_back(token("SWAP1", m2));
if (i > 0) {
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nodes.push_back(token(unsignedToDecimal(i * 32), m2));
nodes.push_back(token("ADD", m2));
}
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nodes.push_back(token("MSTORE", m2));
}
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return pd(aux, astnode("_", nodes, m), 1);
}
// All other functions/operators
else {
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std::vector<Node> subs2;
int depth = opinputs(upperCase(node.val));
if (node.val != "debug") {
if (depth == -1)
err("Not a function or opcode: "+node.val, m);
if ((int)node.args.size() != depth)
err("Invalid arity for "+node.val, m);
}
for (int i = node.args.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
programVerticalAux vaux2 = vaux;
vaux2.height = vaux.height - i - 1 + node.args.size();
programData sub = opcodeify(node.args[i], aux, vaux2);
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aux = sub.aux;
if (!sub.outs)
err("Input "+unsignedToDecimal(i)+" has arity 0", sub.code.metadata);
subs2.push_back(sub.code);
}
if (node.val == "debug") {
subs2.push_back(token("DUP"+unsignedToDecimal(node.args.size()), m));
for (int i = 0; i <= (int)node.args.size(); i++)
subs2.push_back(token("POP", m));
}
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else subs2.push_back(token(upperCase(node.val), m));
int outdepth = node.val == "debug" ? 0 : opoutputs(upperCase(node.val));
return pd(aux, astnode("_", subs2, m), outdepth);
}
}
// Adds necessary wrappers to a program
Node finalize(programData c) {
std::vector<Node> bottom;
Metadata m = c.code.metadata;
// If we are using both alloc and variables, we need to pre-zfill
// some memory
if ((c.aux.allocUsed || c.aux.calldataUsed) && c.aux.vars.size() > 0) {
Node nodelist[] = {
token("0", m),
token(unsignedToDecimal(c.aux.nextVarMem - 1)),
token("MSTORE8", m)
};
bottom.push_back(multiToken(nodelist, 3, m));
}
// If msg.data is being used as an array, then we need to copy it
if (c.aux.calldataUsed) {
Node nodelist[] = {
token("MSIZE", m), token("CALLDATASIZE", m), token("0", m),
token("MSIZE", m), token("CALLDATACOPY", m),
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token(c.aux.vars["'msg.data"], m), token("MSTORE", m)
};
bottom.push_back(multiToken(nodelist, 7, m));
}
// The actual code
bottom.push_back(c.code);
return astnode("_", bottom, m);
}
//LLL -> code fragment tree
Node buildFragmentTree(Node node) {
return finalize(opcodeify(node));
}
// Builds a dictionary mapping labels to variable names
programAux buildDict(Node program, programAux aux, int labelLength) {
Metadata m = program.metadata;
// Token
if (program.type == TOKEN) {
if (isNumberLike(program)) {
aux.step += 1 + toByteArr(program.val, m).size();
}
else if (program.val[0] == '~') {
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aux.vars[program.val.substr(1)] = unsignedToDecimal(aux.step);
}
else if (program.val[0] == '$') {
aux.step += labelLength + 1;
}
else aux.step += 1;
}
// A sub-program (ie. LLL)
else if (program.val == "____CODE") {
programAux auks = Aux();
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for (unsigned i = 0; i < program.args.size(); i++) {
auks = buildDict(program.args[i], auks, labelLength);
}
for (std::map<std::string,std::string>::iterator it=auks.vars.begin();
it != auks.vars.end();
it++) {
aux.vars[(*it).first] = (*it).second;
}
aux.step += auks.step;
}
// Normal sub-block
else {
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for (unsigned i = 0; i < program.args.size(); i++) {
aux = buildDict(program.args[i], aux, labelLength);
}
}
return aux;
}
// Applies that dictionary
Node substDict(Node program, programAux aux, int labelLength) {
Metadata m = program.metadata;
std::vector<Node> out;
std::vector<Node> inner;
if (program.type == TOKEN) {
if (program.val[0] == '$') {
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std::string tokStr = "PUSH"+unsignedToDecimal(labelLength);
out.push_back(token(tokStr, m));
int dotLoc = program.val.find('.');
if (dotLoc == -1) {
std::string val = aux.vars[program.val.substr(1)];
inner = toByteArr(val, m, labelLength);
}
else {
std::string start = aux.vars[program.val.substr(1, dotLoc-1)],
end = aux.vars[program.val.substr(dotLoc + 1)],
dist = decimalSub(end, start);
inner = toByteArr(dist, m, labelLength);
}
out.push_back(astnode("_", inner, m));
}
else if (program.val[0] == '~') { }
else if (isNumberLike(program)) {
inner = toByteArr(program.val, m);
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out.push_back(token("PUSH"+unsignedToDecimal(inner.size())));
out.push_back(astnode("_", inner, m));
}
else return program;
}
else {
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for (unsigned i = 0; i < program.args.size(); i++) {
Node n = substDict(program.args[i], aux, labelLength);
if (n.type == TOKEN || n.args.size()) out.push_back(n);
}
}
return astnode("_", out, m);
}
// Compiled fragtree -> compiled fragtree without labels
Node dereference(Node program) {
int sz = treeSize(program) * 4;
int labelLength = 1;
while (sz >= 256) { labelLength += 1; sz /= 256; }
programAux aux = buildDict(program, Aux(), labelLength);
return substDict(program, aux, labelLength);
}
// Dereferenced fragtree -> opcodes
std::vector<Node> flatten(Node derefed) {
std::vector<Node> o;
if (derefed.type == TOKEN) {
o.push_back(derefed);
}
else {
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for (unsigned i = 0; i < derefed.args.size(); i++) {
std::vector<Node> oprime = flatten(derefed.args[i]);
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for (unsigned j = 0; j < oprime.size(); j++) o.push_back(oprime[j]);
}
}
return o;
}
// Opcodes -> bin
std::string serialize(std::vector<Node> codons) {
std::string o;
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for (unsigned i = 0; i < codons.size(); i++) {
int v;
if (isNumberLike(codons[i])) {
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v = decimalToUnsigned(codons[i].val);
}
else if (codons[i].val.substr(0,4) == "PUSH") {
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v = 95 + decimalToUnsigned(codons[i].val.substr(4));
}
else {
v = opcode(codons[i].val);
}
o += (char)v;
}
return o;
}
// Bin -> opcodes
std::vector<Node> deserialize(std::string ser) {
std::vector<Node> o;
int backCount = 0;
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for (unsigned i = 0; i < ser.length(); i++) {
unsigned char v = (unsigned char)ser[i];
std::string oper = op((int)v);
if (oper != "" && backCount <= 0) o.push_back(token(oper));
else if (v >= 96 && v < 128 && backCount <= 0) {
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o.push_back(token("PUSH"+unsignedToDecimal(v - 95)));
}
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else o.push_back(token(unsignedToDecimal(v)));
if (v >= 96 && v < 128 && backCount <= 0) {
backCount = v - 95;
}
else backCount--;
}
return o;
}
// Fragtree -> bin
std::string assemble(Node fragTree) {
return serialize(flatten(dereference(fragTree)));
}
// Fragtree -> tokens
std::vector<Node> prettyAssemble(Node fragTree) {
return flatten(dereference(fragTree));
}
// LLL -> bin
std::string compileLLL(Node program) {
return assemble(buildFragmentTree(program));
}
// LLL -> tokens
std::vector<Node> prettyCompileLLL(Node program) {
return prettyAssemble(buildFragmentTree(program));
}
// Converts a list of integer values to binary transaction data
std::string encodeDatalist(std::vector<std::string> vals) {
std::string o;
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for (unsigned i = 0; i < vals.size(); i++) {
std::vector<Node> n = toByteArr(strToNumeric(vals[i]), Metadata(), 32);
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for (unsigned j = 0; j < n.size(); j++) {
int v = decimalToUnsigned(n[j].val);
o += (char)v;
}
}
return o;
}
// Converts binary transaction data into a list of integer values
std::vector<std::string> decodeDatalist(std::string ser) {
std::vector<std::string> out;
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for (unsigned i = 0; i < ser.length(); i+= 32) {
std::string o = "0";
for (unsigned j = i; j < i + 32; j++) {
int vj = (int)(unsigned char)ser[j];
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o = decimalAdd(decimalMul(o, "256"), unsignedToDecimal(vj));
}
out.push_back(o);
}
return out;
}