Merge branch 'develop-evmcc' into pr-jit

10 years ago · 4ac6ebb790
39 changed files with 205 additions and 151 deletions
--- a/alethzero/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/alethzero/CMakeLists.txt
@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ endif ()

 qt5_use_modules(${EXECUTEABLE} Core)# Gui Widgets Network WebKit WebKitWidgets)
 target_link_libraries(${EXECUTEABLE} webthree qethereum ethereum evm ethcore devcrypto secp256k1 gmp ${CRYPTOPP_LS} serpent lll solidity evmcore devcore web3jsonrpc jsqrc)
+if (EVMJIT)
+	target_link_libraries(${EXECUTEABLE} evmjit)
+endif()

 if (APPLE)
 	# First have qt5 install plugins and frameworks
--- a/alethzero/MainWin.cpp
+++ b/alethzero/MainWin.cpp
@ -1259,7 +1259,6 @@ void Main::on_blocks_currentItemChanged()
 			s << "<br/>D/TD: <b>2^" << log2((double)info.difficulty) << "</b>/<b>2^" << log2((double)details.totalDifficulty) << "</b>";
 			s << "&nbsp;&emsp;&nbsp;Children: <b>" << details.children.size() << "</b></h5>";
 			s << "<br/>Gas used/limit: <b>" << info.gasUsed << "</b>/<b>" << info.gasLimit << "</b>";
-			s << "&nbsp;&emsp;&nbsp;Minimum gas price: <b>" << formatBalance(info.minGasPrice) << "</b>";
 			s << "<br/>Coinbase: <b>" << pretty(info.coinbaseAddress).toHtmlEscaped().toStdString() << "</b> " << info.coinbaseAddress;
 			s << "<br/>Nonce: <b>" << info.nonce << "</b>";
 			s << "<br/>Parent: <b>" << info.parentHash << "</b>";
@ -1665,7 +1664,7 @@ void Main::on_data_textChanged()
 				errs.append("<div style=\"border-left: 6px solid #c00; margin-top: 2px\">" + QString::fromStdString(i).toHtmlEscaped() + "</div>");
 		}
 		ui->code->setHtml(errs + lll + solidity + "<h4>Code</h4>" + QString::fromStdString(disassemble(m_data)).toHtmlEscaped());
-		ui->gas->setMinimum((qint64)Client::txGas(m_data.size(), 0));
+		ui->gas->setMinimum((qint64)Client::txGas(m_data, 0));
 		if (!ui->gas->isEnabled())
 			ui->gas->setValue(m_backupGas);
 		ui->gas->setEnabled(true);
@ -1676,7 +1675,7 @@ void Main::on_data_textChanged()
 		ui->code->setHtml(QString::fromStdString(dev::memDump(m_data, 8, true)));
 		if (ethereum()->codeAt(fromString(ui->destination->currentText()), 0).size())
 		{
-			ui->gas->setMinimum((qint64)Client::txGas(m_data.size(), 1));
+			ui->gas->setMinimum((qint64)Client::txGas(m_data, 1));
 			if (!ui->gas->isEnabled())
 				ui->gas->setValue(m_backupGas);
 			ui->gas->setEnabled(true);
@ -1685,7 +1684,7 @@ void Main::on_data_textChanged()
 		{
 			if (ui->gas->isEnabled())
 				m_backupGas = ui->gas->value();
-			ui->gas->setValue((qint64)Client::txGas(m_data.size()));
+			ui->gas->setValue((qint64)Client::txGas(m_data));
 			ui->gas->setEnabled(false);
 		}
 	}
--- a/eth/main.cpp
+++ b/eth/main.cpp
@ -492,14 +492,12 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 					cnote << ssbd.str();
 					int ssize = sechex.length();
 					int size = hexAddr.length();
-					u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(data.size(), 0);
+					u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(data, 0);
 					if (size < 40)
 					{
 						if (size > 0)
 							cwarn << "Invalid address length:" << size;
 					}
-					else if (gasPrice < info.minGasPrice)
-						cwarn << "Minimum gas price is" << info.minGasPrice;
 					else if (gas < minGas)
 						cwarn << "Minimum gas amount is" << minGas;
 					else if (ssize < 40)
@ -559,9 +557,9 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 						auto h = bc.currentHash();
 						auto blockData = bc.block(h);
 						BlockInfo info(blockData);
-						u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(0, 0);
+						u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(bytes(), 0);
 						Address dest = h160(fromHex(hexAddr));
-						c->transact(us.secret(), amount, dest, bytes(), minGas, info.minGasPrice);
+						c->transact(us.secret(), amount, dest, bytes(), minGas);
 					}
 				} 
 				else
@ -598,11 +596,9 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 						cnote << "Init:";
 						cnote << ssc.str();
 					}
-					u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(init.size(), 0);
+					u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(init, 0);
 					if (endowment < 0)
 						cwarn << "Invalid endowment";
-					else if (gasPrice < info.minGasPrice)
-						cwarn << "Minimum gas price is" << info.minGasPrice;
 					else if (gas < minGas)
 						cwarn << "Minimum gas amount is" << minGas;
 					else
--- a/libdevcore/Common.cpp
+++ b/libdevcore/Common.cpp
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ using namespace dev;
 namespace dev
 {

-char const* Version = "0.7.10";
+char const* Version = "0.7.11";

 }

--- a/libethcore/BlockInfo.cpp
+++ b/libethcore/BlockInfo.cpp
@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ h256 BlockInfo::headerHashWithoutNonce() const

 void BlockInfo::streamRLP(RLPStream& _s, bool _nonce) const
 {
-	_s.appendList(_nonce ? 15 : 14)
+	_s.appendList(_nonce ? 14 : 13)
 		<< parentHash << sha3Uncles << coinbaseAddress << stateRoot << transactionsRoot << receiptsRoot << logBloom
-		<< difficulty << number << minGasPrice << gasLimit << gasUsed << timestamp << extraData;
+		<< difficulty << number << gasLimit << gasUsed << timestamp << extraData;
 	if (_nonce)
 		_s << nonce;
 }
@ -86,12 +86,11 @@ void BlockInfo::populateFromHeader(RLP const& _header, bool _checkNonce)
 		logBloom = _header[field = 6].toHash<h512>();
 		difficulty = _header[field = 7].toInt<u256>();
 		number = _header[field = 8].toInt<u256>();
-		minGasPrice = _header[field = 9].toInt<u256>();
-		gasLimit = _header[field = 10].toInt<u256>();
-		gasUsed = _header[field = 11].toInt<u256>();
-		timestamp = _header[field = 12].toInt<u256>();
-		extraData = _header[field = 13].toBytes();
-		nonce = _header[field = 14].toHash<h256>();
+		gasLimit = _header[field = 9].toInt<u256>();
+		gasUsed = _header[field = 10].toInt<u256>();
+		timestamp = _header[field = 11].toInt<u256>();
+		extraData = _header[field = 12].toBytes();
+		nonce = _header[field = 13].toHash<h256>();
 	}

 	catch (Exception const& _e)
@ -147,9 +146,6 @@ void BlockInfo::verifyInternals(bytesConstRef _block) const
 	if (transactionsRoot != t.root())
 		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidTransactionsHash(t.root(), transactionsRoot));

-	if (minGasPrice > mgp)
-		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidMinGasPrice(minGasPrice, mgp));
-
 	if (sha3Uncles != sha3(root[2].data()))
 		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidUnclesHash());
 }
--- a/libethcore/BlockInfo.h
+++ b/libethcore/BlockInfo.h
@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ public:
 	h512 logBloom;	// TODO LogBloom - get include
 	u256 difficulty;
 	u256 number;
-	u256 minGasPrice;
 	u256 gasLimit;
 	u256 gasUsed;
 	u256 timestamp;
@ -95,7 +94,6 @@ public:
 				logBloom == _cmp.logBloom &&
 				difficulty == _cmp.difficulty &&
 				number == _cmp.number &&
-				minGasPrice == _cmp.minGasPrice &&
 				gasLimit == _cmp.gasLimit &&
 				gasUsed == _cmp.gasUsed &&
 				timestamp == _cmp.timestamp &&
@ -122,7 +120,7 @@ public:
 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& _out, BlockInfo const& _bi)
 {
 	_out << _bi.hash << " " << _bi.parentHash << " " << _bi.sha3Uncles << " " << _bi.coinbaseAddress << " " << _bi.stateRoot << " " << _bi.transactionsRoot << " " <<
-			_bi.receiptsRoot << " " << _bi.logBloom << " " << _bi.difficulty << " " << _bi.number << " " << _bi.minGasPrice << " " << _bi.gasLimit << " " <<
+			_bi.receiptsRoot << " " << _bi.logBloom << " " << _bi.difficulty << " " << _bi.number << " " << _bi.gasLimit << " " <<
 			_bi.gasUsed << " " << _bi.timestamp << " " << _bi.nonce;
 	return _out;
 }
--- a/libethcore/CommonEth.cpp
+++ b/libethcore/CommonEth.cpp
@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ namespace dev
 namespace eth
 {

-const unsigned c_protocolVersion = 44;
-const unsigned c_databaseVersion = 4;
+const unsigned c_protocolVersion = 45;
+const unsigned c_databaseVersion = 5;

 static const vector<pair<u256, string>> g_units =
 {
--- a/libethereum/BlockChain.cpp
+++ b/libethereum/BlockChain.cpp
@ -101,9 +101,8 @@ bytes BlockChain::createGenesisBlock()
 		stateRoot = state.root();
 	}

-	block.appendList(15)
-			// TODO: maybe make logbloom correct?
-		<< h256() << EmptyListSHA3 << h160() << stateRoot << EmptyTrie << EmptyTrie << LogBloom() << c_genesisDifficulty << 0 << 0 << 1000000 << 0 << (unsigned)0 << string() << sha3(bytes(1, 42));
+	block.appendList(14)
+		<< h256() << EmptyListSHA3 << h160() << stateRoot << EmptyTrie << EmptyTrie << LogBloom() << c_genesisDifficulty << 0 << 1000000 << 0 << (unsigned)0 << string() << sha3(bytes(1, 42));
 	block.appendRaw(RLPEmptyList);
 	block.appendRaw(RLPEmptyList);
 	return block.out();
@ -169,8 +168,6 @@ void BlockChain::close()
 	delete m_db;
 	m_lastBlockHash = m_genesisHash;
 	m_details.clear();
-	m_blooms.clear();
-	m_traces.clear();
 	m_cache.clear();
 }

@ -307,14 +304,10 @@ h256s BlockChain::import(bytes const& _block, OverlayDB const& _db)
 		State s(bi.coinbaseAddress, _db);
 		auto tdIncrease = s.enactOn(&_block, bi, *this);
 		auto b = s.oldBloom();
-		BlockBlooms bb;
-		BlockTraces bt;
 		BlockLogBlooms blb;
 		BlockReceipts br;
 		for (unsigned i = 0; i < s.pending().size(); ++i)
 		{
-			bb.blooms.push_back(s.changesFromPending(i).bloom());
-			bt.traces.push_back(s.changesFromPending(i));
 			blb.blooms.push_back(s.receipt(i).bloom());
 			br.receipts.push_back(s.receipt(i));
 		}
@ -330,14 +323,6 @@ h256s BlockChain::import(bytes const& _block, OverlayDB const& _db)
 			m_details[newHash] = BlockDetails((unsigned)pd.number + 1, td, bi.parentHash, {}, b);
 			m_details[bi.parentHash].children.push_back(newHash);
 		}
-		{
-			WriteGuard l(x_blooms);
-			m_blooms[newHash] = bb;
-		}
-		{
-			WriteGuard l(x_traces);
-			m_traces[newHash] = bt;
-		}
 		{
 			WriteGuard l(x_logBlooms);
 			m_logBlooms[newHash] = blb;
@ -349,8 +334,6 @@ h256s BlockChain::import(bytes const& _block, OverlayDB const& _db)

 		m_extrasDB->Put(m_writeOptions, toSlice(newHash), (ldb::Slice)dev::ref(m_details[newHash].rlp()));
 		m_extrasDB->Put(m_writeOptions, toSlice(bi.parentHash), (ldb::Slice)dev::ref(m_details[bi.parentHash].rlp()));
-		m_extrasDB->Put(m_writeOptions, toSlice(newHash, 1), (ldb::Slice)dev::ref(m_blooms[newHash].rlp()));
-		m_extrasDB->Put(m_writeOptions, toSlice(newHash, 2), (ldb::Slice)dev::ref(m_traces[newHash].rlp()));
 		m_extrasDB->Put(m_writeOptions, toSlice(newHash, 3), (ldb::Slice)dev::ref(m_logBlooms[newHash].rlp()));
 		m_extrasDB->Put(m_writeOptions, toSlice(newHash, 4), (ldb::Slice)dev::ref(m_receipts[newHash].rlp()));
 		m_db->Put(m_writeOptions, toSlice(newHash), (ldb::Slice)ref(_block));
--- a/libethereum/BlockChain.h
+++ b/libethereum/BlockChain.h
@ -101,14 +101,6 @@ public:
 	BlockDetails details(h256 _hash) const { return queryExtras<BlockDetails, 0>(_hash, m_details, x_details, NullBlockDetails); }
 	BlockDetails details() const { return details(currentHash()); }

-	/// Get the transactions' bloom filters of a block (or the most recent mined if none given). Thread-safe.
-	BlockBlooms blooms(h256 _hash) const { return queryExtras<BlockBlooms, 1>(_hash, m_blooms, x_blooms, NullBlockBlooms); }
-	BlockBlooms blooms() const { return blooms(currentHash()); }
-
-	/// Get the transactions' trace manifests of a block (or the most recent mined if none given). Thread-safe.
-	BlockTraces traces(h256 _hash) const { return queryExtras<BlockTraces, 2>(_hash, m_traces, x_traces, NullBlockTraces); }
-	BlockTraces traces() const { return traces(currentHash()); }
-
 	/// Get the transactions' log blooms of a block (or the most recent mined if none given). Thread-safe.
 	BlockLogBlooms logBlooms(h256 _hash) const { return queryExtras<BlockLogBlooms, 3>(_hash, m_logBlooms, x_logBlooms, NullBlockLogBlooms); }
 	BlockLogBlooms logBlooms() const { return logBlooms(currentHash()); }
@ -193,10 +185,6 @@ private:
 	/// The caches of the disk DB and their locks.
 	mutable boost::shared_mutex x_details;
 	mutable BlockDetailsHash m_details;
-	mutable boost::shared_mutex x_blooms;
-	mutable BlockBloomsHash m_blooms;
-	mutable boost::shared_mutex x_traces;
-	mutable BlockTracesHash m_traces;
 	mutable boost::shared_mutex x_logBlooms;
 	mutable BlockLogBloomsHash m_logBlooms;
 	mutable boost::shared_mutex x_receipts;
--- a/libethereum/BlockDetails.h
+++ b/libethereum/BlockDetails.h
@ -54,24 +54,6 @@ struct BlockDetails
 	h256 bloom;
 };

-struct BlockBlooms
-{
-	BlockBlooms() {}
-	BlockBlooms(RLP const& _r) { blooms = _r.toVector<h256>(); }
-	bytes rlp() const { RLPStream s; s << blooms; return s.out(); }
-
-	h256s blooms;
-};
-
-struct BlockTraces
-{
-	BlockTraces() {}
-	BlockTraces(RLP const& _r) { for (auto const& i: _r) traces.emplace_back(i.data()); }
-	bytes rlp() const { RLPStream s(traces.size()); for (auto const& i: traces) i.streamRLP(s); return s.out(); }
-
-	Manifests traces;
-};
-
 struct BlockLogBlooms
 {
 	BlockLogBlooms() {}
@ -91,14 +73,10 @@ struct BlockReceipts
 };

 typedef std::map<h256, BlockDetails> BlockDetailsHash;
-typedef std::map<h256, BlockBlooms> BlockBloomsHash;
-typedef std::map<h256, BlockTraces> BlockTracesHash;
 typedef std::map<h256, BlockLogBlooms> BlockLogBloomsHash;
 typedef std::map<h256, BlockReceipts> BlockReceiptsHash;

 static const BlockDetails NullBlockDetails;
-static const BlockBlooms NullBlockBlooms;
-static const BlockTraces NullBlockTraces;
 static const BlockLogBlooms NullBlockLogBlooms;
 static const BlockReceipts NullBlockReceipts;

--- a/libethereum/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/libethereum/CMakeLists.txt
@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ endif()
 target_link_libraries(${EXECUTABLE} ${LEVELDB_LS})
 target_link_libraries(${EXECUTABLE} ${CRYPTOPP_LS})
 target_link_libraries(${EXECUTABLE} gmp)
+if (EVMJIT)
+	target_link_libraries(${EXECUTABLE} evmjit)
+endif()

 if("${TARGET_PLATFORM}" STREQUAL "w64")
 	target_link_libraries(${EXECUTABLE} boost_system-mt-s)
--- a/libethereum/Executive.cpp
+++ b/libethereum/Executive.cpp
@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <boost/timer.hpp>
 #include <libdevcore/CommonIO.h>
 #include <libevm/VM.h>
+#include "Interface.h"
 #include "Executive.h"
 #include "State.h"
 #include "ExtVM.h"
@ -58,15 +59,8 @@ bool Executive::setup(bytesConstRef _rlp)
 		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidNonce(nonceReq, m_t.nonce()));
 	}

-	// Don't like transactions whose gas price is too low. NOTE: this won't stay here forever - it's just until we get a proper gas price discovery protocol going.
-	if (m_t.gasPrice() < m_s.m_currentBlock.minGasPrice)
-	{
-		clog(StateDetail) << "Offered gas-price is too low: Require >" << m_s.m_currentBlock.minGasPrice << " Got" << m_t.gasPrice();
-		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(GasPriceTooLow());
-	}
-
 	// Check gas cost is enough.
-	u256 gasCost = m_t.data().size() * c_txDataGas + c_txGas;
+	auto gasCost = Interface::txGas(m_t.data());

 	if (m_t.gas() < gasCost)
 	{
@ -106,9 +100,9 @@ bool Executive::setup(bytesConstRef _rlp)
 	}

 	if (m_t.isCreation())
-		return create(m_sender, m_t.value(), m_t.gasPrice(), m_t.gas() - gasCost, &m_t.data(), m_sender);
+		return create(m_sender, m_t.value(), m_t.gasPrice(), m_t.gas() - (u256)gasCost, &m_t.data(), m_sender);
 	else
-		return call(m_t.receiveAddress(), m_sender, m_t.value(), m_t.gasPrice(), bytesConstRef(&m_t.data()), m_t.gas() - gasCost, m_sender);
+		return call(m_t.receiveAddress(), m_sender, m_t.value(), m_t.gasPrice(), bytesConstRef(&m_t.data()), m_t.gas() - (u256)gasCost, m_sender);
 }

 bool Executive::call(Address _receiveAddress, Address _senderAddress, u256 _value, u256 _gasPrice, bytesConstRef _data, u256 _gas, Address _originAddress)
@ -118,7 +112,7 @@ bool Executive::call(Address _receiveAddress, Address _senderAddress, u256 _valu

 	if (m_s.addressHasCode(_receiveAddress))
 	{
-		m_vm = VMFace::create(VMFace::Interpreter, _gas).release();
+		m_vm = VMFactory::create(VMFactory::Interpreter, _gas).release();
 		bytes const& c = m_s.code(_receiveAddress);
 		m_ext = new ExtVM(m_s, _receiveAddress, _senderAddress, _originAddress, _value, _gasPrice, _data, &c, m_ms);
 	}
@ -137,7 +131,7 @@ bool Executive::create(Address _sender, u256 _endowment, u256 _gasPrice, u256 _g
 	m_s.m_cache[m_newAddress] = Account(m_s.balance(m_newAddress) + _endowment, Account::ContractConception);

 	// Execute _init.
-	m_vm = VMFace::create(VMFace::Interpreter, _gas).release();
+	m_vm = VMFactory::create(VMFactory::Interpreter, _gas).release();
 	m_ext = new ExtVM(m_s, m_newAddress, _sender, _origin, _endowment, _gasPrice, bytesConstRef(), _init, m_ms);
 	return _init.empty();
 }
--- a/libethereum/Interface.h
+++ b/libethereum/Interface.h
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ public:
 	virtual Addresses addresses(int _block) const = 0;

 	/// Get the fee associated for a transaction with the given data.
-	static u256 txGas(unsigned _dataCount, u256 _gas = 0) { return c_txDataGas * _dataCount + c_txGas + _gas; }
+	template <class T> static bigint txGas(T const& _data, u256 _gas = 0) { bigint ret = c_txGas + _gas; for (auto i: _data) ret += i ? c_txDataNonZeroGas : c_txDataZeroGas; return ret; }

 	/// Get the remaining gas limit in this block.
 	virtual u256 gasLimitRemaining() const = 0;
--- a/libethereum/State.cpp
+++ b/libethereum/State.cpp
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void ecrecoverCode(bytesConstRef _in, bytesRef _out)
 	memcpy(&in, _in.data(), min(_in.size(), sizeof(in)));

 	memset(_out.data(), 0, _out.size());
-	if (in.v > 28)
+	if ((u256)in.v > 28)
 		return;
 	SignatureStruct sig{in.r, in.s, (byte)((int)(u256)in.v - 27)};
 	if (!sig.isValid())
@ -503,7 +503,6 @@ void State::resetCurrent()
 	m_currentBlock.timestamp = time(0);
 	m_currentBlock.transactionsRoot = h256();
 	m_currentBlock.sha3Uncles = h256();
-	m_currentBlock.minGasPrice = 10 * szabo;
 	m_currentBlock.populateFromParent(m_previousBlock);

 	// Update timestamp according to clock.
@ -1216,7 +1215,7 @@ bool State::call(Address _receiveAddress, Address _codeAddress, Address _senderA
 	}
 	else if (addressHasCode(_codeAddress))
 	{
-		auto vmObj = VMFace::create(getVMKind(), *_gas);
+		auto vmObj = VMFactory::create(getVMKind(), *_gas);
 		auto& vm = *vmObj;
 		ExtVM evm(*this, _receiveAddress, _senderAddress, _originAddress, _value, _gasPrice, _data, &code(_codeAddress), o_ms, _level);
 		bool revert = false;
@ -1276,7 +1275,7 @@ h160 State::create(Address _sender, u256 _endowment, u256 _gasPrice, u256* _gas,
 	m_cache[newAddress] = Account(balance(newAddress) + _endowment, Account::ContractConception);

 	// Execute init code.
-	auto vmObj = VMFace::create(getVMKind(), *_gas);
+	auto vmObj = VMFactory::create(getVMKind(), *_gas);
 	auto& vm = *vmObj;
 	ExtVM evm(*this, newAddress, _sender, _origin, _endowment, _gasPrice, bytesConstRef(), _code, o_ms, _level);
 	bool revert = false;
--- a/libethereum/State.h
+++ b/libethereum/State.h
@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <libethcore/Exceptions.h>
 #include <libethcore/BlockInfo.h>
 #include <libethcore/ProofOfWork.h>
+#include <libethereum/VMFactory.h>
 #include <libevm/FeeStructure.h>
 #include <libevm/ExtVMFace.h>
 #include <libevm/VMFace.h>
@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
 #include "TransactionReceipt.h"
 #include "Executive.h"
 #include "AccountDiff.h"
+#include "VMFactory.h"

 namespace dev
 {
@ -261,10 +263,10 @@ public:
 	void cleanup(bool _fullCommit);

 	/// Sets VM kind to be used by the state
-	void setVMKind(VMFace::Kind _kind) { m_vmKind = _kind; }
+	void setVMKind(VMFactory::Kind _kind) { m_vmKind = _kind; }

 	/// Get the kind of VM used by the state
-	VMFace::Kind getVMKind() const { return m_vmKind; }
+	VMFactory::Kind getVMKind() const { return m_vmKind; }

 private:
 	/// Undo the changes to the state for committing to mine.
@ -333,7 +335,7 @@ private:

 	u256 m_blockReward;

-	VMFace::Kind m_vmKind = VMFace::Interpreter;	///< The kind of VM used by the state
+	VMFactory::Kind m_vmKind = VMFactory::Interpreter;	///< The kind of VM used by the state

 	static std::string c_defaultPath;

--- a/libethereum/VMFactory.cpp
+++ b/libethereum/VMFactory.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include <libevm/VM.h>
+
+#if ETH_EVMJIT
+	#include<libevmjit/VM.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "VMFactory.h"
+
+namespace dev
+{
+namespace eth
+{
+
+std::unique_ptr<VMFace> VMFactory::create(VMFactory::Kind _kind, u256 _gas)
+{
+#if ETH_EVMJIT
+	auto vm = _kind == Kind::JIT ? static_cast<VMFace*>(new jit::VM)
+								 : static_cast<VMFace*>(new VM);
+#else
+	VMFace* vm = new VM;
+#endif
+
+	vm->reset(_gas);
+	return std::unique_ptr<VMFace>(vm);
+}
+
+}
+}
--- a/libethereum/VMFactory.h
+++ b/libethereum/VMFactory.h
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <libevm/VMFace.h>
+
+namespace dev
+{
+namespace eth
+{
+
+/**
+ */
+
+class VMFactory
+{
+public:
+	enum Kind: bool {
+		Interpreter,
+#if ETH_EVMJIT
+		JIT
+#endif
+	};
+
+	static std::unique_ptr<VMFace> create(Kind, u256 _gas = 0);
+};
+
+
+}
+}
--- a/libevm/FeeStructure.cpp
+++ b/libevm/FeeStructure.cpp
@ -34,9 +34,13 @@ u256 const dev::eth::c_sstoreResetGas = 100;
 u256 const dev::eth::c_sstoreRefundGas = 100;
 u256 const dev::eth::c_createGas = 100;
 u256 const dev::eth::c_callGas = 20;
+u256 const dev::eth::c_expGas = 1;
+u256 const dev::eth::c_expByteGas = 1;
 u256 const dev::eth::c_memoryGas = 1;
-u256 const dev::eth::c_txDataGas = 5;
+u256 const dev::eth::c_txDataZeroGas = 1;
+u256 const dev::eth::c_txDataNonZeroGas = 5;
 u256 const dev::eth::c_txGas = 500;
 u256 const dev::eth::c_logGas = 32;
 u256 const dev::eth::c_logDataGas = 1;
 u256 const dev::eth::c_logTopicGas = 32;
+u256 const dev::eth::c_copyGas = 1;
--- a/libevm/FeeStructure.h
+++ b/libevm/FeeStructure.h
@ -37,12 +37,16 @@ extern u256 const c_sstoreResetGas;		///< Once per SSTORE operation if the zeron
 extern u256 const c_sstoreRefundGas;	///< Refunded gas, once per SSTORE operation if the zeroness changes to zero.
 extern u256 const c_createGas;			///< Once per CREATE operation & contract-creation transaction.
 extern u256 const c_callGas;			///< Once per CALL operation & message call transaction.
+extern u256 const c_expGas;				///< Once per EXP instuction.
+extern u256 const c_expByteGas;			///< Times ceil(log256(exponent)) for the EXP instruction.
 extern u256 const c_memoryGas;			///< Times the address of the (highest referenced byte in memory + 1). NOTE: referencing happens on read, write and in instructions such as RETURN and CALL.
-extern u256 const c_txDataGas;			///< Per byte of data attached to a transaction. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
+extern u256 const c_txDataZeroGas;		///< Per byte of data attached to a transaction that equals zero. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
+extern u256 const c_txDataNonZeroGas;	///< Per byte of data attached to a transaction that is not equal to zero. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
 extern u256 const c_txGas;				///< Per transaction. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
 extern u256 const c_logGas;				///< Per LOG* operation.
 extern u256 const c_logDataGas;			///< Per byte in a LOG* operation's data.
 extern u256 const c_logTopicGas;		///< Multiplied by the * of the LOG*, per LOG transaction. e.g. LOG0 incurs 0 * c_txLogTopicGas, LOG4 incurs 4 * c_txLogTopicGas.
+extern u256 const c_copyGas;			///< Multiplied by the number of 32-byte words that are copied (round up) for any *COPY operation and added.

 }
 }
--- a/libevm/VM.h
+++ b/libevm/VM.h
@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ namespace dev
 namespace eth
 {

+class VMFactory;
+
 /**
 */
 class VM : public VMFace
@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ public:
 	u256s const& stack() const { return m_stack; }

 private:
-	friend VMFace;
+	friend VMFactory;
 	explicit VM(u256 _gas = 0): VMFace(_gas) {}

 	template <class Ext>
@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ template <class Ext> dev::bytesConstRef dev::eth::VM::go(Ext& _ext, OnOpFunc con
 		// FEES...
 		bigint runGas = c_stepGas;
 		bigint newTempSize = m_temp.size();
+		bigint copySize = 0;

 		auto onOperation = [&]()
 		{
@ -170,14 +173,17 @@ template <class Ext> dev::bytesConstRef dev::eth::VM::go(Ext& _ext, OnOpFunc con
 			break;
 		case Instruction::CALLDATACOPY:
 			require(3);
+			copySize = m_stack[m_stack.size() - 3];
 			newTempSize = memNeed(m_stack.back(), m_stack[m_stack.size() - 3]);
 			break;
 		case Instruction::CODECOPY:
 			require(3);
+			copySize = m_stack[m_stack.size() - 3];
 			newTempSize = memNeed(m_stack.back(), m_stack[m_stack.size() - 3]);
 			break;
 		case Instruction::EXTCODECOPY:
 			require(4);
+			copySize = m_stack[m_stack.size() - 4];
 			newTempSize = memNeed(m_stack[m_stack.size() - 2], m_stack[m_stack.size() - 4]);
 			break;
 			
@ -215,6 +221,13 @@ template <class Ext> dev::bytesConstRef dev::eth::VM::go(Ext& _ext, OnOpFunc con
            runGas = c_createGas;
 			break;
 		}
+		case Instruction::EXP:
+		{
+			require(2);
+			auto expon = m_stack[m_stack.size() - 2];
+			runGas = c_expGas + c_expByteGas * (32 - (h256(expon).firstBitSet() / 8));
+			break;
+		}

 		case Instruction::PC:
 		case Instruction::MSIZE:
@ -281,7 +294,6 @@ template <class Ext> dev::bytesConstRef dev::eth::VM::go(Ext& _ext, OnOpFunc con
 		case Instruction::SDIV:
 		case Instruction::MOD:
 		case Instruction::SMOD:
-		case Instruction::EXP:
 		case Instruction::LT:
 		case Instruction::GT:
 		case Instruction::SLT:
@ -342,6 +354,7 @@ template <class Ext> dev::bytesConstRef dev::eth::VM::go(Ext& _ext, OnOpFunc con
 		newTempSize = (newTempSize + 31) / 32 * 32;
 		if (newTempSize > m_temp.size())
 			runGas += c_memoryGas * (newTempSize - m_temp.size()) / 32;
+		runGas += c_copyGas * (copySize + 31) / 32;

 		onOperation();
 //		if (_onOp)
--- a/libevm/VMFace.cpp
+++ b/libevm/VMFace.cpp
@ -22,15 +22,7 @@
 using namespace dev;
 using namespace dev::eth;

-std::unique_ptr<VMFace> VMFace::create(VMFace::Kind _kind, u256 _gas)
+void VMFace::reset(u256 _gas) noexcept
 {
-	std::unique_ptr<VMFace> vm;
-#if ETH_EVMJIT
-	vm.reset(_kind == Kind::JIT ? static_cast<VMFace*>(new jit::VM) : new VM);
-#else
-	(void) _kind; // suppress unused var warning
-	vm.reset(new VM);
-#endif
-	vm->reset(_gas);
-	return vm;
+	m_gas = _gas;
 }
--- a/libevm/VMFace.h
+++ b/libevm/VMFace.h
@ -62,16 +62,12 @@ public:
 	VMFace(VMFace const&) = delete;
 	void operator=(VMFace const&) = delete;

-	virtual void reset(u256 _gas = 0) noexcept { m_gas = _gas; }
+	virtual void reset(u256 _gas = 0) noexcept;

 	virtual bytesConstRef go(ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp = {}, uint64_t _steps = (uint64_t)-1) = 0;

 	u256 gas() const { return m_gas; }

-	enum Kind: bool { Interpreter, JIT };
-
-	static std::unique_ptr<VMFace> create(Kind, u256 _gas = 0);
-
 protected:
 	u256 m_gas = 0;
 };
--- a/libevmjit/Compiler.cpp
+++ b/libevmjit/Compiler.cpp
@ -805,6 +805,9 @@ void Compiler::compileBasicBlock(BasicBlock& _basicBlock, bytes const& _bytecode
 			auto numBytes = stack.pop();
 			_memory.require(beginIdx, numBytes);

+			// This will commit the current cost block
+			_gasMeter.countLogData(numBytes);
+
 			std::array<llvm::Value*,4> topics;
 			auto numTopics = static_cast<size_t>(inst) - static_cast<size_t>(Instruction::LOG0);
 			for (size_t i = 0; i < numTopics; ++i)
--- a/libevmjit/Ext.cpp
+++ b/libevmjit/Ext.cpp
@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ llvm::Value* Ext::codesizeAt(llvm::Value* _addr)

 void Ext::log(llvm::Value* _memIdx, llvm::Value* _numBytes, size_t _numTopics, std::array<llvm::Value*,4> const& _topics)
 {
-	static llvm::Value* args[] = {nullptr, m_args[0], m_args[1], m_arg2, m_arg3, m_arg4, m_arg5};
-	static llvm::Value* funcs[] = {m_log0, m_log1, m_log2, m_log3, m_log4};
+	llvm::Value* args[] = {nullptr, m_args[0], m_args[1], m_arg2, m_arg3, m_arg4, m_arg5};
+	llvm::Value* funcs[] = {m_log0, m_log1, m_log2, m_log3, m_log4};

 	args[0] = getRuntimeManager().getRuntimePtr();
 	m_builder.CreateStore(_memIdx, m_args[0]);
@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ extern "C"
 	{
 		auto&& ext = _rt->getExt();

-		auto memIdx = static_cast<size_t>(llvm2eth(*_memIdx));
-		auto numBytes = static_cast<size_t>(llvm2eth(*_numBytes));
+		auto memIdx = llvm2eth(*_memIdx).convert_to<size_t>();
+		auto numBytes = llvm2eth(*_numBytes).convert_to<size_t>();

 		auto dataRef = bytesConstRef(_rt->getMemory().data() + memIdx, numBytes);
 		ext.log({}, dataRef);
--- a/libevmjit/GasMeter.cpp
+++ b/libevmjit/GasMeter.cpp
@ -47,6 +47,16 @@ uint64_t getStepCost(Instruction inst) // TODO: Add this function to FeeSructure
 	case Instruction::CREATE:
 		return static_cast<uint64_t>(c_createGas);

+	case Instruction::LOG0:
+	case Instruction::LOG1:
+	case Instruction::LOG2:
+	case Instruction::LOG3:
+	case Instruction::LOG4:
+	{
+		auto numTopics = static_cast<uint64_t>(inst) - static_cast<uint64_t>(Instruction::LOG0);
+		return static_cast<uint64_t>(c_logGas) + numTopics * static_cast<uint64_t>(c_logTopicGas);
+	}
+
 	default: // Assumes instruction code is valid
 		return static_cast<uint64_t>(c_stepGas);
 	}
@ -138,6 +148,14 @@ void GasMeter::countSStore(Ext& _ext, llvm::Value* _index, llvm::Value* _newValu
 	createCall(m_gasCheckFunc, cost);
 }

+void GasMeter::countLogData(llvm::Value* _dataLength)
+{
+	assert(m_checkCall);
+	assert(m_blockCost > 0); // LOGn instruction is already counted
+	auto cost = m_builder.CreateMul(_dataLength, Constant::get(c_logDataGas), "logdata_cost");
+	commitCostBlock(cost);
+}
+
 void GasMeter::giveBack(llvm::Value* _gas)
 {
 	m_runtimeManager.setGas(m_builder.CreateAdd(m_runtimeManager.getGas(), _gas));
--- a/libevmjit/GasMeter.h
+++ b/libevmjit/GasMeter.h
@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ public:
 	/// Calculate & count gas cost for SSTORE instruction
 	void countSStore(class Ext& _ext, llvm::Value* _index, llvm::Value* _newValue);

+	/// Count gas cost of LOG data
+	void countLogData(llvm::Value* _dataLength);
+
 	/// Finalize cost-block by checking gas needed for the block before the block
 	/// @param _additionalCost adds additional cost to cost-block before commit
 	void commitCostBlock(llvm::Value* _additionalCost = nullptr);
--- a/libevmjit/VM.cpp
+++ b/libevmjit/VM.cpp
@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "VM.h"

 #include <libevm/VMFace.h>
+#include <libevm/VM.h>

 #include "ExecutionEngine.h"
 #include "Compiler.h"
--- a/libevmjit/VM.h
+++ b/libevmjit/VM.h
@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ namespace dev
 {
 namespace eth
 {
+
+class VMFactory;
+
 namespace jit
 {

@ -16,8 +19,11 @@ class VM: public VMFace
 {
 	virtual bytesConstRef go(ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp = {}, uint64_t _steps = (uint64_t)-1) override final;

+	enum Kind: bool { Interpreter, JIT };
+	static std::unique_ptr<VMFace> create(Kind, u256 _gas = 0);
+
 private:
-	friend VMFace;
+	friend VMFactory;
 	explicit VM(u256 _gas = 0): VMFace(_gas) {}

 	bytes m_output;
--- a/libsolidity/ExpressionCompiler.cpp
+++ b/libsolidity/ExpressionCompiler.cpp
@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(Identifier& _identifier)
 		m_context << m_context.getFunctionEntryLabel(*functionDef).pushTag();
 		return;
 	}
-	if (VariableDeclaration* varDef = dynamic_cast<VariableDeclaration*>(declaration))
+	if (/*VariableDeclaration* varDef = */dynamic_cast<VariableDeclaration*>(declaration))
 	{
 		m_currentLValue.fromIdentifier(_identifier, *_identifier.getReferencedDeclaration());
 		m_currentLValue.retrieveValueIfLValueNotRequested(_identifier);
--- a/libsolidity/GlobalContext.cpp
+++ b/libsolidity/GlobalContext.cpp
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ GlobalContext::GlobalContext():
 													  FunctionType::Location::ECRECOVER)),
 					 make_shared<MagicVariableDeclaration>("ripemd160",
 							make_shared<FunctionType>(TypePointers({std::make_shared<IntegerType>(256, IntegerType::Modifier::HASH)}),
-													  TypePointers({std::make_shared<IntegerType>(256, IntegerType::Modifier::HASH)}),
+													  TypePointers({std::make_shared<IntegerType>(160, IntegerType::Modifier::HASH)}),
 													  FunctionType::Location::RIPEMD160))}
 {
 }
--- a/libsolidity/Types.cpp
+++ b/libsolidity/Types.cpp
@ -397,11 +397,11 @@ MagicType::MagicType(MagicType::Kind _kind):
 		break;
 	case Kind::MSG:
 		m_members = MemberList({{"sender", make_shared<IntegerType const>(0, IntegerType::Modifier::ADDRESS)},
+								{"gas", make_shared<IntegerType const>(256)},
 								{"value", make_shared<IntegerType const>(256)}});
 		break;
 	case Kind::TX:
 		m_members = MemberList({{"origin", make_shared<IntegerType const>(0, IntegerType::Modifier::ADDRESS)},
-								{"gas", make_shared<IntegerType const>(256)},
 								{"gasprice", make_shared<IntegerType const>(256)}});
 		break;
 	default:
--- a/libweb3jsonrpc/WebThreeStubServer.cpp
+++ b/libweb3jsonrpc/WebThreeStubServer.cpp
@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ static Json::Value toJson(dev::eth::BlockInfo const& _bi)
 	res["transactionsRoot"] = toJS(_bi.transactionsRoot);
 	res["difficulty"] = toJS(_bi.difficulty);
 	res["number"] = (int)_bi.number;
-	res["minGasPrice"] = toJS(_bi.minGasPrice);
 	res["gasLimit"] = (int)_bi.gasLimit;
 	res["timestamp"] = (int)_bi.timestamp;
 	res["extraData"] = jsFromBinary(_bi.extraData);
--- a/libwhisper/WhisperHost.cpp
+++ b/libwhisper/WhisperHost.cpp
@ -156,6 +156,12 @@ void WhisperHost::uninstallWatch(unsigned _i)
 			m_filters.erase(fit);
 }

+void WhisperHost::doWork()
+{
+	for (auto& i: peers())
+		i->cap<WhisperPeer>()->sendMessages();
+}
+
 void WhisperHost::cleanup()
 {
 	// remove old messages.
--- a/libwhisper/WhisperHost.h
+++ b/libwhisper/WhisperHost.h
@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <utility>
 #include <libdevcore/RLP.h>
+#include <libdevcore/Worker.h>
 #include <libdevcore/Guards.h>
 #include <libdevcrypto/SHA3.h>
 #include "Common.h"
@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ namespace dev
 namespace shh
 {

-class WhisperHost: public HostCapability<WhisperPeer>, public Interface
+class WhisperHost: public HostCapability<WhisperPeer>, public Interface, public Worker
 {
 	friend class WhisperPeer;

@ -64,7 +65,13 @@ public:

 	void cleanup();

+protected:
+	void doWork();
+
 private:
+	virtual void onStarting() { startWorking(); }
+	virtual void onStopping() { stopWorking(); }
+
 	void streamMessage(h256 _m, RLPStream& _s) const;

 	void noteChanged(h256 _messageHash, h256 _filter);
--- a/libwhisper/WhisperPeer.cpp
+++ b/libwhisper/WhisperPeer.cpp
@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ bool WhisperPeer::interpret(unsigned _id, RLP const& _r)
 		for (auto i: _r)
 			if (n++)
 				host()->inject(Envelope(i), this);
-		sendMessages();
 		break;
 	}
 	default:
@ -97,10 +96,15 @@ void WhisperPeer::sendMessages()
 		}
 	}

-	if (!n)
-		// pause for a bit if no messages to send - this is horrible and broken.
-		// the message subsystem should really just keep pumping out messages while m_unseen.size() and there's bandwidth for them.
-		this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(20));
+	// the message subsystem should really just keep pumping out messages while m_unseen.size() and there's bandwidth for them.
+	auto diff = chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now() - m_timer);
+	if (n || diff.count() > 0)
+	{
+		RLPStream s;
+		prep(s, MessagesPacket, n).appendRaw(amalg.out(), n);
+		sealAndSend(s);
+		m_timer = chrono::system_clock::now();
+	}

 	{
 		RLPStream s;
--- a/libwhisper/WhisperPeer.h
+++ b/libwhisper/WhisperPeer.h
@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ private:

 	mutable dev::Mutex x_unseen;
 	std::map<unsigned, h256> m_unseen;	///< Rated according to what they want.
+
+	std::chrono::system_clock::time_point m_timer = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
 };

 }
--- a/neth/main.cpp
+++ b/neth/main.cpp
@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 			vector<string> l;
 			l.push_back("Amount");
 			stringstream label;
-			label << "Gas price (" << info.minGasPrice << ")";
+			label << "Gas price";
 			l.push_back(label.str());
 			l.push_back("Gas");
 			vector<string> b;
@ -646,14 +646,12 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 				ssbd << bbd;
 				cnote << ssbd.str();
 				int ssize = fields[4].length();
-				u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(data.size(), 0);
+				u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(data, 0);
 				if (size < 40)
 				{
 					if (size > 0)
 						cwarn << "Invalid address length:" << size;
 				}
-				else if (gasPrice < info.minGasPrice)
-					cwarn << "Minimum gas price is" << info.minGasPrice;
 				else if (gas < minGas)
 					cwarn << "Minimum gas amount is" << minGas;
 				else if (ssize < 40)
@ -702,9 +700,9 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 					auto h = bc.currentHash();
 					auto blockData = bc.block(h);
 					BlockInfo info(blockData);
-					u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(0, 0);
+					u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(bytes(), 0);
 					Address dest = h160(fromHex(fields[0]));
-					c.transact(us.secret(), amount, dest, bytes(), minGas, info.minGasPrice);
+					c.transact(us.secret(), amount, dest, bytes(), minGas);
 				}
 			}
 		}
@ -718,7 +716,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 			vector<string> l;
 			l.push_back("Endowment");
 			stringstream label;
-			label << "Gas price (" << info.minGasPrice << ")";
+			label << "Gas price";
 			l.push_back(label.str());
 			l.push_back("Gas");
 			vector<string> b;
@ -763,16 +761,14 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 					cnote << "Init:";
 					cnote << ssc.str();
 				}
-				u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(init.size(), 0);
+				u256 minGas = (u256)Client::txGas(init, 0);
 				if (endowment < 0)
 					cwarn << "Invalid endowment";
-				else if (gasPrice < info.minGasPrice)
-					cwarn << "Minimum gas price is" << info.minGasPrice;
 				else if (gas < minGas)
 					cwarn << "Minimum gas amount is" << minGas;
 				else
 				{
-					c.transact(us.secret(), endowment, init, gas, gasPrice);
+					c.transact(us.secret(), endowment, init, gas);
 				}
 			}
 		}
--- a/test/createRandomTest.cpp
+++ b/test/createRandomTest.cpp
@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <json_spirit/json_spirit_writer_template.h>
 #include <libdevcore/CommonIO.h>
 #include <libdevcore/CommonData.h>
+#include <libethereum/VMFactory.h>
 #include <libevmcore/Instruction.h>
 #include <libevm/VM.h>
 #include "vm.h"
@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ void doMyTests(json_spirit::mValue& v)
 		assert(o.count("exec") > 0);


-		auto vmObj = eth::VMFace::create(eth::VMFace::Interpreter);
+		auto vmObj = eth::VMFactory::create(eth::VMFactory::Interpreter);
 		auto& vm = *vmObj;
 		test::FakeExtVM fev;
 		fev.importEnv(o["env"].get_obj());
--- a/test/vm.cpp
+++ b/test/vm.cpp
@ -22,6 +22,7 @@

 #include <chrono>
 #include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
+#include <libethereum/VMFactory.h>
 #include "vm.h"
 using namespace std;
 using namespace json_spirit;
@ -322,8 +323,11 @@ void doVMTests(json_spirit::mValue& v, bool _fillin)
 		auto useJit = false;
 		for (auto i =  0; i < argc && !useJit; ++i)
 			useJit |= std::string(argv[i]) == "--jit";
-		auto vmKind = useJit ? VMFace::JIT : VMFace::Interpreter;
-
+#if ETH_EVMJIT
+		auto vmKind = useJit ? VMFactory::JIT : VMFactory::Interpreter;
+#else
+		auto vmKind == VMFactory::Interpreter;
+#endif
 		dev::test::FakeExtVM fev;

 		fev.importEnv(o["env"].get_obj());
@ -339,7 +343,7 @@ void doVMTests(json_spirit::mValue& v, bool _fillin)
 			fev.code = fev.thisTxCode;
 		}

-		auto vm = VMFace::create(vmKind, fev.gas);
+		auto vm = VMFactory::create(vmKind, fev.gas);
 		bytes output;

 		auto startTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();