node/deps/npm/node_modules/request/README.md

# Request -- Simplified HTTP client

[![NPM](https://nodei.co/npm/request.png)](https://nodei.co/npm/request/)

## Super simple to use

Request is designed to be the simplest way possible to make http calls. It supports HTTPS and follows redirects by default.

```javascript
var request = require('request');
request('http://www.google.com', function (error, response, body) {
  if (!error && response.statusCode == 200) {
    console.log(body) // Print the google web page.
  }
})
```

## Streaming

You can stream any response to a file stream.

```javascript
request('http://google.com/doodle.png').pipe(fs.createWriteStream('doodle.png'))
```

You can also stream a file to a PUT or POST request. This method will also check the file extension against a mapping of file extensions to content-types (in this case `application/json`) and use the proper `content-type` in the PUT request (if the headers don’t already provide one).

```javascript
fs.createReadStream('file.json').pipe(request.put('http://mysite.com/obj.json'))
```

Request can also `pipe` to itself. When doing so, `content-type` and `content-length` are preserved in the PUT headers.

```javascript
request.get('http://google.com/img.png').pipe(request.put('http://mysite.com/img.png'))
```

Now let’s get fancy.

```javascript
http.createServer(function (req, resp) {
  if (req.url === '/doodle.png') {
    if (req.method === 'PUT') {
      req.pipe(request.put('http://mysite.com/doodle.png'))
    } else if (req.method === 'GET' || req.method === 'HEAD') {
      request.get('http://mysite.com/doodle.png').pipe(resp)
    }
  }
})
```

You can also `pipe()` from `http.ServerRequest` instances, as well as to `http.ServerResponse` instances. The HTTP method, headers, and entity-body data will be sent. Which means that, if you don't really care about security, you can do:

```javascript
http.createServer(function (req, resp) {
  if (req.url === '/doodle.png') {
    var x = request('http://mysite.com/doodle.png')
    req.pipe(x)
    x.pipe(resp)
  }
})
```

And since `pipe()` returns the destination stream in ≥ Node 0.5.x you can do one line proxying. :)

```javascript
req.pipe(request('http://mysite.com/doodle.png')).pipe(resp)
```

Also, none of this new functionality conflicts with requests previous features, it just expands them.

```javascript
var r = request.defaults({'proxy':'http://localproxy.com'})

http.createServer(function (req, resp) {
  if (req.url === '/doodle.png') {
    r.get('http://google.com/doodle.png').pipe(resp)
  }
})
```

You can still use intermediate proxies, the requests will still follow HTTP forwards, etc.

## Forms

`request` supports `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` and `multipart/form-data` form uploads. For `multipart/related` refer to the `multipart` API.

URL-encoded forms are simple.

```javascript
request.post('http://service.com/upload', {form:{key:'value'}})
// or
request.post('http://service.com/upload').form({key:'value'})
```

For `multipart/form-data` we use the [form-data](https://github.com/felixge/node-form-data) library by [@felixge](https://github.com/felixge). You don’t need to worry about piping the form object or setting the headers, `request` will handle that for you.

```javascript
var r = request.post('http://service.com/upload')
var form = r.form()
form.append('my_field', 'my_value')
form.append('my_buffer', new Buffer([1, 2, 3]))
form.append('my_file', fs.createReadStream(path.join(__dirname, 'doodle.png'))
form.append('remote_file', request('http://google.com/doodle.png'))
```

## HTTP Authentication

```javascript
request.get('http://some.server.com/').auth('username', 'password', false);
// or
request.get('http://some.server.com/', {
  'auth': {
    'user': 'username',
    'pass': 'password',
    'sendImmediately': false
  }
});
```

If passed as an option, `auth` should be a hash containing values `user` || `username`, `password` || `pass`, and `sendImmediately` (optional).  The method form takes parameters `auth(username, password, sendImmediately)`.

`sendImmediately` defaults to `true`, which causes a basic authentication header to be sent.  If `sendImmediately` is `false`, then `request` will retry with a proper authentication header after receiving a `401` response from the server (which must contain a `WWW-Authenticate` header indicating the required authentication method).

Digest authentication is supported, but it only works with `sendImmediately` set to `false`; otherwise `request` will send basic authentication on the initial request, which will probably cause the request to fail.

## OAuth Signing

```javascript
// Twitter OAuth
var qs = require('querystring')
  , oauth =
    { callback: 'http://mysite.com/callback/'
    , consumer_key: CONSUMER_KEY
    , consumer_secret: CONSUMER_SECRET
    }
  , url = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token'
  ;
request.post({url:url, oauth:oauth}, function (e, r, body) {
  // Ideally, you would take the body in the response
  // and construct a URL that a user clicks on (like a sign in button).
  // The verifier is only available in the response after a user has
  // verified with twitter that they are authorizing your app.
  var access_token = qs.parse(body)
    , oauth =
      { consumer_key: CONSUMER_KEY
      , consumer_secret: CONSUMER_SECRET
      , token: access_token.oauth_token
      , verifier: access_token.oauth_verifier
      }
    , url = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token'
    ;
  request.post({url:url, oauth:oauth}, function (e, r, body) {
    var perm_token = qs.parse(body)
      , oauth =
        { consumer_key: CONSUMER_KEY
        , consumer_secret: CONSUMER_SECRET
        , token: perm_token.oauth_token
        , token_secret: perm_token.oauth_token_secret
        }
      , url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1/users/show.json?'
      , params =
        { screen_name: perm_token.screen_name
        , user_id: perm_token.user_id
        }
      ;
    url += qs.stringify(params)
    request.get({url:url, oauth:oauth, json:true}, function (e, r, user) {
      console.log(user)
    })
  })
})
```

### Custom HTTP Headers

HTTP Headers, such as `User-Agent`, can be set in the `options` object.
In the example below, we call the github API to find out the number
of stars and forks for the request repository. This requires a
custom `User-Agent` header as well as https.

```
var request = require('request');

var options = {
	url: 'https://api.github.com/repos/mikeal/request',
	headers: {
		'User-Agent': 'request'
	}
};

function callback(error, response, body) {
	if (!error && response.statusCode == 200) {
		var info = JSON.parse(body);
		console.log(info.stargazers_count + " Stars");
		console.log(info.forks_count + " Forks");
	}
}

request(options, callback);
```

### request(options, callback)

The first argument can be either a `url` or an `options` object. The only required option is `uri`; all others are optional.

* `uri` || `url` - fully qualified uri or a parsed url object from `url.parse()`
* `qs` - object containing querystring values to be appended to the `uri`
* `method` - http method (default: `"GET"`)
* `headers` - http headers (default: `{}`)
* `body` - entity body for PATCH, POST and PUT requests. Must be a `Buffer` or `String`.
* `form` - when passed an object, this sets `body` to a querystring representation of value, and adds `Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8` header. When passed no options, a `FormData` instance is returned (and is piped to request).
* `auth` - A hash containing values `user` || `username`, `password` || `pass`, and `sendImmediately` (optional).  See documentation above.
* `json` - sets `body` but to JSON representation of value and adds `Content-type: application/json` header.  Additionally, parses the response body as JSON.
* `multipart` - (experimental) array of objects which contains their own headers and `body` attribute. Sends `multipart/related` request. See example below.
* `followRedirect` - follow HTTP 3xx responses as redirects (default: `true`)
* `followAllRedirects` - follow non-GET HTTP 3xx responses as redirects (default: `false`)
* `maxRedirects` - the maximum number of redirects to follow (default: `10`)
* `encoding` - Encoding to be used on `setEncoding` of response data. If `null`, the `body` is returned as a `Buffer`.
* `pool` - A hash object containing the agents for these requests. If omitted, the request will use the global pool (which is set to node's default `maxSockets`)
* `pool.maxSockets` - Integer containing the maximum amount of sockets in the pool.
* `timeout` - Integer containing the number of milliseconds to wait for a request to respond before aborting the request
* `proxy` - An HTTP proxy to be used. Supports proxy Auth with Basic Auth, identical to support for the `url` parameter (by embedding the auth info in the `uri`)
* `oauth` - Options for OAuth HMAC-SHA1 signing. See documentation above.
* `hawk` - Options for [Hawk signing](https://github.com/hueniverse/hawk). The `credentials` key must contain the necessary signing info, [see hawk docs for details](https://github.com/hueniverse/hawk#usage-example).
* `strictSSL` - If `true`, requires SSL certificates be valid. **Note:** to use your own certificate authority, you need to specify an agent that was created with that CA as an option.
* `jar` - If `true`, remember cookies for future use (or define your custom cookie jar; see examples section)
* `aws` - `object` containing AWS signing information. Should have the properties `key`, `secret`. Also requires the property `bucket`, unless you’re specifying your `bucket` as part of the path, or the request doesn’t use a bucket (i.e. GET Services)
* `httpSignature` - Options for the [HTTP Signature Scheme](https://github.com/joyent/node-http-signature/blob/master/http_signing.md) using [Joyent's library](https://github.com/joyent/node-http-signature). The `keyId` and `key` properties must be specified. See the docs for other options.
* `localAddress` - Local interface to bind for network connections.


The callback argument gets 3 arguments: 

1. An `error` when applicable (usually from the `http.Client` option, not the `http.ClientRequest` object)
2. An `http.ClientResponse` object
3. The third is the `response` body (`String` or `Buffer`)

## Convenience methods

There are also shorthand methods for different HTTP METHODs and some other conveniences.

### request.defaults(options)

This method returns a wrapper around the normal request API that defaults to whatever options you pass in to it.

### request.put

Same as `request()`, but defaults to `method: "PUT"`.

```javascript
request.put(url)
```

### request.patch

Same as `request()`, but defaults to `method: "PATCH"`.

```javascript
request.patch(url)
```

### request.post

Same as `request()`, but defaults to `method: "POST"`.

```javascript
request.post(url)
```

### request.head

Same as request() but defaults to `method: "HEAD"`.

```javascript
request.head(url)
```

### request.del

Same as `request()`, but defaults to `method: "DELETE"`.

```javascript
request.del(url)
```

### request.get

Same as `request()` (for uniformity).

```javascript
request.get(url)
```
### request.cookie

Function that creates a new cookie.

```javascript
request.cookie('cookie_string_here')
```
### request.jar

Function that creates a new cookie jar.

```javascript
request.jar()
```


## Examples:

```javascript
  var request = require('request')
    , rand = Math.floor(Math.random()*100000000).toString()
    ;
  request(
    { method: 'PUT'
    , uri: 'http://mikeal.iriscouch.com/testjs/' + rand
    , multipart:
      [ { 'content-type': 'application/json'
        ,  body: JSON.stringify({foo: 'bar', _attachments: {'message.txt': {follows: true, length: 18, 'content_type': 'text/plain' }}})
        }
      , { body: 'I am an attachment' }
      ]
    }
  , function (error, response, body) {
      if(response.statusCode == 201){
        console.log('document saved as: http://mikeal.iriscouch.com/testjs/'+ rand)
      } else {
        console.log('error: '+ response.statusCode)
        console.log(body)
      }
    }
  )
```

Cookies are disabled by default (else, they would be used in subsequent requests). To enable cookies, set `jar` to `true` (either in `defaults` or `options`).

```javascript
var request = request.defaults({jar: true})
request('http://www.google.com', function () {
  request('http://images.google.com')
})
```

To use a custom cookie jar (instead `request`’s global cookie jar), set `jar` to an instance of `request.jar()` (either in `defaults` or `options`)

```javascript
var j = request.jar()
var request = request.defaults({jar:j})
request('http://www.google.com', function () {
  request('http://images.google.com')
})
```
OR

```javascript
var j = request.jar()
var cookie = request.cookie('your_cookie_here')
j.add(cookie)
request({url: 'http://www.google.com', jar: j}, function () {
  request('http://images.google.com')
})
```