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doc: general improvements to os.md copy 

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/7124
Reviewed-By: Brian White <mscdex@mscdex.net>
v6.x
James M Snell 9 years ago
committed by Jeremiah Senkpiel
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      doc/api/os.md

344
doc/api/os.md
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@ -2,25 +2,36 @@
Stability: 2 - Stable Stability: 2 - Stable
Provides a few basic operating-system related utility functions. The `os` module provides a number of operating system-related utility methods.
It can be accessed using:
Use `require('os')` to access this module. ```js
const os = require('os');
```
## os.EOL ## os.EOL
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.7.8 added: v0.7.8
--> -->
A constant defining the appropriate End-of-line marker for the operating A string constant defining the operating system-specific end-of-line marker:
system.
* `\n` on POSIX
* `\r\n` on Windows
## os.arch() ## os.arch()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.5.0 added: v0.5.0
--> -->
Returns the operating system CPU architecture. Possible values are `'x64'`, The `os.arch()` method returns a string identifying the operating system CPU
`'arm'` and `'ia32'`. Returns the value of [`process.arch`][]. architecture *for which the Node.js binary was compiled*.
The current possible values are: `'arm'`, `'arm64'`, `'ia32'`, `'mips'`,
`'mipsel'`, `'ppc'`, `'ppc64'`, `'s390'`, `'s390x'`, `'x32'`, `'x64'`, and
`'x86'`.
Equivalent to [`process.arch`][].
## os.constants ## os.constants
@ -33,80 +44,116 @@ defined are described in [OS Constants][].
added: v0.3.3 added: v0.3.3
--> -->
Returns an array of objects containing information about each CPU/core The `os.cpus()` method returns an array of objects containing information about
installed: model, speed (in MHz), and times (an object containing the number of each CPU/core installed.
milliseconds the CPU/core spent in: user, nice, sys, idle, and irq).
Example inspection of os.cpus: The properties included on each object include:
* `model` {String}
* `speed` {number} (in MHz)
* `times` {Object}
* `user` {number} The number of milliseconds the CPU has spent in user mode.
* `nice` {number} The number of milliseconds the CPU has spent in nice mode.
* `sys` {number} The number of milliseconds the CPU has spent in sys mode.
* `idle` {number} The number of milliseconds the CPU has spent in idle mode.
* `irq` {number} The number of milliseconds the CPU has spent in irq mode.
For example:
```js ```js
[ { model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz', [
{
model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz',
speed: 2926, speed: 2926,
times: times: {
{ user: 252020, user: 252020,
nice: 0, nice: 0,
sys: 30340, sys: 30340,
idle: 1070356870, idle: 1070356870,
irq: 0 } }, irq: 0
{ model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz', }
},
{
model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz',
speed: 2926, speed: 2926,
times: times: {
{ user: 306960, user: 306960,
nice: 0, nice: 0,
sys: 26980, sys: 26980,
idle: 1071569080, idle: 1071569080,
irq: 0 } }, irq: 0
{ model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz', }
},
{
model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz',
speed: 2926, speed: 2926,
times: times: {
{ user: 248450, user: 248450,
nice: 0, nice: 0,
sys: 21750, sys: 21750,
idle: 1070919370, idle: 1070919370,
irq: 0 } }, irq: 0
{ model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz', }
},
{
model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz',
speed: 2926, speed: 2926,
times: times: {
{ user: 256880, user: 256880,
nice: 0, nice: 0,
sys: 19430, sys: 19430,
idle: 1070905480, idle: 1070905480,
irq: 20 } }, irq: 20
{ model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz', }
},
{
model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz',
speed: 2926, speed: 2926,
times: times: {
{ user: 511580, user: 511580,
nice: 20, nice: 20,
sys: 40900, sys: 40900,
idle: 1070842510, idle: 1070842510,
irq: 0 } }, irq: 0
{ model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz', }
},
{
model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz',
speed: 2926, speed: 2926,
times: times: {
{ user: 291660, user: 291660,
nice: 0, nice: 0,
sys: 34360, sys: 34360,
idle: 1070888000, idle: 1070888000,
irq: 10 } }, irq: 10
{ model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz', }
},
{
model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz',
speed: 2926, speed: 2926,
times: times: {
{ user: 308260, user: 308260,
nice: 0, nice: 0,
sys: 55410, sys: 55410,
idle: 1071129970, idle: 1071129970,
irq: 880 } }, irq: 880
{ model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz', }
},
{
model: 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 860 @ 2.80GHz',
speed: 2926, speed: 2926,
times: times: {
{ user: 266450, user: 266450,
nice: 1480, nice: 1480,
sys: 34920, sys: 34920,
idle: 1072572010, idle: 1072572010,
irq: 30 } } ] irq: 30
}
}
]
``` ```
Note that since `nice` values are UNIX centric in Windows the `nice` values of *Note*: Because `nice` values are UNIX-specific, on Windows the `nice` values of
all processors are always 0. all processors are always 0.
## os.endianness() ## os.endianness()
@ -114,124 +161,186 @@ all processors are always 0.
added: v0.9.4 added: v0.9.4
--> -->
Returns the endianness of the CPU. Possible values are `'BE'` for big endian The `os.endianness()` method returns a string identifying the endianness of the
or `'LE'` for little endian. CPU *for which the Node.js binary was compiled*.
Possible values are:
* `'BE'` for big endian
* `'LE'` for little endian.
## os.freemem() ## os.freemem()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.3.3 added: v0.3.3
--> -->
Returns the amount of free system memory in bytes. The `os.freemem()` method returns the amount of free system memory in bytes as
an integer.
## os.homedir() ## os.homedir()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v2.3.0 added: v2.3.0
--> -->
Returns the home directory of the current user. The `os.homedir()` method returns the home directory of the current user as a
string.
## os.hostname() ## os.hostname()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.3.3 added: v0.3.3
--> -->
Returns the hostname of the operating system. The `os.hostname()` method returns the hostname of the operating system as a
string.
## os.loadavg() ## os.loadavg()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.3.3 added: v0.3.3
--> -->
Returns an array containing the 1, 5, and 15 minute load averages. The `os.loadavg()` method returns an array containing the 1, 5, and 15 minute
load averages.
The load average is a measure of system activity, calculated by the operating The load average is a measure of system activity, calculated by the operating
system and expressed as a fractional number. As a rule of thumb, the load system and expressed as a fractional number. As a rule of thumb, the load
average should ideally be less than the number of logical CPUs in the system. average should ideally be less than the number of logical CPUs in the system.
The load average is a very UNIX-y concept; there is no real equivalent on The load average is a UNIX-specific concept with no real equivalent on
Windows platforms. That is why this function always returns `[0, 0, 0]` on Windows platforms. On Windows, the return value is always `[0, 0, 0]`.
Windows.
## os.networkInterfaces() ## os.networkInterfaces()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.6.0 added: v0.6.0
--> -->
Get a list of network interfaces: The `os.networkInterfaces()` method returns an object containing only network
interfaces that have been assigned a network address.
Each key on the returned object identifies a network interface. The associated
value is an array of objects that each describe an assigned network address.
The properties available on the assigned network address object include:
* `address` {String} The assigned IPv4 or IPv6 address
* `netmask` {String} The IPv4 or IPv6 network mask
* `family` {String} Either `IPv4` or `IPv6`
* `mac` {String} The MAC address of the network interface
* `internal` {boolean} `true` if the network interface is a loopback or
similar interface that is not remotely accessible; otherwise `false`
* `scopeid` {number} The numeric IPv6 scope ID (only specified when `family`
is `IPv6`)
```js ```js
{ lo: {
[ { address: '127.0.0.1', lo: [
netmask: '255.0.0.0', {
family: 'IPv4', address: '127.0.0.1',
mac: '00:00:00:00:00:00', netmask: '255.0.0.0',
internal: true }, family: 'IPv4',
{ address: '::1', mac: '00:00:00:00:00:00',
netmask: 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', internal: true
family: 'IPv6', },
mac: '00:00:00:00:00:00', {
internal: true } ], address: '::1',
eth0: netmask: 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff',
[ { address: '192.168.1.108', family: 'IPv6',
netmask: '255.255.255.0', mac: '00:00:00:00:00:00',
family: 'IPv4', internal: true
mac: '01:02:03:0a:0b:0c', }
internal: false }, ],
{ address: 'fe80::a00:27ff:fe4e:66a1', eth0: [
netmask: 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', {
family: 'IPv6', address: '192.168.1.108',
mac: '01:02:03:0a:0b:0c', netmask: '255.255.255.0',
internal: false } ] } family: 'IPv4',
mac: '01:02:03:0a:0b:0c',
internal: false
},
{
address: 'fe80::a00:27ff:fe4e:66a1',
netmask: 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::',
family: 'IPv6',
mac: '01:02:03:0a:0b:0c',
internal: false
}
]
}
``` ```
Note that due to the underlying implementation this will only return network
interfaces that have been assigned an address.
## os.platform() ## os.platform()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.5.0 added: v0.5.0
--> -->
Returns the operating system platform. Possible values are `'darwin'`, The `os.platform()` method returns a string identifying the operating system
`'freebsd'`, `'linux'`, `'sunos'` or `'win32'`. Returns the value of platform as set during compile time of Node.js.
[`process.platform`][].
Currently possible values are:
* `'aix'`
* `'darwin'`
* `'freebsd'`
* `'linux'`
* `'openbsd'`
* `'sunos'`
* `'win32'`
Equivalent to [`process.platform`][].
*Note*: The value `'android'` may also be returned if the Node.js is built on
the Android operating system. However, Android support in Node.js is considered
to be experimental at this time.
## os.release() ## os.release()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.3.3 added: v0.3.3
--> -->
Returns the operating system release. The `os.release()` method returns a string identifying the operating system
release.
*Note*: On POSIX systems, the operating system release is determined by calling
uname(3). On Windows, `GetVersionExW()` is used. Please see
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples for more information.
## os.tmpdir() ## os.tmpdir()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.9.9 added: v0.9.9
--> -->
Returns the operating system's default directory for temporary files. The `os.tmpdir()` method returns a string specifying the operating system's
default directory for temporary files.
## os.totalmem() ## os.totalmem()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.3.3 added: v0.3.3
--> -->
Returns the total amount of system memory in bytes. The `os.totalmem()` method returns the total amount of system memory in bytes
as an integer.
## os.type() ## os.type()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.3.3 added: v0.3.3
--> -->
Returns the operating system name. For example `'Linux'` on Linux, `'Darwin'` The `os.type()` method returns a string identifying the operating system name
on OS X and `'Windows_NT'` on Windows. as returned by uname(3). For example `'Linux'` on Linux, `'Darwin'` on OS X and
`'Windows_NT'` on Windows.
Please see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples for additional
information about the output of running uname(3) on various operating systems.
## os.uptime() ## os.uptime()
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
added: v0.3.3 added: v0.3.3
--> -->
Returns the system uptime in seconds. The `os.uptime()` method returns the system uptime in number of seconds.
*Note*: Within Node.js' internals, this number is represented as a `double`.
However, fractional seconds are not returned and the value can typically be
treated as an integer.
## os.userInfo([options]) ## os.userInfo([options])
<!-- YAML <!-- YAML
@ -243,13 +352,14 @@ added: v6.0.0
If `encoding` is set to `'buffer'`, the `username`, `shell`, and `homedir` If `encoding` is set to `'buffer'`, the `username`, `shell`, and `homedir`
values will be `Buffer` instances. (Default: 'utf8') values will be `Buffer` instances. (Default: 'utf8')
Returns a subset of the password file entry for the current effective user. The The `os.userInfo()` method returns information about the currently effective
user -- on POSIX platforms, this is typically a subset of the password file. The
returned object includes the `username`, `uid`, `gid`, `shell`, and `homedir`. returned object includes the `username`, `uid`, `gid`, `shell`, and `homedir`.
On Windows, the `uid` and `gid` fields are `-1`, and `shell` is `null`. On Windows, the `uid` and `gid` fields are `-1`, and `shell` is `null`.
The value of `homedir` returned by `userInfo()` comes directly from the The value of `homedir` returned by `os.userInfo()` is provided by the operating
operating system. This differs from the result of `os.homedir()`, which queries system. This differs from the result of `os.homedir()`, which queries several
several environment variables for the home directory before falling back to the environment variables for the home directory before falling back to the
operating system response. operating system response.
## OS Constants ## OS Constants
@ -273,7 +383,7 @@ The following signal constants are exported by `os.constants.signals`:
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td><code>SIGINT</code></td> <td><code>SIGINT</code></td>
<td>Sent to indicate when a user wishes to interrupt a process <td>Sent to indicate when a user wishes to interrupt a process
(`(Ctrl+C)`).</td> (`(Ctrl+C)`).</td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
@ -304,7 +414,7 @@ The following signal constants are exported by `os.constants.signals`:
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td><code>SIGFPE</code></td> <td><code>SIGFPE</code></td>
<td>Sent to a process to notify that it has performed an illegal arithmetic <td>Sent to a process to notify that it has performed an illegal arithmetic
operation.</td> operation.</td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>

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