From a18dd7b7882ca955075ad977a5e7838c792bb76f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Karl Skomski Date: Thu, 3 Sep 2015 10:10:30 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] src: replace naive search in Buffer::IndexOf Adds the string search implementation from v8 which uses naive search if pattern length < 8 or to a specific badness then uses Boyer-Moore-Horspool Added benchmark shows the expected improvements Added option to use ucs2 encoding with Buffer::IndexOf Reviewed-By: James M Snell Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2539 --- benchmark/buffers/buffer-indexof.js | 38 + benchmark/fixtures/alice.html | 3865 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ lib/buffer.js | 45 +- node.gyp | 1 + src/node_buffer.cc | 178 +- src/string_search.cc | 10 + src/string_search.h | 671 +++++ test/parallel/test-buffer-indexof.js | 187 ++ 8 files changed, 4935 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-) create mode 100644 benchmark/buffers/buffer-indexof.js create mode 100644 benchmark/fixtures/alice.html create mode 100644 src/string_search.cc create mode 100644 src/string_search.h diff --git a/benchmark/buffers/buffer-indexof.js b/benchmark/buffers/buffer-indexof.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c575f54b6a --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmark/buffers/buffer-indexof.js @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +var common = require('../common.js'); +var fs = require('fs'); + +var bench = common.createBenchmark(main, { + search: ['@', 'SQ', '10x', '--l', 'Alice', 'Gryphon', 'Panther', + 'Ou est ma chatte?', 'found it very', 'among mad people', + 'neighbouring pool', 'Soo--oop', 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa', + 'venture to go near the house till she had brought herself down to', + ' to the Caterpillar'], + encoding: ['undefined', 'utf8', 'ucs2', 'binary'], + type: ['buffer', 'string'], + iter: [1] +}); + +function main(conf) { + var iter = (conf.iter) * 100000; + var aliceBuffer = fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/../fixtures/alice.html'); + var search = conf.search; + var encoding = conf.encoding; + + if (encoding === 'undefined') { + encoding = undefined; + } + + if (encoding === 'ucs2') { + aliceBuffer = new Buffer(aliceBuffer.toString(), encoding); + } + + if (conf.type === 'buffer') { + search = new Buffer(new Buffer(search).toString(), encoding); + } + + bench.start(); + for (var i = 0; i < iter; i++) { + aliceBuffer.indexOf(search, 0, encoding); + } + bench.end(iter); +} diff --git a/benchmark/fixtures/alice.html b/benchmark/fixtures/alice.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a794e2582a --- /dev/null +++ b/benchmark/fixtures/alice.html @@ -0,0 +1,3865 @@ +The Project Gutenberg Etext of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll 
+The Project Gutenberg Etext of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
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+Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
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+[Also known as "Alice in Wonderland"]
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+by Lewis Carroll
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+May, 1997  [Etext #928]
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+

ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND

+ +

Lewis Carroll

+ +

THE MILLENNIUM FULCRUM EDITION 3.0

+ +
+

CHAPTER I

+ +

Down the Rabbit-Hole

+ +

Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister +on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had +peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no +pictures or conversations in it, 'and what is the use of a book,' +thought Alice 'without pictures or conversation?'

+ +

So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, +for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether +the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble +of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White +Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.

+ +

There was nothing so very remarkable in that; nor did +Alice think it so very much out of the way to hear the +Rabbit say to itself, 'Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be late!' (when +she thought it over afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought +to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite +natural); but when the Rabbit actually took a watch out of its +waistcoat-pocket, and looked at it, and then hurried on, +Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that +she had never before seen a rabbit with either a +waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with +curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and fortunately was +just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the +hedge.

+ +

In another moment down went Alice after it, never once +considering how in the world she was to get out again.

+ +

The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, +and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a +moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself +falling down a very deep well.

+ +

Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for +she had plenty of time as she went down to look about her and to +wonder what was going to happen next. First, she tried to look +down and make out what she was coming to, but it was too dark to +see anything; then she looked at the sides of the well, and +noticed that they were filled with cupboards and book-shelves; +here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs. She took +down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed; it was labelled +'ORANGE MARMALADE', but to her great disappointment it was empty: +she did not like to drop the jar for fear of killing somebody, so +managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past +it.

+ +

'Well!' thought Alice to herself, 'after such a fall as this, +I shall think nothing of tumbling down stairs! How brave they'll +all think me at home! Why, I wouldn't say anything about it, even +if I fell off the top of the house!' (Which was very likely +true.)

+ +

Down, down, down. Would the fall never come to an end! +'I wonder how many miles I've fallen by this time?' she said +aloud. 'I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. +Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think--' +(for, you see, Alice had learnt several things of this sort in +her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this was not a very +good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no +one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over) +'--yes, that's about the right distance--but then I wonder what +Latitude or Longitude I've got to?' (Alice had no idea what +Latitude was, or Longitude either, but thought they were nice +grand words to say.)

+ +

Presently she began again. 'I wonder if I shall fall right +through the earth! How funny it'll seem to come out among +the people that walk with their heads downward! The Antipathies, +I think--' (she was rather glad there was no one listening, this +time, as it didn't sound at all the right word) '--but I shall +have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know. +Please, Ma'am, is this New Zealand or Australia?' (and she tried +to curtsey as she spoke--fancy curtseying as you're +falling through the air! Do you think you could manage it?) 'And +what an ignorant little girl she'll think me for asking! No, +it'll never do to ask: perhaps I shall see it written up +somewhere.'

+ +

Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon +began talking again. 'Dinah'll miss me very much to-night, I +should think!' (Dinah was the cat.) 'I hope they'll remember her +saucer of milk at tea-time. Dinah my dear! I wish you were down +here with me! There are no mice in the air, I'm afraid, but you +might catch a bat, and that's very like a mouse, you know. But do +cats eat bats, I wonder?' And here Alice began to get rather +sleepy, and went on saying to herself, in a dreamy sort of way, +'Do cats eat bats? Do cats eat bats?' and sometimes, 'Do bats eat +cats?' for, you see, as she couldn't answer either question, it +didn't much matter which way she put it. She felt that she was +dozing off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand +in hand with Dinah, and saying to her very earnestly, 'Now, +Dinah, tell me the truth: did you ever eat a bat?' when suddenly, +thump! thump! down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves, +and the fall was over.

+ +

Alice was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in +a moment: she looked up, but it was all dark overhead; before her +was another long passage, and the White Rabbit was still in +sight, hurrying down it. There was not a moment to be lost: away +went Alice like the wind, and was just in time to hear it say, as +it turned a corner, 'Oh my ears and whiskers, how late it's +getting!' She was close behind it when she turned the corner, but +the Rabbit was no longer to be seen: she found herself in a long, +low hall, which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging from the +roof.

+ +

There were doors all round the hall, but they were all locked; +and when Alice had been all the way down one side and up the +other, trying every door, she walked sadly down the middle, +wondering how she was ever to get out again.

+ +

Suddenly she came upon a little three-legged table, all made +of solid glass; there was nothing on it except a tiny golden key, +and Alice's first thought was that it might belong to one of the +doors of the hall; but, alas! either the locks were too large, or +the key was too small, but at any rate it would not open any of +them. However, on the second time round, she came upon a low +curtain she had not noticed before, and behind it was a little +door about fifteen inches high: she tried the little golden key +in the lock, and to her great delight it fitted!

+ +

Alice opened the door and found that it led into a small +passage, not much larger than a rat-hole: she knelt down and +looked along the passage into the loveliest garden you ever saw. +How she longed to get out of that dark hall, and wander about +among those beds of bright flowers and those cool fountains, but +she could not even get her head though the doorway; 'and even if +my head would go through,' thought poor Alice, 'it would +be of very little use without my shoulders. Oh, how I wish I +could shut up like a telescope! I think I could, if I only know +how to begin.' For, you see, so many out-of-the-way things had +happened lately, that Alice had begun to think that very few +things indeed were really impossible.

+ +

There seemed to be no use in waiting by the little door, so +she went back to the table, half hoping she might find another +key on it, or at any rate a book of rules for shutting people up +like telescopes: this time she found a little bottle on it, +('which certainly was not here before,' said Alice,) and round +the neck of the bottle was a paper label, with the words 'DRINK +ME' beautifully printed on it in large letters.

+ +

It was all very well to say 'Drink me,' but the wise little +Alice was not going to do that in a hurry. 'No, I'll look +first,' she said, 'and see whether it's marked "poison" or +not'; for she had read several nice little histories about +children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild beasts and other +unpleasant things, all because they would not remember the +simple rules their friends had taught them: such as, that a +red-hot poker will burn you if you hold it too long; and that if +you cut your finger very deeply with a knife, it usually +bleeds; and she had never forgotten that, if you drink much from +a bottle marked 'poison,' it is almost certain to disagree +with you, sooner or later.

+ +

However, this bottle was not marked 'poison,' so Alice +ventured to taste it, and finding it very nice, (it had, in fact, +a sort of mixed flavour of cherry-tart, custard, pine-apple, +roast turkey, toffee, and hot buttered toast,) she very soon +finished it off.

+ +

+
+*     *     *     *     * +
+*     *     *     * +
+*     *     *     *     * +
+

+ +

'What a curious feeling!' said Alice; 'I must be shutting up +like a telescope.'

+ +

And so it was indeed: she was now only ten inches high, and +her face brightened up at the thought that she was now the right +size for going through the little door into that lovely garden. +First, however, she waited for a few minutes to see if she was +going to shrink any further: she felt a little nervous about +this; 'for it might end, you know,' said Alice to herself, 'in my +going out altogether, like a candle. I wonder what I should be +like then?' And she tried to fancy what the flame of a candle is +like after the candle is blown out, for she could not remember +ever having seen such a thing.

+ +

After a while, finding that nothing more happened, she decided +on going into the garden at once; but, alas for poor Alice! when +she got to the door, she found she had forgotten the little +golden key, and when she went back to the table for it, she found +she could not possibly reach it: she could see it quite plainly +through the glass, and she tried her best to climb up one of the +legs of the table, but it was too slippery; and when she had +tired herself out with trying, the poor little thing sat down and +cried.

+ +

'Come, there's no use in crying like that!' said Alice to +herself, rather sharply; 'I advise you to leave off this minute!' +She generally gave herself very good advice, (though she very +seldom followed it), and sometimes she scolded herself so +severely as to bring tears into her eyes; and once she remembered +trying to box her own ears for having cheated herself in a game +of croquet she was playing against herself, for this curious +child was very fond of pretending to be two people. 'But it's no +use now,' thought poor Alice, 'to pretend to be two people! Why, +there's hardly enough of me left to make one respectable +person!'

+ +

Soon her eye fell on a little glass box that was lying under +the table: she opened it, and found in it a very small cake, on +which the words 'EAT ME' were beautifully marked in currants. +'Well, I'll eat it,' said Alice, 'and if it makes me grow larger, +I can reach the key; and if it makes me grow smaller, I can creep +under the door; so either way I'll get into the garden, and I +don't care which happens!'

+ +

She ate a little bit, and said anxiously to herself, 'Which +way? Which way?', holding her hand on the top of her head to feel +which way it was growing, and she was quite surprised to find +that she remained the same size: to be sure, this generally +happens when one eats cake, but Alice had got so much into the +way of expecting nothing but out-of-the-way things to happen, +that it seemed quite dull and stupid for life to go on in the +common way.

+ +

So she set to work, and very soon finished off the cake.

+ +

+
+*     *     *     *     * +
+*     *     *     * +
+*     *     *     *     * +
+

+ +
+

CHAPTER II

+ +

The Pool of Tears

+ +

'Curiouser and curiouser!' cried Alice (she was so much +surprised, that for the moment she quite forgot how to speak good +English); 'now I'm opening out like the largest telescope that +ever was! Good-bye, feet!' (for when she looked down at her feet, +they seemed to be almost out of sight, they were getting so far +off). 'Oh, my poor little feet, I wonder who will put on your +shoes and stockings for you now, dears? I'm sure I shan't +be able! I shall be a great deal too far off to trouble myself +about you: you must manage the best way you can; --but I must be +kind to them,' thought Alice, 'or perhaps they won't walk the way +I want to go! Let me see: I'll give them a new pair of boots +every Christmas.'

+ +

And she went on planning to herself how she would manage it. +'They must go by the carrier,' she thought; 'and how funny it'll +seem, sending presents to one's own feet! And how odd the +directions will look!

+ +
ALICE'S RIGHT FOOT, ESQ. +

HEARTHRUG,

+ +

NEAR THE FENDER,

+ +

(WITH ALICE'S LOVE).

+
+ +

Oh dear, what nonsense I'm talking!'

+ +

Just then her head struck against the roof of the hall: in +fact she was now more than nine feet high, and she at once took +up the little golden key and hurried off to the garden door.

+ +

Poor Alice! It was as much as she could do, lying down on one +side, to look through into the garden with one eye; but to get +through was more hopeless than ever: she sat down and began to +cry again.

+ +

'You ought to be ashamed of yourself,' said Alice, 'a great +girl like you,' (she might well say this), 'to go on crying in +this way! Stop this moment, I tell you!' But she went on all the +same, shedding gallons of tears, until there was a large pool all +round her, about four inches deep and reaching half down the +hall.

+ +

After a time she heard a little pattering of feet in the +distance, and she hastily dried her eyes to see what was coming. +It was the White Rabbit returning, splendidly dressed, with a +pair of white kid gloves in one hand and a large fan in the +other: he came trotting along in a great hurry, muttering to +himself as he came, 'Oh! the Duchess, the Duchess! Oh! +won't she be savage if I've kept her waiting!' Alice felt +so desperate that she was ready to ask help of any one; so, when +the Rabbit came near her, she began, in a low, timid voice, 'If +you please, sir--' The Rabbit started violently, dropped the +white kid gloves and the fan, and skurried away into the darkness +as hard as he could go.

+ +

Alice took up the fan and gloves, and, as the hall was very +hot, she kept fanning herself all the time she went on talking: +'Dear, dear! How queer everything is to-day! And yesterday things +went on just as usual. I wonder if I've been changed in the +night? Let me think: was I the same when I got up this +morning? I almost think I can remember feeling a little +different. But if I'm not the same, the next question is, Who in +the world am I? Ah, that's the great puzzle!' And she +began thinking over all the children she knew that were of the +same age as herself, to see if she could have been changed for +any of them.

+ +

'I'm sure I'm not Ada,' she said, 'for her hair goes in such +long ringlets, and mine doesn't go in ringlets at all; and I'm +sure I can't be Mabel, for I know all sorts of things, and she, +oh! she knows such a very little! Besides, she's she, and +I'm I, and--oh dear, how puzzling it all is! I'll try if I +know all the things I used to know. Let me see: four times five +is twelve, and four times six is thirteen, and four times seven +is--oh dear! I shall never get to twenty at that rate! However, +the Multiplication Table doesn't signify: let's try Geography. +London is the capital of Paris, and Paris is the capital of Rome, +and Rome--no, that's all wrong, I'm certain! I must have +been changed for Mabel! I'll try and say "How doth the +little--"' and she crossed her hands on her lap as if she +were saying lessons, and began to repeat it, but her voice +sounded hoarse and strange, and the words did not come the same +as they used to do:--

+ +
'How doth the little crocodile +

Improve his shining tail,

+ +

And pour the waters of the Nile

+ +

On every golden scale!

+ +


+'How cheerfully he seems to grin,

+ +

How neatly spread his claws,

+ +

And welcome little fishes in

+ +

With gently smiling jaws!'

+
+ +

'I'm sure those are not the right words,' said poor Alice, and +her eyes filled with tears again as she went on, 'I must be Mabel +after all, and I shall have to go and live in that poky little +house, and have next to no toys to play with, and oh! ever so +many lessons to learn! No, I've made up my mind about it; if I'm +Mabel, I'll stay down here! It'll be no use their putting their +heads down and saying "Come up again, dear!" I shall only look up +and say "Who am I then? Tell me that first, and then, if I like +being that person, I'll come up: if not, I'll stay down here till +I'm somebody else"--but, oh dear!' cried Alice, with a sudden +burst of tears, 'I do wish they would put their heads +down! I am so very tired of being all alone here!'

+ +

As she said this she looked down at her hands, and was +surprised to see that she had put on one of the Rabbit's little +white kid gloves while she was talking. 'How can I have +done that?' she thought. 'I must be growing small again.' She got +up and went to the table to measure herself by it, and found +that, as nearly as she could guess, she was now about two feet +high, and was going on shrinking rapidly: she soon found out that +the cause of this was the fan she was holding, and she dropped it +hastily, just in time to avoid shrinking away altogether.

+ +

'That was a narrow escape!' said Alice, a good deal +frightened at the sudden change, but very glad to find herself +still in existence; 'and now for the garden!' and she ran with +all speed back to the little door: but, alas! the little door was +shut again, and the little golden key was lying on the glass +table as before, 'and things are worse than ever,' thought the +poor child, 'for I never was so small as this before, never! And +I declare it's too bad, that it is!'

+ +

As she said these words her foot slipped, and in another +moment, splash! she was up to her chin in salt water. Her first +idea was that she had somehow fallen into the sea, 'and in that +case I can go back by railway,' she said to herself. (Alice had +been to the seaside once in her life, and had come to the general +conclusion, that wherever you go to on the English coast you find +a number of bathing machines in the sea, some children digging in +the sand with wooden spades, then a row of lodging houses, and +behind them a railway station.) However, she soon made out that +she was in the pool of tears which she had wept when she was nine +feet high.

+ +

'I wish I hadn't cried so much!' said Alice, as she swam +about, trying to find her way out. 'I shall be punished for it +now, I suppose, by being drowned in my own tears! That +will be a queer thing, to be sure! However, everything is +queer to-day.'

+ +

Just then she heard something splashing about in the pool a +little way off, and she swam nearer to make out what it was: at +first she thought it must be a walrus or hippopotamus, but then +she remembered how small she was now, and she soon made out that +it was only a mouse that had slipped in like herself.

+ +

'Would it be of any use, now,' thought Alice, 'to speak to +this mouse? Everything is so out-of-the-way down here, that I +should think very likely it can talk: at any rate, there's no +harm in trying.' So she began: 'O Mouse, do you know the way out +of this pool? I am very tired of swimming about here, O Mouse!' +(Alice thought this must be the right way of speaking to a mouse: +she had never done such a thing before, but she remembered having +seen in her brother's Latin Grammar, 'A mouse--of a mouse--to a +mouse--a mouse--O mouse!') The Mouse looked at her rather +inquisitively, and seemed to her to wink with one of its little +eyes, but it said nothing.

+ +

'Perhaps it doesn't understand English,' thought Alice; 'I +daresay it's a French mouse, come over with William the +Conqueror.' (For, with all her knowledge of history, Alice had no +very clear notion how long ago anything had happened.) So she +began again: 'Ou est ma chatte?' which was the first sentence in +her French lesson-book. The Mouse gave a sudden leap out of the +water, and seemed to quiver all over with fright. 'Oh, I beg your +pardon!' cried Alice hastily, afraid that she had hurt the poor +animal's feelings. 'I quite forgot you didn't like cats.'

+ +

'Not like cats!' cried the Mouse, in a shrill, passionate +voice. 'Would you like cats if you were me?'

+ +

'Well, perhaps not,' said Alice in a soothing tone: 'don't be +angry about it. And yet I wish I could show you our cat Dinah: I +think you'd take a fancy to cats if you could only see her. She +is such a dear quiet thing,' Alice went on, half to herself, as +she swam lazily about in the pool, 'and she sits purring so +nicely by the fire, licking her paws and washing her face--and +she is such a nice soft thing to nurse--and she's such a capital +one for catching mice--oh, I beg your pardon!' cried Alice again, +for this time the Mouse was bristling all over, and she felt +certain it must be really offended. 'We won't talk about her any +more if you'd rather not.'

+ +

'We indeed!' cried the Mouse, who was trembling down to the +end of his tail. 'As if I would talk on such a subject! Our +family always hated cats: nasty, low, vulgar things! Don't +let me hear the name again!'

+ +

'I won't indeed!' said Alice, in a great hurry to change the +subject of conversation. 'Are you--are you fond--of--of dogs?' +The Mouse did not answer, so Alice went on eagerly: 'There is +such a nice little dog near our house I should like to show you! +A little bright-eyed terrier, you know, with oh, such long curly +brown hair! And it'll fetch things when you throw them, and it'll +sit up and beg for its dinner, and all sorts of things--I can't +remember half of them--and it belongs to a farmer, you know, and +he says it's so useful, it's worth a hundred pounds! He says it +kills all the rats and--oh dear!' cried Alice in a sorrowful +tone, 'I'm afraid I've offended it again!' For the Mouse was +swimming away from her as hard as it could go, and making quite a +commotion in the pool as it went.

+ +

So she called softly after it, 'Mouse dear! Do come back +again, and we won't talk about cats or dogs either, if you don't +like them!' When the Mouse heard this, it turned round and swam +slowly back to her: its face was quite pale (with passion, Alice +thought), and it said in a low trembling voice, 'Let us get to +the shore, and then I'll tell you my history, and you'll +understand why it is I hate cats and dogs.'

+ +

It was high time to go, for the pool was getting quite crowded +with the birds and animals that had fallen into it: there were a +Duck and a Dodo, a Lory and an Eaglet, and several other curious +creatures. Alice led the way, and the whole party swam to the +shore.

+ +
+

CHAPTER III

+ +

A Caucus-Race and a Long Tale

+ +

They were indeed a queer-looking party that assembled on the +bank--the birds with draggled feathers, the animals with their +fur clinging close to them, and all dripping wet, cross, and +uncomfortable.

+ +

The first question of course was, how to get dry again: they +had a consultation about this, and after a few minutes it seemed +quite natural to Alice to find herself talking familiarly with +them, as if she had known them all her life. Indeed, she had +quite a long argument with the Lory, who at last turned sulky, +and would only say, 'I am older than you, and must know better'; +and this Alice would not allow without knowing how old it was, +and, as the Lory positively refused to tell its age, there was no +more to be said.

+ +

At last the Mouse, who seemed to be a person of authority +among them, called out, 'Sit down, all of you, and listen to me! +I'll soon make you dry enough!' They all sat down at once, +in a large ring, with the Mouse in the middle. Alice kept her +eyes anxiously fixed on it, for she felt sure she would catch a +bad cold if she did not get dry very soon.

+ +

'Ahem!' said the Mouse with an important air, 'are you all +ready? This is the driest thing I know. Silence all round, if you +please! "William the Conqueror, whose cause was favoured by the +pope, was soon submitted to by the English, who wanted leaders, +and had been of late much accustomed to usurpation and conquest. +Edwin and Morcar, the earls of Mercia and Northumbria--"'

+ +

'Ugh!' said the Lory, with a shiver.

+ +

'I beg your pardon!' said the Mouse, frowning, but very +politely: 'Did you speak?'

+ +

'Not I!' said the Lory hastily.

+ +

'I thought you did,' said the Mouse. '--I proceed. "Edwin and +Morcar, the earls of Mercia and Northumbria, declared for him: +and even Stigand, the patriotic archbishop of Canterbury, found +it advisable--"'

+ +

'Found what?' said the Duck.

+ +

'Found it,' the Mouse replied rather crossly: 'of +course you know what "it" means.'

+ +

'I know what "it" means well enough, when I find a +thing,' said the Duck: 'it's generally a frog or a worm. The +question is, what did the archbishop find?'

+ +

The Mouse did not notice this question, but hurriedly went on, +'"--found it advisable to go with Edgar Atheling to meet William +and offer him the crown. William's conduct at first was moderate. +But the insolence of his Normans--" How are you getting on now, +my dear?' it continued, turning to Alice as it spoke.

+ +

'As wet as ever,' said Alice in a melancholy tone: 'it doesn't +seem to dry me at all.'

+ +

'In that case,' said the Dodo solemnly, rising to its feet, 'I +move that the meeting adjourn, for the immediate adoption of more +energetic remedies--'

+ +

'Speak English!' said the Eaglet. 'I don't know the meaning of +half those long words, and, what's more, I don't believe you do +either!' And the Eaglet bent down its head to hide a smile: some +of the other birds tittered audibly.

+ +

'What I was going to say,' said the Dodo in an offended tone, +'was, that the best thing to get us dry would be a +Caucus-race.'

+ +

'What is a Caucus-race?' said Alice; not that she +wanted much to know, but the Dodo had paused as if it thought +that somebody ought to speak, and no one else seemed +inclined to say anything.

+ +

'Why,' said the Dodo, 'the best way to explain it is to do +it.' (And, as you might like to try the thing yourself, some +winter day, I will tell you how the Dodo managed it.)

+ +

First it marked out a race-course, in a sort of circle, ('the +exact shape doesn't matter,' it said,) and then all the party +were placed along the course, here and there. There was no 'One, +two, three, and away,' but they began running when they liked, +and left off when they liked, so that it was not easy to know +when the race was over. However, when they had been running half +an hour or so, and were quite dry again, the Dodo suddenly called +out 'The race is over!' and they all crowded round it, panting, +and asking, 'But who has won?'

+ +

This question the Dodo could not answer without a great deal +of thought, and it sat for a long time with one finger pressed +upon its forehead (the position in which you usually see +Shakespeare, in the pictures of him), while the rest waited in +silence. At last the Dodo said, 'everybody has won, and +all must have prizes.'

+ +

'But who is to give the prizes?' quite a chorus of voices +asked.

+ +

'Why, she, of course,' said the Dodo, pointing to Alice +with one finger; and the whole party at once crowded round her, +calling out in a confused way, 'Prizes! Prizes!'

+ +

Alice had no idea what to do, and in despair she put her hand +in her pocket, and pulled out a box of comfits, (luckily the salt +water had not got into it), and handed them round as prizes. +There was exactly one a-piece all round.

+ +

'But she must have a prize herself, you know,' said the +Mouse.

+ +

'Of course,' the Dodo replied very gravely. 'What else have +you got in your pocket?' he went on, turning to Alice.

+ +

'Only a thimble,' said Alice sadly.

+ +

'Hand it over here,' said the Dodo.

+ +

Then they all crowded round her once more, while the Dodo +solemnly presented the thimble, saying 'We beg your acceptance of +this elegant thimble'; and, when it had finished this short +speech, they all cheered.

+ +

Alice thought the whole thing very absurd, but they all looked +so grave that she did not dare to laugh; and, as she could not +think of anything to say, she simply bowed, and took the thimble, +looking as solemn as she could.

+ +

The next thing was to eat the comfits: this caused some noise +and confusion, as the large birds complained that they could not +taste theirs, and the small ones choked and had to be patted on +the back. However, it was over at last, and they sat down again +in a ring, and begged the Mouse to tell them something more.

+ +

'You promised to tell me your history, you know,' said Alice, +'and why it is you hate--C and D,' she added in a whisper, half +afraid that it would be offended again.

+ +

'Mine is a long and a sad tale!' said the Mouse, turning to +Alice, and sighing.

+ +

'It is a long tail, certainly,' said Alice, looking down with +wonder at the Mouse's tail; 'but why do you call it sad?' And she +kept on puzzling about it while the Mouse was speaking, so that +her idea of the tale was something like this:--

+ +

'Fury said to a mouse, That he met in the house, "Let us both +go to law: I will prosecute you. --Come, I'll take no +denial; We must have a trial: For really this morning I've +nothing to do." Said the mouse to the cur, "Such a trial, dear +Sir, With no jury or judge, would be wasting our breath." "I'll be +judge, I'll be jury," said cunning old Fury: "I'll try the whole +cause, and condemn you to death."'

+ +

'You are not attending!' said the Mouse to Alice severely. +'What are you thinking of?'

+ +

'I beg your pardon,' said Alice very humbly: 'you had got to +the fifth bend, I think?'

+ +

'I had not!' cried the Mouse, sharply and very +angrily.

+ +

'A knot!' said Alice, always ready to make herself useful, and +looking anxiously about her. 'Oh, do let me help to undo it!'

+ +

'I shall do nothing of the sort,' said the Mouse, getting up +and walking away. 'You insult me by talking such nonsense!'

+ +

'I didn't mean it!' pleaded poor Alice. 'But you're so easily +offended, you know!'

+ +

The Mouse only growled in reply.

+ +

'Please come back and finish your story!' Alice called after +it; and the others all joined in chorus, 'Yes, please do!' but +the Mouse only shook its head impatiently, and walked a little +quicker.

+ +

'What a pity it wouldn't stay!' sighed the Lory, as soon as it +was quite out of sight; and an old Crab took the opportunity of +saying to her daughter 'Ah, my dear! Let this be a lesson to you +never to lose your temper!' 'Hold your tongue, Ma!' said +the young Crab, a little snappishly. 'You're enough to try the +patience of an oyster!'

+ +

'I wish I had our Dinah here, I know I do!' said Alice aloud, +addressing nobody in particular. 'She'd soon fetch it back!'

+ +

'And who is Dinah, if I might venture to ask the question?' +said the Lory.

+ +

Alice replied eagerly, for she was always ready to talk about +her pet: 'Dinah's our cat. And she's such a capital one for +catching mice you can't think! And oh, I wish you could see her +after the birds! Why, she'll eat a little bird as soon as look at +it!'

+ +

This speech caused a remarkable sensation among the party. +Some of the birds hurried off at once: one old Magpie began +wrapping itself up very carefully, remarking, 'I really must be +getting home; the night-air doesn't suit my throat!' and a Canary +called out in a trembling voice to its children, 'Come away, my +dears! It's high time you were all in bed!' On various pretexts +they all moved off, and Alice was soon left alone.

+ +

'I wish I hadn't mentioned Dinah!' she said to herself in a +melancholy tone. 'Nobody seems to like her, down here, and I'm +sure she's the best cat in the world! Oh, my dear Dinah! I wonder +if I shall ever see you any more!' And here poor Alice began to +cry again, for she felt very lonely and low-spirited. In a little +while, however, she again heard a little pattering of footsteps +in the distance, and she looked up eagerly, half hoping that the +Mouse had changed his mind, and was coming back to finish his +story.

+ +
+

CHAPTER IV

+ +

The Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill

+ +

It was the White Rabbit, trotting slowly back again, and +looking anxiously about as it went, as if it had lost something; +and she heard it muttering to itself 'The Duchess! The Duchess! +Oh my dear paws! Oh my fur and whiskers! She'll get me executed, +as sure as ferrets are ferrets! Where can I have dropped +them, I wonder?' Alice guessed in a moment that it was looking +for the fan and the pair of white kid gloves, and she very +good-naturedly began hunting about for them, but they were +nowhere to be seen--everything seemed to have changed since her +swim in the pool, and the great hall, with the glass table and +the little door, had vanished completely.

+ +

Very soon the Rabbit noticed Alice, as she went hunting about, +and called out to her in an angry tone, 'Why, Mary Ann, what +are you doing out here? Run home this moment, and fetch me +a pair of gloves and a fan! Quick, now!' And Alice was so much +frightened that she ran off at once in the direction it pointed +to, without trying to explain the mistake it had made.

+ +

'He took me for his housemaid,' she said to herself as she +ran. 'How surprised he'll be when he finds out who I am! But I'd +better take him his fan and gloves--that is, if I can find them.' +As she said this, she came upon a neat little house, on the door +of which was a bright brass plate with the name 'W. RABBIT' +engraved upon it. She went in without knocking, and hurried +upstairs, in great fear lest she should meet the real Mary Ann, +and be turned out of the house before she had found the fan and +gloves.

+ +

'How queer it seems,' Alice said to herself, 'to be going +messages for a rabbit! I suppose Dinah'll be sending me on +messages next!' And she began fancying the sort of thing that +would happen: '"Miss Alice! Come here directly, and get ready for +your walk!" "Coming in a minute, nurse! But I've got to see that +the mouse doesn't get out." Only I don't think,' Alice went on, +'that they'd let Dinah stop in the house if it began ordering +people about like that!'

+ +

By this time she had found her way into a tidy little room +with a table in the window, and on it (as she had hoped) a fan +and two or three pairs of tiny white kid gloves: she took up the +fan and a pair of the gloves, and was just going to leave the +room, when her eye fell upon a little bottle that stood near the +looking- glass. There was no label this time with the words +'DRINK ME,' but nevertheless she uncorked it and put it to her +lips. 'I know something interesting is sure to happen,' +she said to herself, 'whenever I eat or drink anything; so I'll +just see what this bottle does. I do hope it'll make me grow +large again, for really I'm quite tired of being such a tiny +little thing!'

+ +

It did so indeed, and much sooner than she had expected: +before she had drunk half the bottle, she found her head pressing +against the ceiling, and had to stoop to save her neck from being +broken. She hastily put down the bottle, saying to herself +'That's quite enough--I hope I shan't grow any more--As it is, I +can't get out at the door--I do wish I hadn't drunk quite so +much!'

+ +

Alas! it was too late to wish that! She went on growing, and +growing, and very soon had to kneel down on the floor: in another +minute there was not even room for this, and she tried the effect +of lying down with one elbow against the door, and the other arm +curled round her head. Still she went on growing, and, as a last +resource, she put one arm out of the window, and one foot up the +chimney, and said to herself 'Now I can do no more, whatever +happens. What will become of me?'

+ +

Luckily for Alice, the little magic bottle had now had its +full effect, and she grew no larger: still it was very +uncomfortable, and, as there seemed to be no sort of chance of +her ever getting out of the room again, no wonder she felt +unhappy.

+ +

'It was much pleasanter at home,' thought poor Alice, 'when +one wasn't always growing larger and smaller, and being ordered +about by mice and rabbits. I almost wish I hadn't gone down that +rabbit-hole--and yet--and yet--it's rather curious, you know, +this sort of life! I do wonder what can have happened to +me! When I used to read fairy-tales, I fancied that kind of thing +never happened, and now here I am in the middle of one! There +ought to be a book written about me, that there ought! And when I +grow up, I'll write one--but I'm grown up now,' she added in a +sorrowful tone; 'at least there's no room to grow up any more +here.'

+ +

'But then,' thought Alice, 'shall I never get any older +than I am now? That'll be a comfort, one way--never to be an old +woman-- but then--always to have lessons to learn! Oh, I +shouldn't like that!'

+ +

'Oh, you foolish Alice!' she answered herself. 'How can you +learn lessons in here? Why, there's hardly room for you, and no +room at all for any lesson-books!'

+ +

And so she went on, taking first one side and then the other, +and making quite a conversation of it altogether; but after a few +minutes she heard a voice outside, and stopped to listen.

+ +

'Mary Ann! Mary Ann!' said the voice. 'Fetch me my gloves this +moment!' Then came a little pattering of feet on the stairs. +Alice knew it was the Rabbit coming to look for her, and she +trembled till she shook the house, quite forgetting that she was +now about a thousand times as large as the Rabbit, and had no +reason to be afraid of it.

+ +

Presently the Rabbit came up to the door, and tried to open +it; but, as the door opened inwards, and Alice's elbow was +pressed hard against it, that attempt proved a failure. Alice +heard it say to itself 'Then I'll go round and get in at the +window.'

+ +

'That you won't' thought Alice, and, after waiting till +she fancied she heard the Rabbit just under the window, she +suddenly spread out her hand, and made a snatch in the air. She +did not get hold of anything, but she heard a little shriek and a +fall, and a crash of broken glass, from which she concluded that +it was just possible it had fallen into a cucumber-frame, or +something of the sort.

+ +

Next came an angry voice--the Rabbit's--'Pat! Pat! Where are +you?' And then a voice she had never heard before, 'Sure then I'm +here! Digging for apples, yer honour!'

+ +

'Digging for apples, indeed!' said the Rabbit angrily. 'Here! +Come and help me out of this!' (Sounds of more broken +glass.)

+ +

'Now tell me, Pat, what's that in the window?'

+ +

'Sure, it's an arm, yer honour!' (He pronounced it +'arrum.')

+ +

'An arm, you goose! Who ever saw one that size? Why, it fills +the whole window!'

+ +

'Sure, it does, yer honour: but it's an arm for all that.'

+ +

'Well, it's got no business there, at any rate: go and take it +away!'

+ +

There was a long silence after this, and Alice could only hear +whispers now and then; such as, 'Sure, I don't like it, yer +honour, at all, at all!' 'Do as I tell you, you coward!' and at +last she spread out her hand again, and made another snatch in +the air. This time there were two little shrieks, and more +sounds of broken glass. 'What a number of cucumber-frames there +must be!' thought Alice. 'I wonder what they'll do next! As for +pulling me out of the window, I only wish they could! I'm +sure I don't want to stay in here any longer!'

+ +

She waited for some time without hearing anything more: at +last came a rumbling of little cartwheels, and the sound of a +good many voices all talking together: she made out the words: +'Where's the other ladder?--Why, I hadn't to bring but one; +Bill's got the other--Bill! fetch it here, lad!--Here, put 'em up +at this corner--No, tie 'em together first--they don't reach half +high enough yet--Oh! they'll do well enough; don't be +particular-- Here, Bill! catch hold of this rope--Will the roof +bear?--Mind that loose slate--Oh, it's coming down! Heads below!' +(a loud crash)--'Now, who did that?--It was Bill, I fancy--Who's +to go down the chimney?--Nay, I shan't! you do it!--That I +won't, then!--Bill's to go down--Here, Bill! the master says +you're to go down the chimney!'

+ +

'Oh! So Bill's got to come down the chimney, has he?' said +Alice to herself. 'Shy, they seem to put everything upon Bill! I +wouldn't be in Bill's place for a good deal: this fireplace is +narrow, to be sure; but I think I can kick a little!'

+ +

She drew her foot as far down the chimney as she could, and +waited till she heard a little animal (she couldn't guess of what +sort it was) scratching and scrambling about in the chimney close +above her: then, saying to herself 'This is Bill,' she gave one +sharp kick, and waited to see what would happen next.

+ +

The first thing she heard was a general chorus of 'There goes +Bill!' then the Rabbit's voice along--'Catch him, you by the +hedge!' then silence, and then another confusion of voices--'Hold +up his head--Brandy now--Don't choke him--How was it, old fellow? +What happened to you? Tell us all about it!'

+ +

Last came a little feeble, squeaking voice, ('That's Bill,' +thought Alice,) 'Well, I hardly know--No more, thank ye; I'm +better now--but I'm a deal too flustered to tell you--all I know +is, something comes at me like a Jack-in-the-box, and up I goes +like a sky-rocket!'

+ +

'So you did, old fellow!' said the others.

+ +

'We must burn the house down!' said the Rabbit's voice; and +Alice called out as loud as she could, 'If you do. I'll set Dinah +at you!'

+ +

There was a dead silence instantly, and Alice thought to +herself, 'I wonder what they will do next! If they had any +sense, they'd take the roof off.' After a minute or two, they +began moving about again, and Alice heard the Rabbit say, 'A +barrowful will do, to begin with.'

+ +

'A barrowful of what?' thought Alice; but she had not +long to doubt, for the next moment a shower of little pebbles +came rattling in at the window, and some of them hit her in the +face. 'I'll put a stop to this,' she said to herself, and shouted +out, 'You'd better not do that again!' which produced another +dead silence.

+ +

Alice noticed with some surprise that the pebbles were all +turning into little cakes as they lay on the floor, and a bright +idea came into her head. 'If I eat one of these cakes,' she +thought, 'it's sure to make some change in my size; and as +it can't possibly make me larger, it must make me smaller, I +suppose.'

+ +

So she swallowed one of the cakes, and was delighted to find +that she began shrinking directly. As soon as she was small +enough to get through the door, she ran out of the house, and +found quite a crowd of little animals and birds waiting outside. +The poor little Lizard, Bill, was in the middle, being held up by +two guinea-pigs, who were giving it something out of a bottle. +They all made a rush at Alice the moment she appeared; but she +ran off as hard as she could, and soon found herself safe in a +thick wood.

+ +

'The first thing I've got to do,' said Alice to herself, as +she wandered about in the wood, 'is to grow to my right size +again; and the second thing is to find my way into that lovely +garden. I think that will be the best plan.'

+ +

It sounded an excellent plan, no doubt, and very neatly and +simply arranged; the only difficulty was, that she had not the +smallest idea how to set about it; and while she was peering +about anxiously among the trees, a little sharp bark just over +her head made her look up in a great hurry.

+ +

An enormous puppy was looking down at her with large round +eyes, and feebly stretching out one paw, trying to touch her. +'Poor little thing!' said Alice, in a coaxing tone, and she tried +hard to whistle to it; but she was terribly frightened all the +time at the thought that it might be hungry, in which case it +would be very likely to eat her up in spite of all her +coaxing.

+ +

Hardly knowing what she did, she picked up a little bit of +stick, and held it out to the puppy; whereupon the puppy jumped +into the air off all its feet at once, with a yelp of delight, +and rushed at the stick, and made believe to worry it; then Alice +dodged behind a great thistle, to keep herself from being run +over; and the moment she appeared on the other side, the puppy +made another rush at the stick, and tumbled head over heels in +its hurry to get hold of it; then Alice, thinking it was very +like having a game of play with a cart-horse, and expecting every +moment to be trampled under its feet, ran round the thistle +again; then the puppy began a series of short charges at the +stick, running a very little way forwards each time and a long +way back, and barking hoarsely all the while, till at last it sat +down a good way off, panting, with its tongue hanging out of its +mouth, and its great eyes half shut.

+ +

This seemed to Alice a good opportunity for making her escape; +so she set off at once, and ran till she was quite tired and out +of breath, and till the puppy's bark sounded quite faint in the +distance.

+ +

'And yet what a dear little puppy it was!' said Alice, as she +leant against a buttercup to rest herself, and fanned herself +with one of the leaves: 'I should have liked teaching it tricks +very much, if--if I'd only been the right size to do it! Oh dear! +I'd nearly forgotten that I've got to grow up again! Let me +see--how is it to be managed? I suppose I ought to eat or drink +something or other; but the great question is, what?'

+ +

The great question certainly was, what? Alice looked all round +her at the flowers and the blades of grass, but she did not see +anything that looked like the right thing to eat or drink under +the circumstances. There was a large mushroom growing near her, +about the same height as herself; and when she had looked under +it, and on both sides of it, and behind it, it occurred to her +that she might as well look and see what was on the top of +it.

+ +

She stretched herself up on tiptoe, and peeped over the edge +of the mushroom, and her eyes immediately met those of a large +caterpillar, that was sitting on the top with its arms folded, +quietly smoking a long hookah, and taking not the smallest notice +of her or of anything else.

+ +
+

CHAPTER V

+ +

Advice from a Caterpillar

+ +

The Caterpillar and Alice looked at each other for some time +in silence: at last the Caterpillar took the hookah out of its +mouth, and addressed her in a languid, sleepy voice.

+ +

'Who are you?' said the Caterpillar.

+ +

This was not an encouraging opening for a conversation. Alice +replied, rather shyly, 'I--I hardly know, sir, just at present-- +at least I know who I was when I got up this morning, but I think +I must have been changed several times since then.'

+ +

'What do you mean by that?' said the Caterpillar sternly. +'Explain yourself!'

+ +

'I can't explain myself, I'm afraid, sir' said Alice, +'because I'm not myself, you see.'

+ +

'I don't see,' said the Caterpillar.

+ +

'I'm afraid I can't put it more clearly,' Alice replied very +politely, 'for I can't understand it myself to begin with; and +being so many different sizes in a day is very confusing.'

+ +

'It isn't,' said the Caterpillar.

+ +

'Well, perhaps you haven't found it so yet,' said Alice; 'but +when you have to turn into a chrysalis--you will some day, you +know--and then after that into a butterfly, I should think you'll +feel it a little queer, won't you?'

+ +

'Not a bit,' said the Caterpillar.

+ +

'Well, perhaps your feelings may be different,' said Alice; +'all I know is, it would feel very queer to me.'

+ +

'You!' said the Caterpillar contemptuously. 'Who are +you?'

+ +

Which brought them back again to the beginning of the +conversation. Alice felt a little irritated at the Caterpillar's +making such very short remarks, and she drew herself up +and said, very gravely, 'I think, you ought to tell me who +you are, first.'

+ +

'Why?' said the Caterpillar.

+ +

Here was another puzzling question; and as Alice could not +think of any good reason, and as the Caterpillar seemed to be in +a very unpleasant state of mind, she turned away.

+ +

'Come back!' the Caterpillar called after her. 'I've something +important to say!'

+ +

This sounded promising, certainly: Alice turned and came back +again.

+ +

'Keep your temper,' said the Caterpillar.

+ +

'Is that all?' said Alice, swallowing down her anger as well +as she could.

+ +

'No,' said the Caterpillar.

+ +

Alice thought she might as well wait, as she had nothing else +to do, and perhaps after all it might tell her something worth +hearing. For some minutes it puffed away without speaking, but at +last it unfolded its arms, took the hookah out of its mouth +again, and said, 'So you think you're changed, do you?'

+ +

'I'm afraid I am, sir,' said Alice; 'I can't remember things +as I used--and I don't keep the same size for ten minutes +together!'

+ +

'Can't remember what things?' said the Caterpillar.

+ +

'Well, I've tried to say "How doth the little busy +bee," but it all came different!' Alice replied in a very +melancholy voice.

+ +

'Repeat, "you are old, Father William,"' said the +Caterpillar.

+ +

Alice folded her hands, and began:--

+ +

'You are old, Father William,' the young man said, 'And +your hair has become very white; And yet you incessantly stand on +your head-- Do you think, at your age, it is right?'

+ +

'In my youth,' Father William replied to his son, 'I feared +it might injure the brain; But, now that I'm perfectly sure I +have none, Why, I do it again and again.'

+ +

'You are old,' said the youth, 'as I mentioned before, And +have grown most uncommonly fat; Yet you turned a back-somersault +in at the door-- Pray, what is the reason of that?'

+ +

'In my youth,' said the sage, as he shook his grey locks, +'I kept all my limbs very supple By the use of this ointment--one +shilling the box-- Allow me to sell you a couple?'

+ +

'You are old,' said the youth, 'and your jaws are too weak +For anything tougher than suet; Yet you finished the goose, with +the bones and the beak-- Pray how did you manage to do +it?'

+ +

'In my youth,' said his father, 'I took to the law, And +argued each case with my wife; And the muscular strength, which +it gave to my jaw, Has lasted the rest of my life.'

+ +

'You are old,' said the youth, 'one would hardly suppose +That your eye was as steady as ever; Yet you balanced an eel on +the end of your nose-- What made you so awfully clever?'

+ +

'I have answered three questions, and that is enough,' Said +his father; 'don't give yourself airs! Do you think I can listen +all day to such stuff? Be off, or I'll kick you down +stairs!'

+ +

'That is not said right,' said the Caterpillar.

+ +

'Not quite right, I'm afraid,' said Alice, timidly; +'some of the words have got altered.'

+ +

'It is wrong from beginning to end,' said the Caterpillar +decidedly, and there was silence for some minutes.

+ +

The Caterpillar was the first to speak.

+ +

'What size do you want to be?' it asked.

+ +

'Oh, I'm not particular as to size,' Alice hastily replied; +'only one doesn't like changing so often, you know.'

+ +

'I don't know,' said the Caterpillar.

+ +

Alice said nothing: she had never been so much contradicted in +her life before, and she felt that she was losing her temper.

+ +

'Are you content now?' said the Caterpillar.

+ +

'Well, I should like to be a little larger, sir, if you +wouldn't mind,' said Alice: 'three inches is such a wretched +height to be.'

+ +

'It is a very good height indeed!' said the Caterpillar +angrily, rearing itself upright as it spoke (it was exactly three +inches high).

+ +

'But I'm not used to it!' pleaded poor Alice in a piteous +tone. And she thought of herself, 'I wish the creatures wouldn't +be so easily offended!'

+ +

'You'll get used to it in time,' said the Caterpillar; and it +put the hookah into its mouth and began smoking again.

+ +

This time Alice waited patiently until it chose to speak +again. In a minute or two the Caterpillar took the hookah out of +its mouth and yawned once or twice, and shook itself. Then it got +down off the mushroom, and crawled away in the grass, merely +remarking as it went, 'One side will make you grow taller, and +the other side will make you grow shorter.'

+ +

'One side of what? The other side of what?' +thought Alice to herself.

+ +

'Of the mushroom,' said the Caterpillar, just as if she had +asked it aloud; and in another moment it was out of sight.

+ +

Alice remained looking thoughtfully at the mushroom for a +minute, trying to make out which were the two sides of it; and as +it was perfectly round, she found this a very difficult question. +However, at last she stretched her arms round it as far as they +would go, and broke off a bit of the edge with each hand.

+ +

'And now which is which?' she said to herself, and nibbled a +little of the right-hand bit to try the effect: the next moment +she felt a violent blow underneath her chin: it had struck her +foot!

+ +

She was a good deal frightened by this very sudden change, but +she felt that there was no time to be lost, as she was shrinking +rapidly; so she set to work at once to eat some of the other bit. +Her chin was pressed so closely against her foot, that there was +hardly room to open her mouth; but she did it at last, and +managed to swallow a morsel of the lefthand bit.

+ +

* * * * *

+ +

'Come, my head's free at last!' said Alice in a tone of +delight, which changed into alarm in another moment, when she +found that her shoulders were nowhere to be found: all she could +see, when she looked down, was an immense length of neck, which +seemed to rise like a stalk out of a sea of green leaves that lay +far below her.

+ +

'What can all that green stuff be?' said Alice. 'And +where have my shoulders got to? And oh, my poor hands, how +is it I can't see you?' She was moving them about as she spoke, +but no result seemed to follow, except a little shaking among the +distant green leaves.

+ +

As there seemed to be no chance of getting her hands up to her +head, she tried to get her head down to them, and was delighted +to find that her neck would bend about easily in any direction, +like a serpent. She had just succeeded in curving it down into a +graceful zigzag, and was going to dive in among the leaves, which +she found to be nothing but the tops of the trees under which she +had been wandering, when a sharp hiss made her draw back in a +hurry: a large pigeon had flown into her face, and was beating +her violently with its wings.

+ +

'Serpent!' screamed the Pigeon.

+ +

'I'm not a serpent!' said Alice indignantly. 'Let me +alone!'

+ +

'Serpent, I say again!' repeated the Pigeon, but in a more +subdued tone, and added with a kind of sob, 'I've tried every +way, and nothing seems to suit them!'

+ +

'I haven't the least idea what you're talking about,' said +Alice.

+ +

'I've tried the roots of trees, and I've tried banks, and I've +tried hedges,' the Pigeon went on, without attending to her; 'but +those serpents! There's no pleasing them!'

+ +

Alice was more and more puzzled, but she thought there was no +use in saying anything more till the Pigeon had finished.

+ +

'As if it wasn't trouble enough hatching the eggs,' said the +Pigeon; 'but I must be on the look-out for serpents night and +day! Why, I haven't had a wink of sleep these three weeks!'

+ +

'I'm very sorry you've been annoyed,' said Alice, who was +beginning to see its meaning.

+ +

'And just as I'd taken the highest tree in the wood,' +continued the Pigeon, raising its voice to a shriek, 'and just as +I was thinking I should be free of them at last, they must needs +come wriggling down from the sky! Ugh, Serpent!'

+ +

'But I'm not a serpent, I tell you!' said Alice. 'I'm +a--I'm a--'

+ +

'Well! what are you?' said the Pigeon. 'I can see +you're trying to invent something!'

+ +

'I--I'm a little girl,' said Alice, rather doubtfully, as she +remembered the number of changes she had gone through that +day.

+ +

'A likely story indeed!' said the Pigeon in a tone of the +deepest contempt. 'I've seen a good many little girls in my time, +but never one with such a neck as that! No, no! You're a +serpent; and there's no use denying it. I suppose you'll be +telling me next that you never tasted an egg!'

+ +

'I have tasted eggs, certainly,' said Alice, who was a +very truthful child; 'but little girls eat eggs quite as much as +serpents do, you know.'

+ +

'I don't believe it,' said the Pigeon; 'but if they do, why +then they're a kind of serpent, that's all I can say.'

+ +

This was such a new idea to Alice, that she was quite silent +for a minute or two, which gave the Pigeon the opportunity of +adding, 'You're looking for eggs, I know that well enough; +and what does it matter to me whether you're a little girl or a +serpent?'

+ +

'It matters a good deal to me,' said Alice hastily; +'but I'm not looking for eggs, as it happens; and if I was, I +shouldn't want yours: I don't like them raw.'

+ +

'Well, be off, then!' said the Pigeon in a sulky tone, as it +settled down again into its nest. Alice crouched down among the +trees as well as she could, for her neck kept getting entangled +among the branches, and every now and then she had to stop and +untwist it. After a while she remembered that she still held the +pieces of mushroom in her hands, and she set to work very +carefully, nibbling first at one and then at the other, and +growing sometimes taller and sometimes shorter, until she had +succeeded in bringing herself down to her usual height.

+ +

It was so long since she had been anything near the right +size, that it felt quite strange at first; but she got used to it +in a few minutes, and began talking to herself, as usual. 'Come, +there's half my plan done now! How puzzling all these changes +are! I'm never sure what I'm going to be, from one minute to +another! However, I've got back to my right size: the next thing +is, to get into that beautiful garden--how is that to be +done, I wonder?' As she said this, she came suddenly upon an open +place, with a little house in it about four feet high. 'Whoever +lives there,' thought Alice, 'it'll never do to come upon them +this size: why, I should frighten them out of their wits!' +So she began nibbling at the righthand bit again, and did not +venture to go near the house till she had brought herself down to +nine inches high.

+ +
+

CHAPTER VI

+ +

Pig and Pepper

+ +

For a minute or two she stood looking at the house, and +wondering what to do next, when suddenly a footman in livery came +running out of the wood--(she considered him to be a footman +because he was in livery: otherwise, judging by his face only, +she would have called him a fish)--and rapped loudly at the door +with his knuckles. It was opened by another footman in livery, +with a round face, and large eyes like a frog; and both footmen, +Alice noticed, had powdered hair that curled all over their +heads. She felt very curious to know what it was all about, and +crept a little way out of the wood to listen.

+ +

The Fish-Footman began by producing from under his arm a great +letter, nearly as large as himself, and this he handed over to +the other, saying, in a solemn tone, 'For the Duchess. An +invitation from the Queen to play croquet.' The Frog-Footman +repeated, in the same solemn tone, only changing the order of the +words a little, 'From the Queen. An invitation for the Duchess to +play croquet.'

+ +

Then they both bowed low, and their curls got entangled +together.

+ +

Alice laughed so much at this, that she had to run back into +the wood for fear of their hearing her; and when she next peeped +out the Fish-Footman was gone, and the other was sitting on the +ground near the door, staring stupidly up into the sky.

+ +

Alice went timidly up to the door, and knocked.

+ +

'There's no sort of use in knocking,' said the Footman, 'and +that for two reasons. First, because I'm on the same side of the +door as you are; secondly, because they're making such a noise +inside, no one could possibly hear you.' And certainly there was +a most extraordinary noise going on within--a constant howling +and sneezing, and every now and then a great crash, as if a dish +or kettle had been broken to pieces.

+ +

'Please, then,' said Alice, 'how am I to get in?'

+ +

'There might be some sense in your knocking,' the Footman went +on without attending to her, 'if we had the door between us. For +instance, if you were inside, you might knock, and I could +let you out, you know.' He was looking up into the sky all the +time he was speaking, and this Alice thought decidedly uncivil. +'But perhaps he can't help it,' she said to herself; 'his eyes +are so very nearly at the top of his head. But at any rate +he might answer questions.--How am I to get in?' she repeated, +aloud.

+ +

'I shall sit here,' the Footman remarked, 'till +tomorrow--'

+ +

At this moment the door of the house opened, and a large plate +came skimming out, straight at the Footman's head: it just grazed +his nose, and broke to pieces against one of the trees behind +him.

+ +

'--or next day, maybe,' the Footman continued in the same +tone, exactly as if nothing had happened.

+ +

'How am I to get in?' asked Alice again, in a louder tone.

+ +

'Are you to get in at all?' said the Footman. 'That's +the first question, you know.'

+ +

It was, no doubt: only Alice did not like to be told so. 'It's +really dreadful,' she muttered to herself, 'the way all the +creatures argue. It's enough to drive one crazy!'

+ +

The Footman seemed to think this a good opportunity for +repeating his remark, with variations. 'I shall sit here,' he +said, 'on and off, for days and days.'

+ +

'But what am I to do?' said Alice.

+ +

'Anything you like,' said the Footman, and began +whistling.

+ +

'Oh, there's no use in talking to him,' said Alice +desperately: 'he's perfectly idiotic!' And she opened the door +and went in.

+ +

The door led right into a large kitchen, which was full of +smoke from one end to the other: the Duchess was sitting on a +three-legged stool in the middle, nursing a baby; the cook was +leaning over the fire, stirring a large cauldron which seemed to +be full of soup.

+ +

'There's certainly too much pepper in that soup!' Alice said +to herself, as well as she could for sneezing.

+ +

There was certainly too much of it in the air. Even the +Duchess sneezed occasionally; and as for the baby, it was +sneezing and howling alternately without a moment's pause. The +only things in the kitchen that did not sneeze, were the cook, +and a large cat which was sitting on the hearth and grinning from +ear to ear.

+ +

'Please would you tell me,' said Alice, a little timidly, for +she was not quite sure whether it was good manners for her to +speak first, 'why your cat grins like that?'

+ +

'It's a Cheshire cat,' said the Duchess, 'and that's why. +Pig!'

+ +

She said the last word with such sudden violence that Alice +quite jumped; but she saw in another moment that it was addressed +to the baby, and not to her, so she took courage, and went on +again:--

+ +

'I didn't know that Cheshire cats always grinned; in fact, I +didn't know that cats could grin.'

+ +

'They all can,' said the Duchess; 'and most of 'em do.'

+ +

'I don't know of any that do,' Alice said very politely, +feeling quite pleased to have got into a conversation.

+ +

'You don't know much,' said the Duchess; 'and that's a +fact.'

+ +

Alice did not at all like the tone of this remark, and thought +it would be as well to introduce some other subject of +conversation. While she was trying to fix on one, the cook took +the cauldron of soup off the fire, and at once set to work +throwing everything within her reach at the Duchess and the baby +--the fire-irons came first; then followed a shower of saucepans, +plates, and dishes. The Duchess took no notice of them even when +they hit her; and the baby was howling so much already, that it +was quite impossible to say whether the blows hurt it or not.

+ +

'Oh, please mind what you're doing!' cried Alice, +jumping up and down in an agony of terror. 'Oh, there goes his +precious nose'; as an unusually large saucepan flew close +by it, and very nearly carried it off.

+ +

'If everybody minded their own business,' the Duchess said in +a hoarse growl, 'the world would go round a deal faster than it +does.'

+ +

'Which would not be an advantage,' said Alice, who felt +very glad to get an opportunity of showing off a little of her +knowledge. 'Just think of what work it would make with the day +and night! You see the earth takes twenty-four hours to turn +round on its axis--'

+ +

'Talking of axes,' said the Duchess, 'chop off her head!'

+ +

Alice glanced rather anxiously at the cook, to see if she +meant to take the hint; but the cook was busily stirring the +soup, and seemed not to be listening, so she went on again: +'Twenty-four hours, I think; or is it twelve? I--'

+ +

'Oh, don't bother me,' said the Duchess; 'I never could abide +figures!' And with that she began nursing her child again, +singing a sort of lullaby to it as she did so, and giving it a +violent shake at the end of every line:

+ +

'Speak roughly to your little boy,

+ +

And beat him when he sneezes:

+ +

He only does it to annoy,

+ +

Because he knows it teases.'

+ +

CHORUS

+ +

(In which the cook and the baby joined):--

+ +

'Wow! wow! wow!'

+ +

While the Duchess sang the second verse of the song, she kept +tossing the baby violently up and down, and the poor little thing +howled so, that Alice could hardly hear the words:--

+ +

'I speak severely to my boy,

+ +

I beat him when he sneezes;

+ +

For he can thoroughly enjoy

+ +

The pepper when he pleases!'

+ +

CHORUS

+ +

'Wow! wow! wow!'

+ +

'Here! you may nurse it a bit, if you like!' the Duchess said +to Alice, flinging the baby at her as she spoke. 'I must go and +get ready to play croquet with the Queen,' and she hurried out of +the room. The cook threw a frying-pan after her as she went out, +but it just missed her.

+ +

Alice caught the baby with some difficulty, as it was a queer- +shaped little creature, and held out its arms and legs in all +directions, 'just like a star-fish,' thought Alice. The poor +little thing was snorting like a steam-engine when she caught it, +and kept doubling itself up and straightening itself out again, +so that altogether, for the first minute or two, it was as much +as she could do to hold it.

+ +

As soon as she had made out the proper way of nursing it, +(which was to twist it up into a sort of knot, and then keep +tight hold of its right ear and left foot, so as to prevent its +undoing itself,) she carried it out into the open air. 'If +I don't take this child away with me,' thought Alice, 'they're +sure to kill it in a day or two: wouldn't it be murder to leave +it behind?' She said the last words out loud, and the little +thing grunted in reply (it had left off sneezing by this time). +'Don't grunt,' said Alice; 'that's not at all a proper way of +expressing yourself.'

+ +

The baby grunted again, and Alice looked very anxiously into +its face to see what was the matter with it. There could be no +doubt that it had a very turn-up nose, much more like a +snout than a real nose; also its eyes were getting extremely +small for a baby: altogether Alice did not like the look of the +thing at all. 'But perhaps it was only sobbing,' she thought, and +looked into its eyes again, to see if there were any tears.

+ +

No, there were no tears. 'If you're going to turn into a pig, +my dear,' said Alice, seriously, 'I'll have nothing more to do +with you. Mind now!' The poor little thing sobbed again (or +grunted, it was impossible to say which), and they went on for +some while in silence.

+ +

Alice was just beginning to think to herself, 'Now, what am I +to do with this creature when I get it home?' when it grunted +again, so violently, that she looked down into its face in some +alarm. This time there could be no mistake about it: it +was neither more nor less than a pig, and she felt that it would +be quite absurd for her to carry it further.

+ +

So she set the little creature down, and felt quite relieved +to see it trot away quietly into the wood. 'If it had grown up,' +she said to herself, 'it would have made a dreadfully ugly child: +but it makes rather a handsome pig, I think.' And she began +thinking over other children she knew, who might do very well as +pigs, and was just saying to herself, 'if one only knew the right +way to change them--' when she was a little startled by seeing +the Cheshire Cat sitting on a bough of a tree a few yards +off.

+ +

The Cat only grinned when it saw Alice. It looked good- +natured, she thought: still it had very long claws and a +great many teeth, so she felt that it ought to be treated with +respect.

+ +

'Cheshire Puss,' she began, rather timidly, as she did not at +all know whether it would like the name: however, it only grinned +a little wider. 'Come, it's pleased so far,' thought Alice, and +she went on. 'Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go +from here?'

+ +

'That depends a good deal on where you want to get to,' said +the Cat.

+ +

'I don't much care where--' said Alice.

+ +

'Then it doesn't matter which way you go,' said the Cat.

+ +

'--so long as I get somewhere,' Alice added as an +explanation.

+ +

'Oh, you're sure to do that,' said the Cat, 'if you only walk +long enough.'

+ +

Alice felt that this could not be denied, so she tried another +question. 'What sort of people live about here?'

+ +

'In that direction,' the Cat said, waving its right paw +round, 'lives a Hatter: and in that direction,' waving the +other paw, 'lives a March Hare. Visit either you like: they're +both mad.'

+ +

'But I don't want to go among mad people,' Alice remarked.

+ +

'Oh, you can't help that,' said the Cat: 'we're all mad here. +I'm mad. You're mad.'

+ +

'How do you know I'm mad?' said Alice.

+ +

'You must be,' said the Cat, 'or you wouldn't have come +here.'

+ +

Alice didn't think that proved it at all; however, she went on +'And how do you know that you're mad?'

+ +

'To begin with,' said the Cat, 'a dog's not mad. You grant +that?'

+ +

'I suppose so,' said Alice.

+ +

'Well, then,' the Cat went on, 'you see, a dog growls when +it's angry, and wags its tail when it's pleased. Now I growl when +I'm pleased, and wag my tail when I'm angry. Therefore I'm +mad.'

+ +

'I call it purring, not growling,' said Alice.

+ +

'Call it what you like,' said the Cat. 'Do you play croquet +with the Queen to-day?'

+ +

'I should like it very much,' said Alice, 'but I haven't been +invited yet.'

+ +

'You'll see me there,' said the Cat, and vanished.

+ +

Alice was not much surprised at this, she was getting so used +to queer things happening. While she was looking at the place +where it had been, it suddenly appeared again.

+ +

'By-the-bye, what became of the baby?' said the Cat. 'I'd +nearly forgotten to ask.'

+ +

'It turned into a pig,' Alice quietly said, just as if it had +come back in a natural way.

+ +

'I thought it would,' said the Cat, and vanished again.

+ +

Alice waited a little, half expecting to see it again, but it +did not appear, and after a minute or two she walked on in the +direction in which the March Hare was said to live. 'I've seen +hatters before,' she said to herself; 'the March Hare will be +much the most interesting, and perhaps as this is May it won't be +raving mad--at least not so mad as it was in March.' As she said +this, she looked up, and there was the Cat again, sitting on a +branch of a tree.

+ +

'Did you say pig, or fig?' said the Cat.

+ +

'I said pig,' replied Alice; 'and I wish you wouldn't keep +appearing and vanishing so suddenly: you make one quite +giddy.'

+ +

'All right,' said the Cat; and this time it vanished quite +slowly, beginning with the end of the tail, and ending with the +grin, which remained some time after the rest of it had gone.

+ +

'Well! I've often seen a cat without a grin,' thought Alice; +'but a grin without a cat! It's the most curious thing I ever saw +in my life!'

+ +

She had not gone much farther before she came in sight of the +house of the March Hare: she thought it must be the right house, +because the chimneys were shaped like ears and the roof was +thatched with fur. It was so large a house, that she did not like +to go nearer till she had nibbled some more of the lefthand bit +of mushroom, and raised herself to about two feet high: even then +she walked up towards it rather timidly, saying to herself +'Suppose it should be raving mad after all! I almost wish I'd +gone to see the Hatter instead!'

+ +
+

CHAPTER VII

+ +

A Mad Tea-Party

+ +

There was a table set out under a tree in front of the house, +and the March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at it: a +Dormouse was sitting between them, fast asleep, and the other two +were using it as a cushion, resting their elbows on it, and +talking over its head. 'Very uncomfortable for the Dormouse,' +thought Alice; 'only, as it's asleep, I suppose it doesn't +mind.'

+ +

The table was a large one, but the three were all crowded +together at one corner of it: 'No room! No room!' they cried out +when they saw Alice coming. 'There's plenty of room!' said +Alice indignantly, and she sat down in a large arm-chair at one +end of the table.

+ +

'Have some wine,' the March Hare said in an encouraging +tone.

+ +

Alice looked all round the table, but there was nothing on it +but tea. 'I don't see any wine,' she remarked.

+ +

'There isn't any,' said the March Hare.

+ +

'Then it wasn't very civil of you to offer it,' said Alice +angrily.

+ +

'It wasn't very civil of you to sit down without being +invited,' said the March Hare.

+ +

'I didn't know it was your table,' said Alice; 'it's +laid for a great many more than three.'

+ +

'Your hair wants cutting,' said the Hatter. He had been +looking at Alice for some time with great curiosity, and this was +his first speech.

+ +

'You should learn not to make personal remarks,' Alice said +with some severity; 'it's very rude.'

+ +

The Hatter opened his eyes very wide on hearing this; but all +he said was, 'Why is a raven like a writing-desk?'

+ +

'Come, we shall have some fun now!' thought Alice. 'I'm glad +they've begun asking riddles.--I believe I can guess that,' she +added aloud.

+ +

'Do you mean that you think you can find out the answer to +it?' said the March Hare.

+ +

'Exactly so,' said Alice.

+ +

'Then you should say what you mean,' the March Hare went +on.

+ +

'I do,' Alice hastily replied; 'at least--at least I mean what +I say--that's the same thing, you know.'

+ +

'Not the same thing a bit!' said the Hatter. 'You might just +as well say that "I see what I eat" is the same thing as "I eat +what I see"!'

+ +

'You might just as well say,' added the March Hare, 'that "I +like what I get" is the same thing as "I get what I like"!'

+ +

'You might just as well say,' added the Dormouse, who seemed +to be talking in his sleep, 'that "I breathe when I sleep" is the +same thing as "I sleep when I breathe"!'

+ +

'It is the same thing with you,' said the Hatter, and +here the conversation dropped, and the party sat silent for a +minute, while Alice thought over all she could remember about +ravens and writing-desks, which wasn't much.

+ +

The Hatter was the first to break the silence. 'What day of +the month is it?' he said, turning to Alice: he had taken his +watch out of his pocket, and was looking at it uneasily, shaking +it every now and then, and holding it to his ear.

+ +

Alice considered a little, and then said 'The fourth.'

+ +

'Two days wrong!' sighed the Hatter. 'I told you butter +wouldn't suit the works!' he added looking angrily at the March +Hare.

+ +

'It was the best butter,' the March Hare meekly +replied.

+ +

'Yes, but some crumbs must have got in as well,' the Hatter +grumbled: 'you shouldn't have put it in with the +bread-knife.'

+ +

The March Hare took the watch and looked at it gloomily: then +he dipped it into his cup of tea, and looked at it again: but he +could think of nothing better to say than his first remark, 'It +was the best butter, you know.'

+ +

Alice had been looking over his shoulder with some curiosity. +'What a funny watch!' she remarked. 'It tells the day of the +month, and doesn't tell what o'clock it is!'

+ +

'Why should it?' muttered the Hatter. 'Does your watch +tell you what year it is?'

+ +

'Of course not,' Alice replied very readily: 'but that's +because it stays the same year for such a long time +together.'

+ +

'Which is just the case with mine,' said the +Hatter.

+ +

Alice felt dreadfully puzzled. The Hatter's remark seemed to +have no sort of meaning in it, and yet it was certainly English. +'I don't quite understand you,' she said, as politely as she +could.

+ +

'The Dormouse is asleep again,' said the Hatter, and he poured +a little hot tea upon its nose.

+ +

The Dormouse shook its head impatiently, and said, without +opening its eyes, 'Of course, of course; just what I was going to +remark myself.'

+ +

'Have you guessed the riddle yet?' the Hatter said, turning to +Alice again.

+ +

'No, I give it up,' Alice replied: 'what's the answer?'

+ +

'I haven't the slightest idea,' said the Hatter.

+ +

'Nor I,' said the March Hare.

+ +

Alice sighed wearily. 'I think you might do something better +with the time,' she said, 'than waste it in asking riddles that +have no answers.'

+ +

'If you knew Time as well as I do,' said the Hatter, 'you +wouldn't talk about wasting it. It's him.'

+ +

'I don't know what you mean,' said Alice.

+ +

'Of course you don't!' the Hatter said, tossing his head +contemptuously. 'I dare say you never even spoke to Time!'

+ +

'Perhaps not,' Alice cautiously replied: 'but I know I have to +beat time when I learn music.'

+ +

'Ah! that accounts for it,' said the Hatter. 'He won't stand +beating. Now, if you only kept on good terms with him, he'd do +almost anything you liked with the clock. For instance, suppose +it were nine o'clock in the morning, just time to begin lessons: +you'd only have to whisper a hint to Time, and round goes the +clock in a twinkling! Half-past one, time for dinner!'

+ +

('I only wish it was,' the March Hare said to itself in a +whisper.)

+ +

'That would be grand, certainly,' said Alice thoughtfully: +'but then--I shouldn't be hungry for it, you know.'

+ +

'Not at first, perhaps,' said the Hatter: 'but you could keep +it to half-past one as long as you liked.'

+ +

'Is that the way you manage?' Alice asked.

+ +

The Hatter shook his head mournfully. 'Not I!' he replied. 'We +quarrelled last March--just before he went mad, you +know--' (pointing with his tea spoon at the March Hare,) '--it +was at the great concert given by the Queen of Hearts, and I had +to sing

+ +

"Twinkle, twinkle, little bat!

+ +

How I wonder what you're at!"

+ +

You know the song, perhaps?'

+ +

'I've heard something like it,' said Alice.

+ +

'It goes on, you know,' the Hatter continued, 'in this +way:--

+ +

"Up above the world you fly,

+ +

Like a tea-tray in the sky.

+ +

Twinkle, twinkle--"'

+ +

Here the Dormouse shook itself, and began singing in its sleep +'Twinkle, twinkle, twinkle, twinkle--' and went on so long +that they had to pinch it to make it stop.

+ +

'Well, I'd hardly finished the first verse,' said the Hatter, +'when the Queen jumped up and bawled out, "He's murdering the +time! Off with his head!"'

+ +

'How dreadfully savage!' exclaimed Alice.

+ +

'And ever since that,' the Hatter went on in a mournful tone, +'he won't do a thing I ask! It's always six o'clock now.'

+ +

A bright idea came into Alice's head. 'Is that the reason so +many tea-things are put out here?' she asked.

+ +

'Yes, that's it,' said the Hatter with a sigh: 'it's always +tea-time, and we've no time to wash the things between +whiles.'

+ +

'Then you keep moving round, I suppose?' said Alice.

+ +

'Exactly so,' said the Hatter: 'as the things get used +up.'

+ +

'But what happens when you come to the beginning again?' Alice +ventured to ask.

+ +

'Suppose we change the subject,' the March Hare interrupted, +yawning. 'I'm getting tired of this. I vote the young lady tells +us a story.'

+ +

'I'm afraid I don't know one,' said Alice, rather alarmed at +the proposal.

+ +

'Then the Dormouse shall!' they both cried. 'Wake up, +Dormouse!' And they pinched it on both sides at once.

+ +

The Dormouse slowly opened his eyes. 'I wasn't asleep,' he +said in a hoarse, feeble voice: 'I heard every word you fellows +were saying.'

+ +

'Tell us a story!' said the March Hare.

+ +

'Yes, please do!' pleaded Alice.

+ +

'And be quick about it,' added the Hatter, 'or you'll be +asleep again before it's done.'

+ +

'Once upon a time there were three little sisters,' the +Dormouse began in a great hurry; 'and their names were Elsie, +Lacie, and Tillie; and they lived at the bottom of a well--'

+ +

'What did they live on?' said Alice, who always took a great +interest in questions of eating and drinking.

+ +

'They lived on treacle,' said the Dormouse, after thinking a +minute or two.

+ +

'They couldn't have done that, you know,' Alice gently +remarked; 'they'd have been ill.'

+ +

'So they were,' said the Dormouse; 'very ill.'

+ +

Alice tried to fancy to herself what such an extraordinary +ways of living would be like, but it puzzled her too much, so she +went on: 'But why did they live at the bottom of a well?'

+ +

'Take some more tea,' the March Hare said to Alice, very +earnestly.

+ +

'I've had nothing yet,' Alice replied in an offended tone, 'so +I can't take more.'

+ +

'You mean you can't take less,' said the Hatter: 'it's +very easy to take more than nothing.'

+ +

'Nobody asked your opinion,' said Alice.

+ +

'Who's making personal remarks now?' the Hatter asked +triumphantly.

+ +

Alice did not quite know what to say to this: so she helped +herself to some tea and bread-and-butter, and then turned to the +Dormouse, and repeated her question. 'Why did they live at the +bottom of a well?'

+ +

The Dormouse again took a minute or two to think about it, and +then said, 'It was a treacle-well.'

+ +

'There's no such thing!' Alice was beginning very angrily, but +the Hatter and the March Hare went 'Sh! sh!' and the Dormouse +sulkily remarked, 'If you can't be civil, you'd better finish the +story for yourself.'

+ +

'No, please go on!' Alice said very humbly; 'I won't interrupt +again. I dare say there may be one.'

+ +

'One, indeed!' said the Dormouse indignantly. However, he +consented to go on. 'And so these three little sisters--they were +learning to draw, you know--'

+ +

'What did they draw?' said Alice, quite forgetting her +promise.

+ +

'Treacle,' said the Dormouse, without considering at all this +time.

+ +

'I want a clean cup,' interrupted the Hatter: 'let's all move +one place on.'

+ +

He moved on as he spoke, and the Dormouse followed him: the +March Hare moved into the Dormouse's place, and Alice rather +unwillingly took the place of the March Hare. The Hatter was the +only one who got any advantage from the change: and Alice was a +good deal worse off than before, as the March Hare had just upset +the milk-jug into his plate.

+ +

Alice did not wish to offend the Dormouse again, so she began +very cautiously: 'But I don't understand. Where did they draw the +treacle from?'

+ +

'You can draw water out of a water-well,' said the Hatter; 'so +I should think you could draw treacle out of a treacle-well--eh, +stupid?'

+ +

'But they were in the well,' Alice said to the +Dormouse, not choosing to notice this last remark.

+ +

'Of course they were', said the Dormouse; '--well in.'

+ +

This answer so confused poor Alice, that she let the Dormouse +go on for some time without interrupting it.

+ +

'They were learning to draw,' the Dormouse went on, yawning +and rubbing its eyes, for it was getting very sleepy; 'and they +drew all manner of things--everything that begins with an +M--'

+ +

'Why with an M?' said Alice.

+ +

'Why not?' said the March Hare.

+ +

Alice was silent.

+ +

The Dormouse had closed its eyes by this time, and was going +off into a doze; but, on being pinched by the Hatter, it woke up +again with a little shriek, and went on: '--that begins with an +M, such as mouse-traps, and the moon, and memory, and muchness-- +you know you say things are "much of a muchness"--did you ever +see such a thing as a drawing of a muchness?'

+ +

'Really, now you ask me,' said Alice, very much confused, 'I +don't think--'

+ +

'Then you shouldn't talk,' said the Hatter.

+ +

This piece of rudeness was more than Alice could bear: she got +up in great disgust, and walked off; the Dormouse fell asleep +instantly, and neither of the others took the least notice of her +going, though she looked back once or twice, half hoping that +they would call after her: the last time she saw them, they were +trying to put the Dormouse into the teapot.

+ +

'At any rate I'll never go there again!' said Alice as +she picked her way through the wood. 'It's the stupidest +tea-party I ever was at in all my life!'

+ +

Just as she said this, she noticed that one of the trees had a +door leading right into it. 'That's very curious!' she thought. +'But everything's curious today. I think I may as well go in at +once.' And in she went.

+ +

Once more she found herself in the long hall, and close to the +little glass table. 'Now, I'll manage better this time,' she said +to herself, and began by taking the little golden key, and +unlocking the door that led into the garden. Then she went to +work nibbling at the mushroom (she had kept a piece of it in her +pocket) till she was about a foot high: then she walked down the +little passage: and then--she found herself at last in the +beautiful garden, among the bright flower-beds and the cool +fountains.

+ +
+

CHAPTER VIII

+ +

The Queen's Croquet-Ground

+ +

A large rose-tree stood near the entrance of the garden: the +roses growing on it were white, but there were three gardeners at +it, busily painting them red. Alice thought this a very curious +thing, and she went nearer to watch them, and just as she came up +to them she heard one of them say, 'Look out now, Five! Don't go +splashing paint over me like that!'

+ +

'I couldn't help it,' said Five, in a sulky tone; 'Seven +jogged my elbow.'

+ +

On which Seven looked up and said, 'That's right, Five! Always +lay the blame on others!'

+ +

You'd better not talk!' said Five. 'I heard the Queen +say only yesterday you deserved to be beheaded!'

+ +

'What for?' said the one who had spoken first.

+ +

'That's none of your business, Two!' said Seven.

+ +

'Yes, it is his business!' said Five, 'and I'll tell +him--it was for bringing the cook tulip-roots instead of +onions.'

+ +

Seven flung down his brush, and had just begun 'Well, of all +the unjust things--' when his eye chanced to fall upon Alice, as +she stood watching them, and he checked himself suddenly: the +others looked round also, and all of them bowed low.

+ +

'Would you tell me,' said Alice, a little timidly, 'why you +are painting those roses?'

+ +

Five and Seven said nothing, but looked at Two. Two began in a +low voice, 'Why the fact is, you see, Miss, this here ought to +have been a red rose-tree, and we put a white one in by +mistake; and if the Queen was to find it out, we should all have +our heads cut off, you know. So you see, Miss, we're doing our +best, afore she comes, to--' At this moment Five, who had been +anxiously looking across the garden, called out 'The Queen! The +Queen!' and the three gardeners instantly threw themselves flat +upon their faces. There was a sound of many footsteps, and Alice +looked round, eager to see the Queen.

+ +

First came ten soldiers carrying clubs; these were all shaped +like the three gardeners, oblong and flat, with their hands and +feet at the corners: next the ten courtiers; these were +ornamented all over with diamonds, and walked two and two, as the +soldiers did. After these came the royal children; there were ten +of them, and the little dears came jumping merrily along hand in +hand, in couples: they were all ornamented with hearts. Next came +the guests, mostly Kings and Queens, and among them Alice +recognised the White Rabbit: it was talking in a hurried nervous +manner, smiling at everything that was said, and went by without +noticing her. Then followed the Knave of Hearts, carrying the +King's crown on a crimson velvet cushion; and, last of all this +grand procession, came THE KING AND QUEEN OF HEARTS.

+ +

Alice was rather doubtful whether she ought not to lie down on +her face like the three gardeners, but she could not remember +ever having heard of such a rule at processions; 'and besides, +what would be the use of a procession,' thought she, 'if people +had all to lie down upon their faces, so that they couldn't see +it?' So she stood still where she was, and waited.

+ +

When the procession came opposite to Alice, they all stopped +and looked at her, and the Queen said severely 'Who is this?' She +said it to the Knave of Hearts, who only bowed and smiled in +reply.

+ +

'Idiot!' said the Queen, tossing her head impatiently; and, +turning to Alice, she went on, 'What's your name, child?'

+ +

'My name is Alice, so please your Majesty,' said Alice very +politely; but she added, to herself, 'Why, they're only a pack of +cards, after all. I needn't be afraid of them!'

+ +

'And who are these?' said the Queen, pointing to the +three gardeners who were lying round the rosetree; for, you see, +as they were lying on their faces, and the pattern on their backs +was the same as the rest of the pack, she could not tell whether +they were gardeners, or soldiers, or courtiers, or three of her +own children.

+ +

'How should I know?' said Alice, surprised at her own courage. +'It's no business of mine.'

+ +

The Queen turned crimson with fury, and, after glaring at her +for a moment like a wild beast, screamed 'Off with her head! +Off--'

+ +

'Nonsense!' said Alice, very loudly and decidedly, and the +Queen was silent.

+ +

The King laid his hand upon her arm, and timidly said +'Consider, my dear: she is only a child!'

+ +

The Queen turned angrily away from him, and said to the Knave +'Turn them over!'

+ +

The Knave did so, very carefully, with one foot.

+ +

'Get up!' said the Queen, in a shrill, loud voice, and the +three gardeners instantly jumped up, and began bowing to the +King, the Queen, the royal children, and everybody else.

+ +

'Leave off that!' screamed the Queen. 'You make me giddy.' And +then, turning to the rose-tree, she went on, 'What have +you been doing here?'

+ +

'May it please your Majesty,' said Two, in a very humble tone, +going down on one knee as he spoke, 'we were trying--'

+ +

'I see!' said the Queen, who had meanwhile been examining the +roses. 'Off with their heads!' and the procession moved on, three +of the soldiers remaining behind to execute the unfortunate +gardeners, who ran to Alice for protection.

+ +

'You shan't be beheaded!' said Alice, and she put them into a +large flower-pot that stood near. The three soldiers wandered +about for a minute or two, looking for them, and then quietly +marched off after the others.

+ +

'Are their heads off?' shouted the Queen.

+ +

'Their heads are gone, if it please your Majesty!' the +soldiers shouted in reply.

+ +

'That's right!' shouted the Queen. 'Can you play croquet?'

+ +

The soldiers were silent, and looked at Alice, as the question +was evidently meant for her.

+ +

'Yes!' shouted Alice.

+ +

'Come on, then!' roared the Queen, and Alice joined the +procession, wondering very much what would happen next.

+ +

'It's--it's a very fine day!' said a timid voice at her side. +She was walking by the White Rabbit, who was peeping anxiously +into her face.

+ +

'Very,' said Alice: '--where's the Duchess?'

+ +

'Hush! Hush!' said the Rabbit in a low, hurried tone. He +looked anxiously over his shoulder as he spoke, and then raised +himself upon tiptoe, put his mouth close to her ear, and +whispered 'She's under sentence of execution.'

+ +

'What for?' said Alice.

+ +

'Did you say "What a pity!"?' the Rabbit asked.

+ +

'No, I didn't,' said Alice: 'I don't think it's at all a pity. +I said "What for?"'

+ +

'She boxed the Queen's ears--' the Rabbit began. Alice gave a +little scream of laughter. 'Oh, hush!' the Rabbit whispered in a +frightened tone. 'The Queen will hear you! You see, she came +rather late, and the Queen said--'

+ +

'Get to your places!' shouted the Queen in a voice of thunder, +and people began running about in all directions, tumbling up +against each other; however, they got settled down in a minute or +two, and the game began. Alice thought she had never seen such a +curious croquet-ground in her life; it was all ridges and +furrows; the balls were live hedgehogs, the mallets live +flamingoes, and the soldiers had to double themselves up and to +stand on their hands and feet, to make the arches.

+ +

The chief difficulty Alice found at first was in managing her +flamingo: she succeeded in getting its body tucked away, +comfortably enough, under her arm, with its legs hanging down, +but generally, just as she had got its neck nicely straightened +out, and was going to give the hedgehog a blow with its head, it +would twist itself round and look up in her face, with +such a puzzled expression that she could not help bursting out +laughing: and when she had got its head down, and was going to +begin again, it was very provoking to find that the hedgehog had +unrolled itself, and was in the act of crawling away: besides all +this, there was generally a ridge or furrow in the way wherever +she wanted to send the hedgehog to, and, as the doubled-up +soldiers were always getting up and walking off to other parts of +the ground, Alice soon came to the conclusion that it was a very +difficult game indeed.

+ +

The players all played at once without waiting for turns, +quarrelling all the while, and fighting for the hedgehogs; and in +a very short time the Queen was in a furious passion, and went +stamping about, and shouting 'Off with his head!' or 'Off with +her head!' about once in a minute.

+ +

Alice began to feel very uneasy: to be sure, she had not as +yet had any dispute with the Queen, but she knew that it might +happen any minute, 'and then,' thought she, 'what would become of +me? They're dreadfully fond of beheading people here; the great +wonder is, that there's any one left alive!'

+ +

She was looking about for some way of escape, and wondering +whether she could get away without being seen, when she noticed a +curious appearance in the air: it puzzled her very much at first, +but, after watching it a minute or two, she made it out to be a +grin, and she said to herself 'It's the Cheshire Cat: now I shall +have somebody to talk to.'

+ +

'How are you getting on?' said the Cat, as soon as there was +mouth enough for it to speak with.

+ +

Alice waited till the eyes appeared, and then nodded. 'It's no +use speaking to it,' she thought, 'till its ears have come, or at +least one of them.' In another minute the whole head appeared, +and then Alice put down her flamingo, and began an account of the +game, feeling very glad she had someone to listen to her. The Cat +seemed to think that there was enough of it now in sight, and no +more of it appeared.

+ +

'I don't think they play at all fairly,' Alice began, in +rather a complaining tone, 'and they all quarrel so dreadfully +one can't hear oneself speak--and they don't seem to have any +rules in particular; at least, if there are, nobody attends to +them--and you've no idea how confusing it is all the things being +alive; for instance, there's the arch I've got to go through next +walking about at the other end of the ground--and I should have +croqueted the Queen's hedgehog just now, only it ran away when it +saw mine coming!'

+ +

'How do you like the Queen?' said the Cat in a low voice.

+ +

'Not at all,' said Alice: 'she's so extremely--' Just then she +noticed that the Queen was close behind her, listening: so she +went on, '--likely to win, that it's hardly worth while finishing +the game.'

+ +

The Queen smiled and passed on.

+ +

'Who are you talking to?' said the King, going up to +Alice, and looking at the Cat's head with great curiosity.

+ +

'It's a friend of mine--a Cheshire Cat,' said Alice: 'allow me +to introduce it.'

+ +

'I don't like the look of it at all,' said the King: 'however, +it may kiss my hand if it likes.'

+ +

'I'd rather not,' the Cat remarked.

+ +

'Don't be impertinent,' said the King, 'and don't look at me +like that!' He got behind Alice as he spoke.

+ +

'A cat may look at a king,' said Alice. 'I've read that in +some book, but I don't remember where.'

+ +

'Well, it must be removed,' said the King very decidedly, and +he called the Queen, who was passing at the moment, 'My dear! I +wish you would have this cat removed!'

+ +

The Queen had only one way of settling all difficulties, great +or small. 'Off with his head!' she said, without even looking +round.

+ +

'I'll fetch the executioner myself,' said the King eagerly, +and he hurried off.

+ +

Alice thought she might as well go back, and see how the game +was going on, as she heard the Queen's voice in the distance, +screaming with passion. She had already heard her sentence three +of the players to be executed for having missed their turns, and +she did not like the look of things at all, as the game was in +such confusion that she never knew whether it was her turn or +not. So she went in search of her hedgehog.

+ +

The hedgehog was engaged in a fight with another hedgehog, +which seemed to Alice an excellent opportunity for croqueting one +of them with the other: the only difficulty was, that her +flamingo was gone across to the other side of the garden, where +Alice could see it trying in a helpless sort of way to fly up +into a tree.

+ +

By the time she had caught the flamingo and brought it back, +the fight was over, and both the hedgehogs were out of sight: +'but it doesn't matter much,' thought Alice, 'as all the arches +are gone from this side of the ground.' So she tucked it away +under her arm, that it might not escape again, and went back for +a little more conversation with her friend.

+ +

When she got back to the Cheshire Cat, she was surprised to +find quite a large crowd collected round it: there was a dispute +going on between the executioner, the King, and the Queen, who +were all talking at once, while all the rest were quite silent, +and looked very uncomfortable.

+ +

The moment Alice appeared, she was appealed to by all three to +settle the question, and they repeated their arguments to her, +though, as they all spoke at once, she found it very hard indeed +to make out exactly what they said.

+ +

The executioner's argument was, that you couldn't cut off a +head unless there was a body to cut it off from: that he had +never had to do such a thing before, and he wasn't going to begin +at his time of life.

+ +

The King's argument was, that anything that had a head could +be beheaded, and that you weren't to talk nonsense.

+ +

The Queen's argument was, that if something wasn't done about +it in less than no time she'd have everybody executed, all round. +(It was this last remark that had made the whole party look so +grave and anxious.)

+ +

Alice could think of nothing else to say but 'It belongs to +the Duchess: you'd better ask her about it.'

+ +

'She's in prison,' the Queen said to the executioner: 'fetch +her here.' And the executioner went off like an arrow.

+ +

The Cat's head began fading away the moment he was gone, and, +by the time he had come back with the Duchess, it had entirely +disappeared; so the King and the executioner ran wildly up and +down looking for it, while the rest of the party went back to the +game.

+ +
+

CHAPTER IX

+ +

The Mock Turtle's Story

+ +

'You can't think how glad I am to see you again, you dear old +thing!' said the Duchess, as she tucked her arm affectionately +into Alice's, and they walked off together.

+ +

Alice was very glad to find her in such a pleasant temper, and +thought to herself that perhaps it was only the pepper that had +made her so savage when they met in the kitchen.

+ +

'When I'm a Duchess,' she said to herself, (not in a +very hopeful tone though), 'I won't have any pepper in my kitchen +at all. Soup does very well without--Maybe it's always +pepper that makes people hot-tempered,' she went on, very much +pleased at having found out a new kind of rule, 'and vinegar that +makes them sour--and camomile that makes them bitter--and--and +barley-sugar and such things that make children sweet-tempered. I +only wish people knew that: then they wouldn't be so stingy about +it, you know--'

+ +

She had quite forgotten the Duchess by this time, and was a +little startled when she heard her voice close to her ear. +'You're thinking about something, my dear, and that makes you +forget to talk. I can't tell you just now what the moral of that +is, but I shall remember it in a bit.'

+ +

'Perhaps it hasn't one,' Alice ventured to remark.

+ +

'Tut, tut, child!' said the Duchess. 'Everything's got a +moral, if only you can find it.' And she squeezed herself up +closer to Alice's side as she spoke.

+ +

Alice did not much like keeping so close to her: first, +because the Duchess was very ugly; and secondly, because she was +exactly the right height to rest her chin upon Alice's shoulder, +and it was an uncomfortably sharp chin. However, she did not like +to be rude, so she bore it as well as she could.

+ +

'The game's going on rather better now,' she said, by way of +keeping up the conversation a little.

+ +

''Tis so,' said the Duchess: 'and the moral of that is--"Oh, +'tis love, 'tis love, that makes the world go round!"'

+ +

'Somebody said,' Alice whispered, 'that it's done by everybody +minding their own business!'

+ +

'Ah, well! It means much the same thing,' said the Duchess, +digging her sharp little chin into Alice's shoulder as she added, +'and the moral of that is--"Take care of the sense, and +the sounds will take care of themselves."'

+ +

'How fond she is of finding morals in things!' Alice thought +to herself.

+ +

'I dare say you're wondering why I don't put my arm round your +waist,' the Duchess said after a pause: 'the reason is, that I'm +doubtful about the temper of your flamingo. Shall I try the +experiment?'

+ +

'He might bite,' Alice cautiously replied, not feeling +at all anxious to have the experiment tried.

+ +

'Very true,' said the Duchess: 'flamingoes and mustard both +bite. And the moral of that is--"Birds of a feather flock +together."'

+ +

'Only mustard isn't a bird,' Alice remarked.

+ +

'Right, as usual,' said the Duchess: 'what a clear way you +have of putting things!'

+ +

'It's a mineral, I think,' said Alice.

+ +

'Of course it is,' said the Duchess, who seemed ready to agree +to everything that Alice said; 'there's a large mustard-mine near +here. And the moral of that is--"The more there is of mine, the +less there is of yours."'

+ +

'Oh, I know!' exclaimed Alice, who had not attended to this +last remark, 'it's a vegetable. It doesn't look like one, but it +is.'

+ +

'I quite agree with you,' said the Duchess; 'and the moral of +that is--"Be what you would seem to be"--or if you'd like it put +more simply--"Never imagine yourself not to be otherwise than +what it might appear to others that what you were or might have +been was not otherwise than what you had been would have appeared +to them to be otherwise."'

+ +

'I think I should understand that better,' Alice said very +politely, 'if I had it written down: but I can't quite follow it +as you say it.'

+ +

'That's nothing to what I could say if I chose,' the Duchess +replied, in a pleased tone.

+ +

'Pray don't trouble yourself to say it any longer than that,' +said Alice.

+ +

'Oh, don't talk about trouble!' said the Duchess. 'I make you +a present of everything I've said as yet.'

+ +

'A cheap sort of present!' thought Alice. 'I'm glad they don't +give birthday presents like that!' But she did not venture to say +it out loud.

+ +

'Thinking again?' the Duchess asked, with another dig of her +sharp little chin.

+ +

'I've a right to think,' said Alice sharply, for she was +beginning to feel a little worried.

+ +

'Just about as much right,' said the Duchess, 'as pigs have to +fly; and the m--'

+ +

But here, to Alice's great surprise, the Duchess's voice died +away, even in the middle of her favourite word 'moral,' and the +arm that was linked into hers began to tremble. Alice looked up, +and there stood the Queen in front of them, with her arms folded, +frowning like a thunderstorm.

+ +

'A fine day, your Majesty!' the Duchess began in a low, weak +voice.

+ +

'Now, I give you fair warning,' shouted the Queen, stamping on +the ground as she spoke; 'either you or your head must be off, +and that in about half no time! Take your choice!'

+ +

The Duchess took her choice, and was gone in a moment.

+ +

'Let's go on with the game,' the Queen said to Alice; and +Alice was too much frightened to say a word, but slowly followed +her back to the croquet-ground.

+ +

The other guests had taken advantage of the Queen's absence, +and were resting in the shade: however, the moment they saw her, +they hurried back to the game, the Queen merely remarking that a +moment's delay would cost them their lives.

+ +

All the time they were playing the Queen never left off +quarrelling with the other players, and shouting 'Off with his +head!' or 'Off with her head!' Those whom she sentenced were +taken into custody by the soldiers, who of course had to leave +off being arches to do this, so that by the end of half an hour +or so there were no arches left, and all the players, except the +King, the Queen, and Alice, were in custody and under sentence of +execution.

+ +

Then the Queen left off, quite out of breath, and said to +Alice, 'Have you seen the Mock Turtle yet?'

+ +

'No,' said Alice. 'I don't even know what a Mock Turtle +is.'

+ +

'It's the thing Mock Turtle Soup is made from,' said the +Queen.

+ +

'I never saw one, or heard of one,' said Alice.

+ +

'Come on, then,' said the Queen, 'and he shall tell you his +history,'

+ +

As they walked off together, Alice heard the King say in a low +voice, to the company generally, 'You are all pardoned.' 'Come, +that's a good thing!' she said to herself, for she had +felt quite unhappy at the number of executions the Queen had +ordered.

+ +

They very soon came upon a Gryphon, lying fast asleep in the +sun. (If you don't know what a Gryphon is, look at the picture.) +'Up, lazy thing!' said the Queen, 'and take this young lady to +see the Mock Turtle, and to hear his history. I must go back and +see after some executions I have ordered'; and she walked off, +leaving Alice alone with the Gryphon. Alice did not quite like +the look of the creature, but on the whole she thought it would +be quite as safe to stay with it as to go after that savage +Queen: so she waited.

+ +

The Gryphon sat up and rubbed its eyes: then it watched the +Queen till she was out of sight: then it chuckled. 'What fun!' +said the Gryphon, half to itself, half to Alice.

+ +

'What is the fun?' said Alice.

+ +

'Why, she,' said the Gryphon. 'It's all her fancy, +that: they never executes nobody, you know. Come on!'

+ +

'Everybody says "come on!" here,' thought Alice, as she went +slowly after it: 'I never was so ordered about in all my life, +never!'

+ +

They had not gone far before they saw the Mock Turtle in the +distance, sitting sad and lonely on a little ledge of rock, and, +as they came nearer, Alice could hear him sighing as if his heart +would break. She pitied him deeply. 'What is his sorrow?' she +asked the Gryphon, and the Gryphon answered, very nearly in the +same words as before, 'It's all his fancy, that: he hasn't got no +sorrow, you know. Come on!'

+ +

So they went up to the Mock Turtle, who looked at them with +large eyes full of tears, but said nothing.

+ +

'This here young lady,' said the Gryphon, 'she wants for to +know your history, she do.'

+ +

'I'll tell it her,' said the Mock Turtle in a deep, hollow +tone: 'sit down, both of you, and don't speak a word till I've +finished.'

+ +

So they sat down, and nobody spoke for some minutes. Alice +thought to herself, 'I don't see how he can even finish, +if he doesn't begin.' But she waited patiently.

+ +

'Once,' said the Mock Turtle at last, with a deep sigh, 'I was +a real Turtle.'

+ +

These words were followed by a very long silence, broken only +by an occasional exclamation of 'Hjckrrh!' from the Gryphon, and +the constant heavy sobbing of the Mock Turtle. Alice was very +nearly getting up and saying, 'Thank you, sir, for your +interesting story,' but she could not help thinking there +must be more to come, so she sat still and said +nothing.

+ +

'When we were little,' the Mock Turtle went on at last, more +calmly, though still sobbing a little now and then, 'we went to +school in the sea. The master was an old Turtle--we used to call +him Tortoise--'

+ +

'Why did you call him Tortoise, if he wasn't one?' Alice +asked.

+ +

'We called him Tortoise because he taught us,' said the Mock +Turtle angrily: 'really you are very dull!'

+ +

'You ought to be ashamed of yourself for asking such a simple +question,' added the Gryphon; and then they both sat silent and +looked at poor Alice, who felt ready to sink into the earth. At +last the Gryphon said to the Mock Turtle, 'Drive on, old fellow! +Don't be all day about it!' and he went on in these words:

+ +

'Yes, we went to school in the sea, though you mayn't believe +it--'

+ +

'I never said I didn't!' interrupted Alice.

+ +

'You did,' said the Mock Turtle.

+ +

'Hold your tongue!' added the Gryphon, before Alice could +speak again. The Mock Turtle went on.

+ +

'We had the best of educations--in fact, we went to school +every day--'

+ +

'I've been to a day-school, too,' said Alice; 'you +needn't be so proud as all that.'

+ +

'With extras?' asked the Mock Turtle a little anxiously.

+ +

'Yes,' said Alice, 'we learned French and music.'

+ +

'And washing?' said the Mock Turtle.

+ +

'Certainly not!' said Alice indignantly.

+ +

'Ah! then yours wasn't a really good school,' said the Mock +Turtle in a tone of great relief. 'Now at ours they had at +the end of the bill, "French, music, and +washing--extra."'

+ +

'You couldn't have wanted it much,' said Alice; 'living at the +bottom of the sea.'

+ +

'I couldn't afford to learn it.' said the Mock Turtle with a +sigh. 'I only took the regular course.'

+ +

'What was that?' inquired Alice.

+ +

'Reeling and Writhing, of course, to begin with,' the Mock +Turtle replied; 'and then the different branches of Arithmetic-- +Ambition, Distraction, Uglification, and Derision.'

+ +

'I never heard of "Uglification,"' Alice ventured to say. +'What is it?'

+ +

The Gryphon lifted up both its paws in surprise. 'What! Never +heard of uglifying!' it exclaimed. 'You know what to beautify is, +I suppose?'

+ +

'Yes,' said Alice doubtfully: 'it +means--to--make--anything--prettier.'

+ +

'Well, then,' the Gryphon went on, 'if you don't know what to +uglify is, you are a simpleton.'

+ +

Alice did not feel encouraged to ask any more questions about +it, so she turned to the Mock Turtle, and said 'What else had you +to learn?'

+ +

'Well, there was Mystery,' the Mock Turtle replied, counting +off the subjects on his flappers, '--Mystery, ancient and modern, +with Seaography: then Drawling--the Drawling-master was an old +conger-eel, that used to come once a week: He taught us +Drawling, Stretching, and Fainting in Coils.'

+ +

'What was that like?' said Alice.

+ +

'Well, I can't show it you myself,' the Mock Turtle said: 'I'm +too stiff. And the Gryphon never learnt it.'

+ +

'Hadn't time,' said the Gryphon: 'I went to the Classics +master, though. He was an old crab, he was.'

+ +

'I never went to him,' the Mock Turtle said with a sigh: 'he +taught Laughing and Grief, they used to say.'

+ +

'So he did, so he did,' said the Gryphon, sighing in his turn; +and both creatures hid their faces in their paws.

+ +

'And how many hours a day did you do lessons?' said Alice, in +a hurry to change the subject.

+ +

'Ten hours the first day,' said the Mock Turtle: 'nine the +next, and so on.'

+ +

'What a curious plan!' exclaimed Alice.

+ +

'That's the reason they're called lessons,' the Gryphon +remarked: 'because they lessen from day to day.'

+ +

This was quite a new idea to Alice, and she thought it over a +little before she made her next remark. 'Then the eleventh day +must have been a holiday?'

+ +

'Of course it was,' said the Mock Turtle.

+ +

'And how did you manage on the twelfth?' Alice went on +eagerly.

+ +

'That's enough about lessons,' the Gryphon interrupted in a +very decided tone: 'tell her something about the games now.'

+ +
+

CHAPTER X

+ +

The Lobster Quadrille

+ +

The Mock Turtle sighed deeply, and drew the back of one +flapper across his eyes. He looked at Alice, and tried to speak, +but for a minute or two sobs choked his voice. 'Same as if he had +a bone in his throat,' said the Gryphon: and it set to work +shaking him and punching him in the back. At last the Mock Turtle +recovered his voice, and, with tears running down his cheeks, he +went on again:--

+ +

'You may not have lived much under the sea--' ('I haven't,' +said Alice)-- 'and perhaps you were never even introduced to a +lobster--' (Alice began to say 'I once tasted--' but checked +herself hastily, and said 'No, never') '--so you can have no idea +what a delightful thing a Lobster Quadrille is!'

+ +

'No, indeed,' said Alice. 'What sort of a dance is it?'

+ +

'Why,' said the Gryphon, 'you first form into a line along the +sea-shore--'

+ +

'Two lines!' cried the Mock Turtle. 'Seals, turtles, salmon, +and so on; then, when you've cleared all the jelly-fish out of +the way--'

+ +

'That generally takes some time,' interrupted the +Gryphon.

+ +

'--you advance twice--'

+ +

'Each with a lobster as a partner!' cried the Gryphon.

+ +

'Of course,' the Mock Turtle said: 'advance twice, set to +partners--'

+ +

'--change lobsters, and retire in same order,' continued the +Gryphon.

+ +

'Then, you know,' the Mock Turtle went on, 'you throw +the--'

+ +

'The lobsters!' shouted the Gryphon, with a bound into the +air.

+ +

'--as far out to sea as you can--'

+ +

'Swim after them!' screamed the Gryphon.

+ +

'Turn a somersault in the sea!' cried the Mock Turtle, +capering wildly about.

+ +

'Change lobster's again!' yelled the Gryphon at the top of its +voice.

+ +

'Back to land again, and that's all the first figure,' said +the Mock Turtle, suddenly dropping his voice; and the two +creatures, who had been jumping about like mad things all this +time, sat down again very sadly and quietly, and looked at +Alice.

+ +

'It must be a very pretty dance,' said Alice timidly.

+ +

'Would you like to see a little of it?' said the Mock +Turtle.

+ +

'Very much indeed,' said Alice.

+ +

'Come, let's try the first figure!' said the Mock Turtle to +the Gryphon. 'We can do without lobsters, you know. Which shall +sing?'

+ +

'Oh, you sing,' said the Gryphon. 'I've forgotten the +words.'

+ +

So they began solemnly dancing round and round Alice, every +now and then treading on her toes when they passed too close, and +waving their forepaws to mark the time, while the Mock Turtle +sang this, very slowly and sadly:--

+ +

'"Will you walk a little faster?" said a whiting to a +snail. "There's a porpoise close behind us, and he's treading on +my tail. See how eagerly the lobsters and the turtles all +advance! They are waiting on the shingle--will you come and join +the dance?

+ +

Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, will you join the +dance? Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, won't you join +the dance?

+ +

"You can really have no notion how delightful it will be +When they take us up and throw us, with the lobsters, out to +sea!" But the snail replied "Too far, too far!" and gave a look +askance-- Said he thanked the whiting kindly, but he would not +join the dance. Would not, could not, would not, could not, would +not join the dance. Would not, could not, would not, could not, +could not join the dance.

+ +

'"What matters it how far we go?" his scaly friend replied. +"There is another shore, you know, upon the other side. The +further off from England the nearer is to France-- Then turn not +pale, beloved snail, but come and join the dance.

+ +

Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, will you join the +dance? Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, won't you join +the dance?"'

+ +

'Thank you, it's a very interesting dance to watch,' said +Alice, feeling very glad that it was over at last: 'and I do so +like that curious song about the whiting!'

+ +

'Oh, as to the whiting,' said the Mock Turtle, 'they--you've +seen them, of course?'

+ +

'Yes,' said Alice, 'I've often seen them at dinn--' she +checked herself hastily.

+ +

'I don't know where Dinn may be,' said the Mock Turtle, 'but +if you've seen them so often, of course you know what they're +like.'

+ +

'I believe so,' Alice replied thoughtfully. 'They have their +tails in their mouths--and they're all over crumbs.'

+ +

'You're wrong about the crumbs,' said the Mock Turtle: 'crumbs +would all wash off in the sea. But they have their tails +in their mouths; and the reason is--' here the Mock Turtle yawned +and shut his eyes.--'Tell her about the reason and all that,' he +said to the Gryphon.

+ +

'The reason is,' said the Gryphon, 'that they would go +with the lobsters to the dance. So they got thrown out to sea. So +they had to fall a long way. So they got their tails fast in +their mouths. So they couldn't get them out again. That's +all.'

+ +

'Thank you,' said Alice, 'it's very interesting. I never knew +so much about a whiting before.'

+ +

'I can tell you more than that, if you like,' said the +Gryphon. 'Do you know why it's called a whiting?'

+ +

'I never thought about it,' said Alice. 'Why?'

+ +

'It does the boots and shoes.' the Gryphon replied very +solemnly.

+ +

Alice was thoroughly puzzled. 'Does the boots and shoes!' she +repeated in a wondering tone.

+ +

'Why, what are your shoes done with?' said the Gryphon. +'I mean, what makes them so shiny?'

+ +

Alice looked down at them, and considered a little before she +gave her answer. 'They're done with blacking, I believe.'

+ +

'Boots and shoes under the sea,' the Gryphon went on in a deep +voice, 'are done with a whiting. Now you know.'

+ +

'And what are they made of?' Alice asked in a tone of great +curiosity.

+ +

'Soles and eels, of course,' the Gryphon replied rather +impatiently: 'any shrimp could have told you that.'

+ +

'If I'd been the whiting,' said Alice, whose thoughts were +still running on the song, 'I'd have said to the porpoise, "Keep +back, please: we don't want you with us!"'

+ +

'They were obliged to have him with them,' the Mock Turtle +said: 'no wise fish would go anywhere without a porpoise.'

+ +

'Wouldn't it really?' said Alice in a tone of great +surprise.

+ +

'Of course not,' said the Mock Turtle: 'why, if a fish came to +me, and told me he was going a journey, I should say "With +what porpoise?"'

+ +

'Don't you mean "purpose"?' said Alice.

+ +

'I mean what I say,' the Mock Turtle replied in an offended +tone. And the Gryphon added 'Come, let's hear some of your +adventures.'

+ +

'I could tell you my adventures--beginning from this morning,' +said Alice a little timidly: 'but it's no use going back to +yesterday, because I was a different person then.'

+ +

'Explain all that,' said the Mock Turtle.

+ +

'No, no! The adventures first,' said the Gryphon in an +impatient tone: 'explanations take such a dreadful time.'

+ +

So Alice began telling them her adventures from the time when +she first saw the White Rabbit. She was a little nervous about it +just at first, the two creatures got so close to her, one on each +side, and opened their eyes and mouths so very wide, but +she gained courage as she went on. Her listeners were perfectly +quiet till she got to the part about her repeating 'You are +old, Father William,' to the Caterpillar, and the words all +coming different, and then the Mock Turtle drew a long breath, +and said 'That's very curious.'

+ +

'It's all about as curious as it can be,' said the +Gryphon.

+ +

'It all came different!' the Mock Turtle repeated +thoughtfully. 'I should like to hear her try and repeat something +now. Tell her to begin.' He looked at the Gryphon as if he +thought it had some kind of authority over Alice.

+ +

'Stand up and repeat "'Tis the voice of the sluggard,"' +said the Gryphon.

+ +

'How the creatures order one about, and make one repeat +lessons!' thought Alice; 'I might as well be at school at once.' +However, she got up, and began to repeat it, but her head was so +full of the Lobster Quadrille, that she hardly knew what she was +saying, and the words came very queer indeed:--

+ +

''Tis the voice of the Lobster; I heard him declare, "You have +baked me too brown, I must sugar my hair." As a duck with its +eyelids, so he with his nose Trims his belt and his buttons, and +turns out his toes.'

+ +

[later editions continued as follows When the sands are all +dry, he is gay as a lark, And will talk in contemptuous tones of +the Shark, But, when the tide rises and sharks are around, His +voice has a timid and tremulous sound.]

+ +

'That's different from what I used to say when I was a child,' +said the Gryphon.

+ +

'Well, I never heard it before,' said the Mock Turtle; 'but it +sounds uncommon nonsense.'

+ +

Alice said nothing; she had sat down with her face in her +hands, wondering if anything would ever happen in a +natural way again.

+ +

'I should like to have it explained,' said the Mock +Turtle.

+ +

'She can't explain it,' said the Gryphon hastily. 'Go on with +the next verse.'

+ +

'But about his toes?' the Mock Turtle persisted. 'How +could he turn them out with his nose, you know?'

+ +

'It's the first position in dancing.' Alice said; but was +dreadfully puzzled by the whole thing, and longed to change the +subject.

+ +

'Go on with the next verse,' the Gryphon repeated impatiently: +'it begins "I passed by his garden."'

+ +

Alice did not dare to disobey, though she felt sure it would +all come wrong, and she went on in a trembling voice:--

+ +

'I passed by his garden, and marked, with one eye, How the +Owl and the Panther were sharing a pie--'

+ +

[later editions continued as follows: The Panther +took pie-crust, and gravy, and meat, While the Owl had the dish +as its share of the treat. When the pie was all finished, the +Owl, as a boon, Was kindly permitted to pocket the spoon: While +the Panther received knife and fork with a growl, And concluded +the banquet--]

+ +

'What is the use of repeating all that stuff,' the Mock Turtle +interrupted, 'if you don't explain it as you go on? It's by far +the most confusing thing I ever heard!'

+ +

'Yes, I think you'd better leave off,' said the Gryphon: and +Alice was only too glad to do so.

+ +

'Shall we try another figure of the Lobster Quadrille?' the +Gryphon went on. 'Or would you like the Mock Turtle to sing you a +song?'

+ +

'Oh, a song, please, if the Mock Turtle would be so kind,' +Alice replied, so eagerly that the Gryphon said, in a rather +offended tone, 'Hm! No accounting for tastes! Sing her "Turtle +Soup," will you, old fellow?'

+ +

The Mock Turtle sighed deeply, and began, in a voice sometimes +choked with sobs, to sing this:--

+ +

'Beautiful Soup, so rich and green, Waiting in a hot +tureen! Who for such dainties would not stoop? Soup of the +evening, beautiful Soup! Soup of the evening, beautiful Soup! +Beau--ootiful Soo--oop! Beau--ootiful Soo--oop! Soo--oop of the +e--e--evening, Beautiful, beautiful Soup!

+ +

'Beautiful Soup! Who cares for fish, Game, or any other +dish? Who would not give all else for two pennyworth only of +beautiful Soup? Pennyworth only of beautiful Soup? Beau--ootiful +Soo--oop! Beau--ootiful Soo--oop! Soo--oop of the e--e--evening, +Beautiful, beauti--FUL SOUP!'

+ +

'Chorus again!' cried the Gryphon, and the Mock Turtle had +just begun to repeat it, when a cry of 'The trial's beginning!' +was heard in the distance.

+ +

'Come on!' cried the Gryphon, and, taking Alice by the hand, +it hurried off, without waiting for the end of the song.

+ +

'What trial is it?' Alice panted as she ran; but the Gryphon +only answered 'Come on!' and ran the faster, while more and more +faintly came, carried on the breeze that followed them, the +melancholy words:--

+ +

'Soo--oop of the e--e--evening, Beautiful, beautiful +Soup!'

+ +
+

CHAPTER XI

+ +

Who Stole the Tarts?

+ +

The King and Queen of Hearts were seated on their throne when +they arrived, with a great crowd assembled about them--all sorts +of little birds and beasts, as well as the whole pack of cards: +the Knave was standing before them, in chains, with a soldier on +each side to guard him; and near the King was the White Rabbit, +with a trumpet in one hand, and a scroll of parchment in the +other. In the very middle of the court was a table, with a large +dish of tarts upon it: they looked so good, that it made Alice +quite hungry to look at them--'I wish they'd get the trial done,' +she thought, 'and hand round the refreshments!' But there seemed +to be no chance of this, so she began looking at everything about +her, to pass away the time.

+ +

Alice had never been in a court of justice before, but she had +read about them in books, and she was quite pleased to find that +she knew the name of nearly everything there. 'That's the judge,' +she said to herself, 'because of his great wig.'

+ +

The judge, by the way, was the King; and as he wore his crown +over the wig, (look at the frontispiece if you want to see how he +did it,) he did not look at all comfortable, and it was certainly +not becoming.

+ +

'And that's the jury-box,' thought Alice, 'and those twelve +creatures,' (she was obliged to say 'creatures,' you see, because +some of them were animals, and some were birds,) 'I suppose they +are the jurors.' She said this last word two or three times over +to herself, being rather proud of it: for she thought, and +rightly too, that very few little girls of her age knew the +meaning of it at all. However, 'jury-men' would have done just as +well.

+ +

The twelve jurors were all writing very busily on slates. +'What are they doing?' Alice whispered to the Gryphon. 'They +can't have anything to put down yet, before the trial's +begun.'

+ +

'They're putting down their names,' the Gryphon whispered in +reply, 'for fear they should forget them before the end of the +trial.'

+ +

'Stupid things!' Alice began in a loud, indignant voice, but +she stopped hastily, for the White Rabbit cried out, 'Silence in +the court!' and the King put on his spectacles and looked +anxiously round, to make out who was talking.

+ +

Alice could see, as well as if she were looking over their +shoulders, that all the jurors were writing down 'stupid things!' +on their slates, and she could even make out that one of them +didn't know how to spell 'stupid,' and that he had to ask his +neighbour to tell him. 'A nice muddle their slates'll be in +before the trial's over!' thought Alice.

+ +

One of the jurors had a pencil that squeaked. This of course, +Alice could not stand, and she went round the court and +got behind him, and very soon found an opportunity of taking it +away. She did it so quickly that the poor little juror (it was +Bill, the Lizard) could not make out at all what had become of +it; so, after hunting all about for it, he was obliged to write +with one finger for the rest of the day; and this was of very +little use, as it left no mark on the slate.

+ +

'Herald, read the accusation!' said the King.

+ +

On this the White Rabbit blew three blasts on the trumpet, and +then unrolled the parchment scroll, and read as follows:--

+ +

'The Queen of Hearts, she made some tarts, All on a summer +day: The Knave of Hearts, he stole those tarts, And took them +quite away!'

+ +

'Consider your verdict,' the King said to the jury.

+ +

'Not yet, not yet!' the Rabbit hastily interrupted. 'There's a +great deal to come before that!'

+ +

'Call the first witness,' said the King; and the White Rabbit +blew three blasts on the trumpet, and called out, 'First +witness!'

+ +

The first witness was the Hatter. He came in with a teacup in +one hand and a piece of bread-and-butter in the other. 'I beg +pardon, your Majesty,' he began, 'for bringing these in: but I +hadn't quite finished my tea when I was sent for.'

+ +

'You ought to have finished,' said the King. 'When did you +begin?'

+ +

The Hatter looked at the March Hare, who had followed him into +the court, arm-in-arm with the Dormouse. 'Fourteenth of March, I +think it was,' he said.

+ +

'Fifteenth,' said the March Hare.

+ +

'Sixteenth,' added the Dormouse.

+ +

'Write that down,' the King said to the jury, and the jury +eagerly wrote down all three dates on their slates, and then +added them up, and reduced the answer to shillings and pence.

+ +

'Take off your hat,' the King said to the Hatter.

+ +

'It isn't mine,' said the Hatter.

+ +

'Stolen!' the King exclaimed, turning to the jury, who +instantly made a memorandum of the fact.

+ +

'I keep them to sell,' the Hatter added as an explanation; +'I've none of my own. I'm a hatter.'

+ +

Here the Queen put on her spectacles, and began staring at the +Hatter, who turned pale and fidgeted.

+ +

'Give your evidence,' said the King; 'and don't be nervous, or +I'll have you executed on the spot.'

+ +

This did not seem to encourage the witness at all: he kept +shifting from one foot to the other, looking uneasily at the +Queen, and in his confusion he bit a large piece out of his +teacup instead of the bread-and-butter.

+ +

Just at this moment Alice felt a very curious sensation, which +puzzled her a good deal until she made out what it was: she was +beginning to grow larger again, and she thought at first she +would get up and leave the court; but on second thoughts she +decided to remain where she was as long as there was room for +her.

+ +

'I wish you wouldn't squeeze so.' said the Dormouse, who was +sitting next to her. 'I can hardly breathe.'

+ +

'I can't help it,' said Alice very meekly: 'I'm growing.'

+ +

'You've no right to grow here,' said the Dormouse.

+ +

'Don't talk nonsense,' said Alice more boldly: 'you know +you're growing too.'

+ +

'Yes, but I grow at a reasonable pace,' said the +Dormouse: 'not in that ridiculous fashion.' And he got up very +sulkily and crossed over to the other side of the court.

+ +

All this time the Queen had never left off staring at the +Hatter, and, just as the Dormouse crossed the court, she said to +one of the officers of the court, 'Bring me the list of the +singers in the last concert!' on which the wretched Hatter +trembled so, that he shook both his shoes off.

+ +

'Give your evidence,' the King repeated angrily, 'or I'll have +you executed, whether you're nervous or not.'

+ +

'I'm a poor man, your Majesty,' the Hatter began, in a +trembling voice, '--and I hadn't begun my tea--not above a week +or so--and what with the bread-and-butter getting so thin--and +the twinkling of the tea--'

+ +

'The twinkling of the what?' said the King.

+ +

'It began with the tea,' the Hatter replied.

+ +

'Of course twinkling begins with a T!' said the King +sharply. 'Do you take me for a dunce? Go on!'

+ +

'I'm a poor man,' the Hatter went on, 'and most things +twinkled after that--only the March Hare said--'

+ +

'I didn't!' the March Hare interrupted in a great hurry.

+ +

'You did!' said the Hatter.

+ +

'I deny it!' said the March Hare.

+ +

'He denies it,' said the King: 'leave out that part.'

+ +

'Well, at any rate, the Dormouse said--' the Hatter went on, +looking anxiously round to see if he would deny it too: but the +Dormouse denied nothing, being fast asleep.

+ +

'After that,' continued the Hatter, 'I cut some more bread- +and-butter--'

+ +

'But what did the Dormouse say?' one of the jury asked.

+ +

'That I can't remember,' said the Hatter.

+ +

'You must remember,' remarked the King, 'or I'll have +you executed.'

+ +

The miserable Hatter dropped his teacup and bread-and-butter, +and went down on one knee. 'I'm a poor man, your Majesty,' he +began.

+ +

'You're a very poor speaker,' said the King.

+ +

Here one of the guinea-pigs cheered, and was immediately +suppressed by the officers of the court. (As that is rather a +hard word, I will just explain to you how it was done. They had a +large canvas bag, which tied up at the mouth with strings: into +this they slipped the guinea-pig, head first, and then sat upon +it.)

+ +

'I'm glad I've seen that done,' thought Alice. 'I've so often +read in the newspapers, at the end of trials, "There was some +attempts at applause, which was immediately suppressed by the +officers of the court," and I never understood what it meant till +now.'

+ +

'If that's all you know about it, you may stand down,' +continued the King.

+ +

'I can't go no lower,' said the Hatter: 'I'm on the floor, as +it is.'

+ +

'Then you may sit down,' the King replied.

+ +

Here the other guinea-pig cheered, and was suppressed.

+ +

'Come, that finished the guinea-pigs!' thought Alice. 'Now we +shall get on better.'

+ +

'I'd rather finish my tea,' said the Hatter, with an anxious +look at the Queen, who was reading the list of singers.

+ +

'You may go,' said the King, and the Hatter hurriedly left the +court, without even waiting to put his shoes on.

+ +

'--and just take his head off outside,' the Queen added to one +of the officers: but the Hatter was out of sight before the +officer could get to the door.

+ +

'Call the next witness!' said the King.

+ +

The next witness was the Duchess's cook. She carried the +pepper-box in her hand, and Alice guessed who it was, even before +she got into the court, by the way the people near the door began +sneezing all at once.

+ +

'Give your evidence,' said the King.

+ +

'Shan't,' said the cook.

+ +

The King looked anxiously at the White Rabbit, who said in a +low voice, 'Your Majesty must cross-examine this witness.'

+ +

'Well, if I must, I must,' the King said, with a melancholy +air, and, after folding his arms and frowning at the cook till +his eyes were nearly out of sight, he said in a deep voice, 'What +are tarts made of?'

+ +

'Pepper, mostly,' said the cook.

+ +

'Treacle,' said a sleepy voice behind her.

+ +

'Collar that Dormouse,' the Queen shrieked out. 'Behead that +Dormouse! Turn that Dormouse out of court! Suppress him! Pinch +him! Off with his whiskers!'

+ +

For some minutes the whole court was in confusion, getting the +Dormouse turned out, and, by the time they had settled down +again, the cook had disappeared.

+ +

'Never mind!' said the King, with an air of great relief. +'Call the next witness.' And he added in an undertone to the +Queen, 'Really, my dear, you must cross-examine the next +witness. It quite makes my forehead ache!'

+ +

Alice watched the White Rabbit as he fumbled over the list, +feeling very curious to see what the next witness would be like, +'--for they haven't got much evidence yet,' she said to +herself. Imagine her surprise, when the White Rabbit read out, at +the top of his shrill little voice, the name 'Alice!'

+ +
+

CHAPTER XII

+ +

Alice's Evidence

+ +

'Here!' cried Alice, quite forgetting in the flurry of the +moment how large she had grown in the last few minutes, and she +jumped up in such a hurry that she tipped over the jury-box with +the edge of her skirt, upsetting all the jurymen on to the heads +of the crowd below, and there they lay sprawling about, reminding +her very much of a globe of goldfish she had accidentally upset +the week before.

+ +

'Oh, I beg your pardon!' she exclaimed in a tone of +great dismay, and began picking them up again as quickly as she +could, for the accident of the goldfish kept running in her head, +and she had a vague sort of idea that they must be collected at +once and put back into the jury-box, or they would die.

+ +

'The trial cannot proceed,' said the King in a very grave +voice, 'until all the jurymen are back in their proper places-- +all,' he repeated with great emphasis, looking hard at +Alice as he said do.

+ +

Alice looked at the jury-box, and saw that, in her haste, she +had put the Lizard in head downwards, and the poor little thing +was waving its tail about in a melancholy way, being quite unable +to move. She soon got it out again, and put it right; 'not that +it signifies much,' she said to herself; 'I should think it would +be quite as much use in the trial one way up as the +other.'

+ +

As soon as the jury had a little recovered from the shock of +being upset, and their slates and pencils had been found and +handed back to them, they set to work very diligently to write +out a history of the accident, all except the Lizard, who seemed +too much overcome to do anything but sit with its mouth open, +gazing up into the roof of the court.

+ +

'What do you know about this business?' the King said to +Alice.

+ +

'Nothing,' said Alice.

+ +

'Nothing whatever?' persisted the King.

+ +

'Nothing whatever,' said Alice.

+ +

'That's very important,' the King said, turning to the jury. +They were just beginning to write this down on their slates, when +the White Rabbit interrupted: 'Unimportant, your Majesty +means, of course,' he said in a very respectful tone, but +frowning and making faces at him as he spoke.

+ +

'Unimportant, of course, I meant,' the King hastily +said, and went on to himself in an undertone, +'important--unimportant-- unimportant--important--' as if he were +trying which word sounded best.

+ +

Some of the jury wrote it down 'important,' and some +'unimportant.' Alice could see this, as she was near enough to +look over their slates; 'but it doesn't matter a bit,' she +thought to herself.

+ +

At this moment the King, who had been for some time busily +writing in his note-book, cackled out 'Silence!' and read out +from his book, 'Rule Forty-two. All persons more than a mile +hight to leave the court.'

+ +

Everybody looked at Alice.

+ +

'I'm not a mile high,' said Alice.

+ +

'You are,' said the King.

+ +

'Nearly two miles high,' added the Queen.

+ +

'Well, I shan't go, at any rate,' said Alice: 'besides, that's +not a regular rule: you invented it just now.'

+ +

'It's the oldest rule in the book,' said the King.

+ +

'Then it ought to be Number One,' said Alice.

+ +

The King turned pale, and shut his note-book hastily. +'Consider your verdict,' he said to the jury, in a low, trembling +voice.

+ +

'There's more evidence to come yet, please your Majesty,' said +the White Rabbit, jumping up in a great hurry; 'this paper has +just been picked up.'

+ +

'What's in it?' said the Queen.

+ +

'I haven't opened it yet,' said the White Rabbit, 'but it +seems to be a letter, written by the prisoner to--to +somebody.'

+ +

'It must have been that,' said the King, 'unless it was +written to nobody, which isn't usual, you know.'

+ +

'Who is it directed to?' said one of the jurymen.

+ +

'It isn't directed at all,' said the White Rabbit; 'in fact, +there's nothing written on the outside.' He unfolded the +paper as he spoke, and added 'It isn't a letter, after all: it's +a set of verses.'

+ +

'Are they in the prisoner's handwriting?' asked another of +they jurymen.

+ +

'No, they're not,' said the White Rabbit, 'and that's the +queerest thing about it.' (The jury all looked puzzled.)

+ +

'He must have imitated somebody else's hand,' said the King. +(The jury all brightened up again.)

+ +

'Please your Majesty,' said the Knave, 'I didn't write it, and +they can't prove I did: there's no name signed at the end.'

+ +

'If you didn't sign it,' said the King, 'that only makes the +matter worse. You must have meant some mischief, or else +you'd have signed your name like an honest man.'

+ +

There was a general clapping of hands at this: it was the +first really clever thing the King had said that day.

+ +

'That proves his guilt,' said the Queen.

+ +

'It proves nothing of the sort!' said Alice. 'Why, you don't +even know what they're about!'

+ +

'Read them,' said the King.

+ +

The White Rabbit put on his spectacles. 'Where shall I begin, +please your Majesty?' he asked.

+ +

'Begin at the beginning,' the King said gravely, 'and go on +till you come to the end: then stop.'

+ +

These were the verses the White Rabbit read:--

+ +

'They told me you had been to her, And mentioned me to him: +She gave me a good character, But said I could not swim.

+ +

He sent them word I had not gone (We know it to be true): +If she should push the matter on, What would become of +you?

+ +

I gave her one, they gave him two, You gave us three or +more; They all returned from him to you, Though they were mine +before.

+ +

If I or she should chance to be Involved in this affair, He +trusts to you to set them free, Exactly as we were.

+ +

My notion was that you had been (Before she had this fit) +An obstacle that came between Him, and ourselves, and it.

+ +

Don't let him know she liked them best, For this must ever +be A secret, kept from all the rest, Between yourself and +me.'

+ +

'That's the most important piece of evidence we've heard yet,' +said the King, rubbing his hands; 'so now let the jury--'

+ +

'If any one of them can explain it,' said Alice, (she had +grown so large in the last few minutes that she wasn't a bit +afraid of interrupting him,) 'I'll give him sixpence. _I_ don't +believe there's an atom of meaning in it.'

+ +

The jury all wrote down on their slates, 'She doesn't +believe there's an atom of meaning in it,' but none of them +attempted to explain the paper.

+ +

'If there's no meaning in it,' said the King, 'that saves a +world of trouble, you know, as we needn't try to find any. And +yet I don't know,' he went on, spreading out the verses on his +knee, and looking at them with one eye; 'I seem to see some +meaning in them, after all. "-said I could not swim--" you +can't swim, can you?' he added, turning to the Knave.

+ +

The Knave shook his head sadly. 'Do I look like it?' he said. +(Which he certainly did not, being made entirely of +cardboard.)

+ +

'All right, so far,' said the King, and he went on muttering +over the verses to himself: '"We know it to be true--" +that's the jury, of course-- "I gave her one, they gave him +two--" why, that must be what he did with the tarts, you +know--'

+ +

'But, it goes on "they all returned from him to you,"' +said Alice.

+ +

'Why, there they are!' said the King triumphantly, pointing to +the tarts on the table. 'Nothing can be clearer than that. +Then again--"before she had this fit--" you never had +fits, my dear, I think?' he said to the Queen.

+ +

'Never!' said the Queen furiously, throwing an inkstand at the +Lizard as she spoke. (The unfortunate little Bill had left off +writing on his slate with one finger, as he found it made no +mark; but he now hastily began again, using the ink, that was +trickling down his face, as long as it lasted.)

+ +

'Then the words don't fit you,' said the King, looking +round the court with a smile. There was a dead silence.

+ +

'It's a pun!' the King added in an offended tone, and +everybody laughed, 'Let the jury consider their verdict,' the +King said, for about the twentieth time that day.

+ +

'No, no!' said the Queen. 'Sentence first--verdict +afterwards.'

+ +

'Stuff and nonsense!' said Alice loudly. 'The idea of having +the sentence first!'

+ +

'Hold your tongue!' said the Queen, turning purple.

+ +

'I won't!' said Alice.

+ +

'Off with her head!' the Queen shouted at the top of her +voice. Nobody moved.

+ +

'Who cares for you?' said Alice, (she had grown to her full +size by this time.) 'You're nothing but a pack of cards!'

+ +

At this the whole pack rose up into the air, and came flying +down upon her: she gave a little scream, half of fright and half +of anger, and tried to beat them off, and found herself lying on +the bank, with her head in the lap of her sister, who was gently +brushing away some dead leaves that had fluttered down from the +trees upon her face.

+ +

'Wake up, Alice dear!' said her sister; 'Why, what a long +sleep you've had!'

+ +

'Oh, I've had such a curious dream!' said Alice, and she told +her sister, as well as she could remember them, all these strange +Adventures of hers that you have just been reading about; and +when she had finished, her sister kissed her, and said, 'It +was a curious dream, dear, certainly: but now run in to +your tea; it's getting late.' So Alice got up and ran off, +thinking while she ran, as well she might, what a wonderful dream +it had been.

+ +

But her sister sat still just as she left her, leaning her +head on her hand, watching the setting sun, and thinking of +little Alice and all her wonderful Adventures, till she too began +dreaming after a fashion, and this was her dream:--

+ +

First, she dreamed of little Alice herself, and once again the +tiny hands were clasped upon her knee, and the bright eager eyes +were looking up into hers--she could hear the very tones of her +voice, and see that queer little toss of her head to keep back +the wandering hair that would always get into her +eyes--and still as she listened, or seemed to listen, the whole +place around her became alive the strange creatures of her little +sister's dream.

+ +

The long grass rustled at her feet as the White Rabbit hurried +by--the frightened Mouse splashed his way through the +neighbouring pool--she could hear the rattle of the teacups as +the March Hare and his friends shared their never-ending meal, +and the shrill voice of the Queen ordering off her unfortunate +guests to execution--once more the pig-baby was sneezing on the +Duchess's knee, while plates and dishes crashed around it--once +more the shriek of the Gryphon, the squeaking of the Lizard's +slate-pencil, and the choking of the suppressed guinea-pigs, +filled the air, mixed up with the distant sobs of the miserable +Mock Turtle.

+ +

So she sat on, with closed eyes, and half believed herself in +Wonderland, though she knew she had but to open them again, and +all would change to dull reality--the grass would be only +rustling in the wind, and the pool rippling to the waving of the +reeds--the rattling teacups would change to tinkling sheep-bells, +and the Queen's shrill cries to the voice of the shepherd +boy--and the sneeze of the baby, the shriek of the Gryphon, and +all the other queer noises, would change (she knew) to the +confused clamour of the busy farm-yard--while the lowing of the +cattle in the distance would take the place of the Mock Turtle's +heavy sobs.

+ +

Lastly, she pictured to herself how this same little sister of +hers would, in the after-time, be herself a grown woman; and how +she would keep, through all her riper years, the simple and +loving heart of her childhood: and how she would gather about her +other little children, and make their eyes bright and eager with +many a strange tale, perhaps even with the dream of Wonderland of +long ago: and how she would feel with all their simple sorrows, +and find a pleasure in all their simple joys, remembering her own +child-life, and the happy summer days.

+ +

End of the Project Gutenberg Etext of Alice's Adventures in +Wonderland

+ + + diff --git a/lib/buffer.js b/lib/buffer.js index 3668494334..98f6537931 100644 --- a/lib/buffer.js +++ b/lib/buffer.js @@ -410,20 +410,53 @@ Buffer.prototype.compare = function compare(b) { return binding.compare(this, b); }; +function slowIndexOf(buffer, val, byteOffset, encoding) { + var loweredCase = false; + for (;;) { + switch (encoding) { + case 'utf8': + case 'utf-8': + case 'ucs2': + case 'ucs-2': + case 'utf16le': + case 'utf-16le': + case 'binary': + return binding.indexOfString(buffer, val, byteOffset, encoding); -Buffer.prototype.indexOf = function indexOf(val, byteOffset) { + case 'base64': + case 'ascii': + case 'hex': + return binding.indexOfBuffer( + buffer, Buffer(val, encoding), byteOffset, encoding); + + default: + if (loweredCase) { + throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding); + } + + encoding = ('' + encoding).toLowerCase(); + loweredCase = true; + } + } +} + +Buffer.prototype.indexOf = function indexOf(val, byteOffset, encoding) { if (byteOffset > 0x7fffffff) byteOffset = 0x7fffffff; else if (byteOffset < -0x80000000) byteOffset = -0x80000000; byteOffset >>= 0; - if (typeof val === 'string') - return binding.indexOfString(this, val, byteOffset); - if (val instanceof Buffer) - return binding.indexOfBuffer(this, val, byteOffset); - if (typeof val === 'number') + if (typeof val === 'string') { + if (encoding === undefined) { + return binding.indexOfString(this, val, byteOffset, encoding); + } + return slowIndexOf(this, val, byteOffset, encoding); + } else if (val instanceof Buffer) { + return binding.indexOfBuffer(this, val, byteOffset, encoding); + } else if (typeof val === 'number') { return binding.indexOfNumber(this, val, byteOffset); + } throw new TypeError('val must be string, number or Buffer'); }; diff --git a/node.gyp b/node.gyp index ece9eeec2c..386074be79 100644 --- a/node.gyp +++ b/node.gyp @@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ 'src/util.h', 'src/util-inl.h', 'src/util.cc', + 'src/string_search.cc', 'deps/http_parser/http_parser.h', 'deps/v8/include/v8.h', 'deps/v8/include/v8-debug.h', diff --git a/src/node_buffer.cc b/src/node_buffer.cc index eb727cf9c8..0492987570 100644 --- a/src/node_buffer.cc +++ b/src/node_buffer.cc @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ #include "env.h" #include "env-inl.h" #include "string_bytes.h" +#include "string_search.h" #include "util.h" #include "util-inl.h" #include "v8-profiler.h" @@ -792,87 +793,156 @@ void Compare(const FunctionCallbackInfo &args) { } -int32_t IndexOf(const char* haystack, - size_t h_length, - const char* needle, - size_t n_length) { - CHECK_GE(h_length, n_length); - // TODO(trevnorris): Implement Boyer-Moore string search algorithm. - for (size_t i = 0; i < h_length - n_length + 1; i++) { - if (haystack[i] == needle[0]) { - if (memcmp(haystack + i, needle, n_length) == 0) - return i; - } - } - return -1; -} - - void IndexOfString(const FunctionCallbackInfo& args) { ASSERT(args[1]->IsString()); ASSERT(args[2]->IsNumber()); + enum encoding enc = ParseEncoding(args.GetIsolate(), + args[3], + UTF8); + THROW_AND_RETURN_UNLESS_BUFFER(Environment::GetCurrent(args), args[0]); SPREAD_ARG(args[0], ts_obj); - node::Utf8Value str(args.GetIsolate(), args[1]); - int32_t offset_i32 = args[2]->Int32Value(); - uint32_t offset; + Local needle = args[1].As(); + const char* haystack = ts_obj_data; + const size_t haystack_length = ts_obj_length; + const size_t needle_length = needle->Utf8Length(); + + + if (needle_length == 0 || haystack_length == 0) { + return args.GetReturnValue().Set(-1); + } + + int64_t offset_i64 = args[2]->IntegerValue(); + size_t offset = 0; - if (offset_i32 < 0) { - if (offset_i32 + static_cast(ts_obj_length) < 0) + if (offset_i64 < 0) { + if (offset_i64 + static_cast(haystack_length) < 0) { offset = 0; - else - offset = static_cast(ts_obj_length + offset_i32); + } else { + offset = static_cast(haystack_length + offset_i64); + } } else { - offset = static_cast(offset_i32); + offset = static_cast(offset_i64); } - if (str.length() == 0 || - ts_obj_length == 0 || - (offset != 0 && str.length() + offset <= str.length()) || - str.length() + offset > ts_obj_length) + if (haystack_length < offset || needle_length + offset > haystack_length) { return args.GetReturnValue().Set(-1); + } - int32_t r = - IndexOf(ts_obj_data + offset, ts_obj_length - offset, *str, str.length()); - args.GetReturnValue().Set(r == -1 ? -1 : static_cast(r + offset)); -} + size_t result = haystack_length; + + if (enc == UCS2) { + String::Value needle_value(needle); + if (*needle_value == nullptr) + return args.GetReturnValue().Set(-1); + + if (haystack_length < 2 || needle_value.length() < 1) { + return args.GetReturnValue().Set(-1); + } + + result = SearchString(reinterpret_cast(haystack), + haystack_length / 2, + reinterpret_cast(*needle_value), + needle_value.length(), + offset / 2); + result *= 2; + } else if (enc == UTF8) { + String::Utf8Value needle_value(needle); + if (*needle_value == nullptr) + return args.GetReturnValue().Set(-1); + + result = SearchString(reinterpret_cast(haystack), + haystack_length, + reinterpret_cast(*needle_value), + needle_length, + offset); + } else if (enc == BINARY) { + uint8_t* needle_data = static_cast(malloc(needle_length)); + if (needle_data == nullptr) { + return args.GetReturnValue().Set(-1); + } + needle->WriteOneByte( + needle_data, 0, needle_length, String::NO_NULL_TERMINATION); + + result = SearchString(reinterpret_cast(haystack), + haystack_length, + needle_data, + needle_length, + offset); + free(needle_data); + } + args.GetReturnValue().Set( + result == haystack_length ? -1 : static_cast(result)); +} void IndexOfBuffer(const FunctionCallbackInfo& args) { ASSERT(args[1]->IsObject()); ASSERT(args[2]->IsNumber()); + enum encoding enc = ParseEncoding(args.GetIsolate(), + args[3], + UTF8); + THROW_AND_RETURN_UNLESS_BUFFER(Environment::GetCurrent(args), args[0]); SPREAD_ARG(args[0], ts_obj); SPREAD_ARG(args[1], buf); - const int32_t offset_i32 = args[2]->Int32Value(); - uint32_t offset; if (buf_length > 0) CHECK_NE(buf_data, nullptr); - if (offset_i32 < 0) { - if (offset_i32 + static_cast(ts_obj_length) < 0) + const char* haystack = ts_obj_data; + const size_t haystack_length = ts_obj_length; + const char* needle = buf_data; + const size_t needle_length = buf_length; + + if (needle_length == 0 || haystack_length == 0) { + return args.GetReturnValue().Set(-1); + } + + int64_t offset_i64 = args[2]->IntegerValue(); + size_t offset = 0; + + if (offset_i64 < 0) { + if (offset_i64 + static_cast(haystack_length) < 0) offset = 0; else - offset = static_cast(ts_obj_length + offset_i32); + offset = static_cast(haystack_length + offset_i64); } else { - offset = static_cast(offset_i32); + offset = static_cast(offset_i64); } - if (buf_length == 0 || - ts_obj_length == 0 || - (offset != 0 && buf_length + offset <= buf_length) || - buf_length + offset > ts_obj_length) + if (haystack_length < offset || needle_length + offset > haystack_length) { return args.GetReturnValue().Set(-1); + } - int32_t r = - IndexOf(ts_obj_data + offset, ts_obj_length - offset, buf_data, buf_length); - args.GetReturnValue().Set(r == -1 ? -1 : static_cast(r + offset)); -} + size_t result = haystack_length; + if (enc == UCS2) { + if (haystack_length < 2 || needle_length < 2) { + return args.GetReturnValue().Set(-1); + } + result = SearchString( + reinterpret_cast(haystack), + haystack_length / 2, + reinterpret_cast(needle), + needle_length / 2, + offset / 2); + result *= 2; + } else { + result = SearchString( + reinterpret_cast(haystack), + haystack_length, + reinterpret_cast(needle), + needle_length, + offset); + } + + args.GetReturnValue().Set( + result == haystack_length ? -1 : static_cast(result)); +} void IndexOfNumber(const FunctionCallbackInfo& args) { ASSERT(args[1]->IsNumber()); @@ -882,16 +952,16 @@ void IndexOfNumber(const FunctionCallbackInfo& args) { SPREAD_ARG(args[0], ts_obj); uint32_t needle = args[1]->Uint32Value(); - int32_t offset_i32 = args[2]->Int32Value(); - uint32_t offset; + int64_t offset_i64 = args[2]->IntegerValue(); + size_t offset; - if (offset_i32 < 0) { - if (offset_i32 + static_cast(ts_obj_length) < 0) + if (offset_i64 < 0) { + if (offset_i64 + static_cast(ts_obj_length) < 0) offset = 0; else - offset = static_cast(ts_obj_length + offset_i32); + offset = static_cast(ts_obj_length + offset_i64); } else { - offset = static_cast(offset_i32); + offset = static_cast(offset_i64); } if (ts_obj_length == 0 || offset + 1 > ts_obj_length) @@ -899,8 +969,8 @@ void IndexOfNumber(const FunctionCallbackInfo& args) { void* ptr = memchr(ts_obj_data + offset, needle, ts_obj_length - offset); char* ptr_char = static_cast(ptr); - args.GetReturnValue().Set( - ptr ? static_cast(ptr_char - ts_obj_data) : -1); + args.GetReturnValue().Set(ptr ? static_cast(ptr_char - ts_obj_data) + : -1); } diff --git a/src/string_search.cc b/src/string_search.cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..530a0e5468 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/string_search.cc @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +#include "string_search.h" + +namespace node { +namespace stringsearch { + +int StringSearchBase::kBadCharShiftTable[kUC16AlphabetSize]; +int StringSearchBase::kGoodSuffixShiftTable[kBMMaxShift + 1]; +int StringSearchBase::kSuffixTable[kBMMaxShift + 1]; +} +} // namespace node::stringsearch diff --git a/src/string_search.h b/src/string_search.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a2790b2cc --- /dev/null +++ b/src/string_search.h @@ -0,0 +1,671 @@ +// Copyright 2011 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved. +// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be +// found in the LICENSE file. + +#ifndef SRC_STRING_SEARCH_H_ +#define SRC_STRING_SEARCH_H_ + +#include "node.h" +#include + +namespace node { +namespace stringsearch { + + +// Returns the maximum of the two parameters. +template +T Max(T a, T b) { + return a < b ? b : a; +} + + +static const uint32_t kMaxOneByteCharCodeU = 0xff; + + +static inline size_t NonOneByteStart(const uint16_t* chars, size_t length) { + const uint16_t* limit = chars + length; + const uint16_t* start = chars; + while (chars < limit) { + if (*chars > kMaxOneByteCharCodeU) + return static_cast(chars - start); + ++chars; + } + return static_cast(chars - start); +} + + +static inline bool IsOneByte(const uint16_t* chars, size_t length) { + return NonOneByteStart(chars, length) >= length; +} + + +template +class Vector { + public: + Vector(T* data, size_t length) : start_(data), length_(length) { + ASSERT(length > 0 && data != nullptr); + } + + // Returns the length of the vector. + size_t length() const { return length_; } + + T* start() const { return start_; } + + // Access individual vector elements - checks bounds in debug mode. + T& operator[](size_t index) const { + ASSERT(0 <= index && index < length_); + return start_[index]; + } + + const T& at(size_t index) const { return operator[](index); } + + bool operator==(const Vector& other) const { + if (length_ != other.length_) + return false; + if (start_ == other.start_) + return true; + for (size_t i = 0; i < length_; ++i) { + if (start_[i] != other.start_[i]) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + } + + private: + T* start_; + size_t length_; +}; + + +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- +// String Search object. +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +// Class holding constants and methods that apply to all string search variants, +// independently of subject and pattern char size. +class StringSearchBase { + protected: + // Cap on the maximal shift in the Boyer-Moore implementation. By setting a + // limit, we can fix the size of tables. For a needle longer than this limit, + // search will not be optimal, since we only build tables for a suffix + // of the string, but it is a safe approximation. + static const int kBMMaxShift = 250; + + // Reduce alphabet to this size. + // One of the tables used by Boyer-Moore and Boyer-Moore-Horspool has size + // proportional to the input alphabet. We reduce the alphabet size by + // equating input characters modulo a smaller alphabet size. This gives + // a potentially less efficient searching, but is a safe approximation. + // For needles using only characters in the same Unicode 256-code point page, + // there is no search speed degradation. + static const int kLatin1AlphabetSize = 256; + static const int kUC16AlphabetSize = 256; + + // Bad-char shift table stored in the state. It's length is the alphabet size. + // For patterns below this length, the skip length of Boyer-Moore is too short + // to compensate for the algorithmic overhead compared to simple brute force. + static const int kBMMinPatternLength = 8; + + // Store for the BoyerMoore(Horspool) bad char shift table. + static int kBadCharShiftTable[kUC16AlphabetSize]; + // Store for the BoyerMoore good suffix shift table. + static int kGoodSuffixShiftTable[kBMMaxShift + 1]; + // Table used temporarily while building the BoyerMoore good suffix + // shift table. + static int kSuffixTable[kBMMaxShift + 1]; + + static inline bool IsOneByteString(Vector string) { + return true; + } + + static inline bool IsOneByteString(Vector string) { + return IsOneByte(string.start(), string.length()); + } +}; + +template +class StringSearch : private StringSearchBase { + public: + explicit StringSearch(Vector pattern) + : pattern_(pattern), start_(0) { + if (pattern.length() >= kBMMaxShift) { + start_ = pattern.length() - kBMMaxShift; + } + + if (sizeof(PatternChar) > sizeof(SubjectChar)) { + if (!IsOneByteString(pattern_)) { + strategy_ = &FailSearch; + return; + } + } + size_t pattern_length = pattern_.length(); + CHECK_GT(pattern_length, 0); + if (pattern_length < kBMMinPatternLength) { + if (pattern_length == 1) { + strategy_ = &SingleCharSearch; + return; + } + strategy_ = &LinearSearch; + return; + } + strategy_ = &InitialSearch; + } + + size_t Search(Vector subject, size_t index) { + return strategy_(this, subject, index); + } + + static inline int AlphabetSize() { + if (sizeof(PatternChar) == 1) { + // Latin1 needle. + return kLatin1AlphabetSize; + } else { + // UC16 needle. + return kUC16AlphabetSize; + } + + static_assert(sizeof(PatternChar) == sizeof(uint8_t) || + sizeof(PatternChar) == sizeof(uint16_t), + "sizeof(PatternChar) == sizeof(uint16_t) || sizeof(uint8_t)"); + } + + private: + typedef size_t (*SearchFunction)( // NOLINT - it's not a cast! + StringSearch*, + Vector, + size_t); + + static size_t FailSearch(StringSearch*, + Vector subject, + size_t) { + return subject.length(); + } + + static size_t SingleCharSearch(StringSearch* search, + Vector subject, + size_t start_index); + + static size_t LinearSearch(StringSearch* search, + Vector subject, + size_t start_index); + + static size_t InitialSearch(StringSearch* search, + Vector subject, + size_t start_index); + + static size_t BoyerMooreHorspoolSearch( + StringSearch* search, + Vector subject, + size_t start_index); + + static size_t BoyerMooreSearch(StringSearch* search, + Vector subject, + size_t start_index); + + void PopulateBoyerMooreHorspoolTable(); + + void PopulateBoyerMooreTable(); + + static inline bool exceedsOneByte(uint8_t c) { return false; } + + static inline bool exceedsOneByte(uint16_t c) { + return c > kMaxOneByteCharCodeU; + } + + static inline int CharOccurrence(int* bad_char_occurrence, + SubjectChar char_code) { + if (sizeof(SubjectChar) == 1) { + return bad_char_occurrence[static_cast(char_code)]; + } + if (sizeof(PatternChar) == 1) { + if (exceedsOneByte(char_code)) { + return -1; + } + return bad_char_occurrence[static_cast(char_code)]; + } + // Both pattern and subject are UC16. Reduce character to equivalence class. + int equiv_class = char_code % kUC16AlphabetSize; + return bad_char_occurrence[equiv_class]; + } + + // Store for the BoyerMoore(Horspool) bad char shift table. + // Return a table covering the last kBMMaxShift+1 positions of + // pattern. + int* bad_char_table() { return kBadCharShiftTable; } + + // Store for the BoyerMoore good suffix shift table. + int* good_suffix_shift_table() { + // Return biased pointer that maps the range [start_..pattern_.length() + // to the kGoodSuffixShiftTable array. + return kGoodSuffixShiftTable - start_; + } + + // Table used temporarily while building the BoyerMoore good suffix + // shift table. + int* suffix_table() { + // Return biased pointer that maps the range [start_..pattern_.length() + // to the kSuffixTable array. + return kSuffixTable - start_; + } + + // The pattern to search for. + Vector pattern_; + // Pointer to implementation of the search. + SearchFunction strategy_; + // Cache value of Max(0, pattern_length() - kBMMaxShift) + size_t start_; +}; + + +template +inline T AlignDown(T value, U alignment) { + return reinterpret_cast( + (reinterpret_cast(value) & ~(alignment - 1))); +} + + +inline uint8_t GetHighestValueByte(uint16_t character) { + return Max(static_cast(character & 0xFF), + static_cast(character >> 8)); +} + + +inline uint8_t GetHighestValueByte(uint8_t character) { return character; } + + +template +inline size_t FindFirstCharacter(Vector pattern, + Vector subject, size_t index) { + const PatternChar pattern_first_char = pattern[0]; + const size_t max_n = (subject.length() - pattern.length() + 1); + + const uint8_t search_byte = GetHighestValueByte(pattern_first_char); + const SubjectChar search_char = static_cast(pattern_first_char); + size_t pos = index; + do { + const SubjectChar* char_pos = reinterpret_cast( + memchr(subject.start() + pos, search_byte, + (max_n - pos) * sizeof(SubjectChar))); + if (char_pos == nullptr) + return subject.length(); + char_pos = AlignDown(char_pos, sizeof(SubjectChar)); + pos = static_cast(char_pos - subject.start()); + if (subject[pos] == search_char) + return pos; + } while (++pos < max_n); + + return subject.length(); +} + + +template <> +inline size_t FindFirstCharacter(Vector pattern, + Vector subject, + size_t index) { + const uint8_t pattern_first_char = pattern[0]; + const size_t max_n = (subject.length() - pattern.length() + 1); + + const uint8_t* char_pos = reinterpret_cast( + memchr(subject.start() + index, pattern_first_char, max_n - index)); + if (char_pos == nullptr) + return subject.length(); + return static_cast(char_pos - subject.start()); +} + +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Single Character Pattern Search Strategy +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +template +size_t StringSearch::SingleCharSearch( + StringSearch* search, + Vector subject, + size_t index) { + CHECK_EQ(1, search->pattern_.length()); + PatternChar pattern_first_char = search->pattern_[0]; + + if (sizeof(SubjectChar) == 1 && sizeof(PatternChar) == 1) { + return FindFirstCharacter(search->pattern_, subject, index); + } else { + if (sizeof(PatternChar) > sizeof(SubjectChar)) { + if (exceedsOneByte(pattern_first_char)) { + return -1; + } + } + return FindFirstCharacter(search->pattern_, subject, index); + } +} + +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Linear Search Strategy +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +template +inline bool CharCompare(const PatternChar* pattern, + const SubjectChar* subject, + size_t length) { + ASSERT_GT(length, 0); + size_t pos = 0; + do { + if (pattern[pos] != subject[pos]) { + return false; + } + pos++; + } while (pos < length); + return true; +} + +// Simple linear search for short patterns. Never bails out. +template +size_t StringSearch::LinearSearch( + StringSearch* search, + Vector subject, + size_t index) { + Vector pattern = search->pattern_; + CHECK_GT(pattern.length(), 1); + const size_t pattern_length = pattern.length(); + size_t i = index; + const size_t n = subject.length() - pattern_length; + while (i <= n) { + i = FindFirstCharacter(pattern, subject, i); + if (i == subject.length()) + return subject.length(); + ASSERT_LE(i, n); + i++; + + // Loop extracted to separate function to allow using return to do + // a deeper break. + if (CharCompare(pattern.start() + 1, subject.start() + i, + pattern_length - 1)) { + return i - 1; + } + } + return subject.length(); +} + +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Boyer-Moore string search +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +template +size_t StringSearch::BoyerMooreSearch( + StringSearch* search, + Vector subject, + size_t start_index) { + Vector pattern = search->pattern_; + const size_t subject_length = subject.length(); + const size_t pattern_length = pattern.length(); + // Only preprocess at most kBMMaxShift last characters of pattern. + size_t start = search->start_; + + int* bad_char_occurence = search->bad_char_table(); + int* good_suffix_shift = search->good_suffix_shift_table(); + + PatternChar last_char = pattern[pattern_length - 1]; + size_t index = start_index; + // Continue search from i. + while (index <= subject_length - pattern_length) { + size_t j = pattern_length - 1; + int c; + while (last_char != (c = subject[index + j])) { + int shift = j - CharOccurrence(bad_char_occurence, c); + index += shift; + if (index > subject_length - pattern_length) { + return subject.length(); + } + } + while (j >= 0 && pattern[j] == (c = subject[index + j])) { + if (j == 0) { + return index; + } + j--; + } + if (j < start) { + // we have matched more than our tables allow us to be smart about. + // Fall back on BMH shift. + index += pattern_length - 1 - + CharOccurrence(bad_char_occurence, + static_cast(last_char)); + } else { + int gs_shift = good_suffix_shift[j + 1]; + int bc_occ = CharOccurrence(bad_char_occurence, c); + int shift = j - bc_occ; + if (gs_shift > shift) { + shift = gs_shift; + } + index += shift; + } + } + + return subject.length(); +} + +template +void StringSearch::PopulateBoyerMooreTable() { + const size_t pattern_length = pattern_.length(); + const PatternChar* pattern = pattern_.start(); + // Only look at the last kBMMaxShift characters of pattern (from start_ + // to pattern_length). + const size_t start = start_; + const size_t length = pattern_length - start; + + // Biased tables so that we can use pattern indices as table indices, + // even if we only cover the part of the pattern from offset start. + int* shift_table = good_suffix_shift_table(); + int* suffix_table = this->suffix_table(); + + // Initialize table. + for (size_t i = start; i < pattern_length; i++) { + shift_table[i] = length; + } + shift_table[pattern_length] = 1; + suffix_table[pattern_length] = pattern_length + 1; + + if (pattern_length <= start) { + return; + } + + // Find suffixes. + PatternChar last_char = pattern[pattern_length - 1]; + size_t suffix = pattern_length + 1; + { + size_t i = pattern_length; + while (i > start) { + PatternChar c = pattern[i - 1]; + while (suffix <= pattern_length && c != pattern[suffix - 1]) { + if (static_cast(shift_table[suffix]) == length) { + shift_table[suffix] = suffix - i; + } + suffix = suffix_table[suffix]; + } + suffix_table[--i] = --suffix; + if (suffix == pattern_length) { + // No suffix to extend, so we check against last_char only. + while ((i > start) && (pattern[i - 1] != last_char)) { + if (static_cast(shift_table[pattern_length]) == length) { + shift_table[pattern_length] = pattern_length - i; + } + suffix_table[--i] = pattern_length; + } + if (i > start) { + suffix_table[--i] = --suffix; + } + } + } + } + // Build shift table using suffixes. + if (suffix < pattern_length) { + for (size_t i = start; i <= pattern_length; i++) { + if (static_cast(shift_table[i]) == length) { + shift_table[i] = suffix - start; + } + if (i == suffix) { + suffix = suffix_table[suffix]; + } + } + } +} + +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Boyer-Moore-Horspool string search. +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +template +size_t StringSearch::BoyerMooreHorspoolSearch( + StringSearch* search, + Vector subject, + size_t start_index) { + Vector pattern = search->pattern_; + const size_t subject_length = subject.length(); + const size_t pattern_length = pattern.length(); + int* char_occurrences = search->bad_char_table(); + int64_t badness = -pattern_length; + + // How bad we are doing without a good-suffix table. + PatternChar last_char = pattern[pattern_length - 1]; + int last_char_shift = + pattern_length - 1 - + CharOccurrence(char_occurrences, static_cast(last_char)); + + // Perform search + size_t index = start_index; // No matches found prior to this index. + while (index <= subject_length - pattern_length) { + size_t j = pattern_length - 1; + int subject_char; + while (last_char != (subject_char = subject[index + j])) { + int bc_occ = CharOccurrence(char_occurrences, subject_char); + int shift = j - bc_occ; + index += shift; + badness += 1 - shift; // at most zero, so badness cannot increase. + if (index > subject_length - pattern_length) { + return subject_length; + } + } + j--; + while (j >= 0 && pattern[j] == (subject[index + j])) { + if (j == 0) { + return index; + } + j--; + } + index += last_char_shift; + // Badness increases by the number of characters we have + // checked, and decreases by the number of characters we + // can skip by shifting. It's a measure of how we are doing + // compared to reading each character exactly once. + badness += (pattern_length - j) - last_char_shift; + if (badness > 0) { + search->PopulateBoyerMooreTable(); + search->strategy_ = &BoyerMooreSearch; + return BoyerMooreSearch(search, subject, index); + } + } + return subject.length(); +} + +template +void StringSearch::PopulateBoyerMooreHorspoolTable() { + const size_t pattern_length = pattern_.length(); + + int* bad_char_occurrence = bad_char_table(); + + // Only preprocess at most kBMMaxShift last characters of pattern. + const size_t start = start_; + // Run forwards to populate bad_char_table, so that *last* instance + // of character equivalence class is the one registered. + // Notice: Doesn't include the last character. + const size_t table_size = AlphabetSize(); + if (start == 0) { + // All patterns less than kBMMaxShift in length. + memset(bad_char_occurrence, -1, table_size * sizeof(*bad_char_occurrence)); + } else { + for (size_t i = 0; i < table_size; i++) { + bad_char_occurrence[i] = start - 1; + } + } + for (size_t i = start; i < pattern_length - 1; i++) { + PatternChar c = pattern_[i]; + int bucket = (sizeof(PatternChar) == 1) ? c : c % AlphabetSize(); + bad_char_occurrence[bucket] = i; + } +} + +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Linear string search with bailout to BMH. +//--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +// Simple linear search for short patterns, which bails out if the string +// isn't found very early in the subject. Upgrades to BoyerMooreHorspool. +template +size_t StringSearch::InitialSearch( + StringSearch* search, + Vector subject, + size_t index) { + Vector pattern = search->pattern_; + const size_t pattern_length = pattern.length(); + // Badness is a count of how much work we have done. When we have + // done enough work we decide it's probably worth switching to a better + // algorithm. + int64_t badness = -10 - (pattern_length << 2); + + // We know our pattern is at least 2 characters, we cache the first so + // the common case of the first character not matching is faster. + for (size_t i = index, n = subject.length() - pattern_length; i <= n; i++) { + badness++; + if (badness <= 0) { + i = FindFirstCharacter(pattern, subject, i); + if (i == subject.length()) + return subject.length(); + ASSERT_LE(i, n); + size_t j = 1; + do { + if (pattern[j] != subject[i + j]) { + break; + } + j++; + } while (j < pattern_length); + if (j == pattern_length) { + return i; + } + badness += j; + } else { + search->PopulateBoyerMooreHorspoolTable(); + search->strategy_ = &BoyerMooreHorspoolSearch; + return BoyerMooreHorspoolSearch(search, subject, i); + } + } + return subject.length(); +} + +// Perform a a single stand-alone search. +// If searching multiple times for the same pattern, a search +// object should be constructed once and the Search function then called +// for each search. +template +size_t SearchString(Vector subject, + Vector pattern, + size_t start_index) { + StringSearch search(pattern); + return search.Search(subject, start_index); +} +} +} // namespace node::stringsearch + +namespace node { +using node::stringsearch::Vector; + +template +size_t SearchString(const SubjectChar* haystack, + size_t haystack_length, + const PatternChar* needle, + size_t needle_length, + size_t start_index) { + return node::stringsearch::SearchString( + Vector(haystack, haystack_length), + Vector(needle, needle_length), + start_index); +} +} // namespace node + +#endif // SRC_STRING_SEARCH_H_ diff --git a/test/parallel/test-buffer-indexof.js b/test/parallel/test-buffer-indexof.js index 7ffbae525f..d358749f8e 100644 --- a/test/parallel/test-buffer-indexof.js +++ b/test/parallel/test-buffer-indexof.js @@ -65,6 +65,193 @@ assert.equal(b.indexOf(0x61, -Infinity), 0); assert.equal(b.indexOf(0x61, Infinity), -1); assert.equal(b.indexOf(0x0), -1); +// test offsets +assert.equal(b.indexOf('d', 2), 3); +assert.equal(b.indexOf('f', 5), 5); +assert.equal(b.indexOf('f', -1), 5); +assert.equal(b.indexOf('f', 6), -1); + +assert.equal(b.indexOf(Buffer('d'), 2), 3); +assert.equal(b.indexOf(Buffer('f'), 5), 5); +assert.equal(b.indexOf(Buffer('f'), -1), 5); +assert.equal(b.indexOf(Buffer('f'), 6), -1); + +assert.equal(Buffer('ff').indexOf(Buffer('f'), 1, 'ucs2'), -1); + +// test hex encoding +assert.equal( + Buffer(b.toString('hex'), 'hex') + .indexOf('64', 0, 'hex'), 3); +assert.equal( + Buffer(b.toString('hex'), 'hex') + .indexOf(Buffer('64', 'hex'), 0, 'hex'), 3); + +// test base64 encoding +assert.equal( + Buffer(b.toString('base64'), 'base64') + .indexOf('ZA==', 0, 'base64'), 3); +assert.equal( + Buffer(b.toString('base64'), 'base64') + .indexOf(Buffer('ZA==', 'base64'), 0, 'base64'), 3); + +// test ascii encoding +assert.equal( + Buffer(b.toString('ascii'), 'ascii') + .indexOf('d', 0, 'ascii'), 3); +assert.equal( + Buffer(b.toString('ascii'), 'ascii') + .indexOf(Buffer('d', 'ascii'), 0, 'ascii'), 3); + +// test binary encoding +assert.equal( + Buffer(b.toString('binary'), 'binary') + .indexOf('d', 0, 'binary'), 3); +assert.equal( + Buffer(b.toString('binary'), 'binary') + .indexOf(Buffer('d', 'binary'), 0, 'binary'), 3); + + +// test usc2 encoding +var twoByteString = new Buffer('\u039a\u0391\u03a3\u03a3\u0395', 'ucs2'); + +assert.equal(8, twoByteString.indexOf('\u0395', 4, 'ucs2')); +assert.equal(6, twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3', -4, 'ucs2')); +assert.equal(4, twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3', -6, 'ucs2')); +assert.equal(4, twoByteString.indexOf( + new Buffer('\u03a3', 'ucs2'), -6, 'ucs2')); +assert.equal(-1, twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3', -2, 'ucs2')); + +var mixedByteStringUcs2 = + new Buffer('\u039a\u0391abc\u03a3\u03a3\u0395', 'ucs2'); +assert.equal(6, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf('bc', 0, 'ucs2')); +assert.equal(10, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf('\u03a3', 0, 'ucs2')); +assert.equal(-1, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf('\u0396', 0, 'ucs2')); + +assert.equal( + 6, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf(new Buffer('bc', 'ucs2'), 0, 'ucs2')); +assert.equal( + 10, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf(new Buffer('\u03a3', 'ucs2'), 0, 'ucs2')); +assert.equal( + -1, mixedByteStringUcs2.indexOf(new Buffer('\u0396', 'ucs2'), 0, 'ucs2')); + +var twoByteString = new Buffer('\u039a\u0391\u03a3\u03a3\u0395', 'ucs2'); + +// Test single char pattern +assert.equal(0, twoByteString.indexOf('\u039a', 0, 'ucs2')); +assert.equal(2, twoByteString.indexOf('\u0391', 0, 'ucs2'), 'Alpha'); +assert.equal(4, twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3', 0, 'ucs2'), 'First Sigma'); +assert.equal(6, twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3', 6, 'ucs2'), 'Second Sigma'); +assert.equal(8, twoByteString.indexOf('\u0395', 0, 'ucs2'), 'Epsilon'); +assert.equal(-1, twoByteString.indexOf('\u0392', 0, 'ucs2'), 'Not beta'); + +// Test multi-char pattern +assert.equal( + 0, twoByteString.indexOf('\u039a\u0391', 0, 'ucs2'), 'Lambda Alpha'); +assert.equal( + 2, twoByteString.indexOf('\u0391\u03a3', 0, 'ucs2'), 'Alpha Sigma'); +assert.equal( + 4, twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3\u03a3', 0, 'ucs2'), 'Sigma Sigma'); +assert.equal( + 6, twoByteString.indexOf('\u03a3\u0395', 0, 'ucs2'), 'Sigma Epsilon'); + +var mixedByteStringUtf8 = new Buffer('\u039a\u0391abc\u03a3\u03a3\u0395'); +assert.equal(5, mixedByteStringUtf8.indexOf('bc')); +assert.equal(5, mixedByteStringUtf8.indexOf('bc', 5)); +assert.equal(5, mixedByteStringUtf8.indexOf('bc', -8)); +assert.equal(7, mixedByteStringUtf8.indexOf('\u03a3')); +assert.equal(-1, mixedByteStringUtf8.indexOf('\u0396')); + + +// Test complex string indexOf algorithms. Only trigger for long strings. +// Long string that isn't a simple repeat of a shorter string. +var longString = 'A'; +for (var i = 66; i < 76; i++) { // from 'B' to 'K' + longString = longString + String.fromCharCode(i) + longString; +} + +var longBufferString = new Buffer(longString); + +// pattern of 15 chars, repeated every 16 chars in long +var pattern = 'ABACABADABACABA'; +for (var i = 0; i < longBufferString.length - pattern.length; i += 7) { + var index = longBufferString.indexOf(pattern, i); + assert.equal((i + 15) & ~0xf, index, 'Long ABACABA...-string at index ' + i); +} +assert.equal(510, longBufferString.indexOf('AJABACA'), 'Long AJABACA, First J'); +assert.equal( + 1534, longBufferString.indexOf('AJABACA', 511), 'Long AJABACA, Second J'); + +pattern = 'JABACABADABACABA'; +assert.equal( + 511, longBufferString.indexOf(pattern), 'Long JABACABA..., First J'); +assert.equal( + 1535, longBufferString.indexOf(pattern, 512), 'Long JABACABA..., Second J'); + +// Search for a non-ASCII string in a pure ASCII string. +var asciiString = new Buffer( + 'arglebargleglopglyfarglebargleglopglyfarglebargleglopglyf'); +assert.equal(-1, asciiString.indexOf('\x2061')); +assert.equal(3, asciiString.indexOf('leb', 0)); + +// Search in string containing many non-ASCII chars. +var allCodePoints = []; +for (var i = 0; i < 65536; i++) allCodePoints[i] = i; +var allCharsString = String.fromCharCode.apply(String, allCodePoints); +var allCharsBufferUtf8 = new Buffer(allCharsString); +var allCharsBufferUcs2 = new Buffer(allCharsString, 'ucs2'); + +// Search for string long enough to trigger complex search with ASCII pattern +// and UC16 subject. +assert.equal(-1, allCharsBufferUtf8.indexOf('notfound')); +assert.equal(-1, allCharsBufferUcs2.indexOf('notfound')); + +// Find substrings in Utf8. +var lengths = [1, 3, 15]; // Single char, simple and complex. +var indices = [0x5, 0x60, 0x400, 0x680, 0x7ee, 0xFF02, 0x16610, 0x2f77b]; +for (var lengthIndex = 0; lengthIndex < lengths.length; lengthIndex++) { + for (var i = 0; i < indices.length; i++) { + var index = indices[i]; + var length = lengths[lengthIndex]; + + if (index + length > 0x7F) { + length = 2 * length; + } + + if (index + length > 0x7FF) { + length = 3 * length; + } + + if (index + length > 0xFFFF) { + length = 4 * length; + } + + var patternBufferUtf8 = allCharsBufferUtf8.slice(index, index + length); + assert.equal(index, allCharsBufferUtf8.indexOf(patternBufferUtf8)); + + var patternStringUtf8 = patternBufferUtf8.toString(); + assert.equal(index, allCharsBufferUtf8.indexOf(patternStringUtf8)); + } +} + +// Find substrings in Usc2. +var lengths = [2, 4, 16]; // Single char, simple and complex. +var indices = [0x5, 0x65, 0x105, 0x205, 0x285, 0x2005, 0x2085, 0xfff0]; +for (var lengthIndex = 0; lengthIndex < lengths.length; lengthIndex++) { + for (var i = 0; i < indices.length; i++) { + var index = indices[i] * 2; + var length = lengths[lengthIndex]; + + var patternBufferUcs2 = + allCharsBufferUcs2.slice(index, index + length); + assert.equal( + index, allCharsBufferUcs2.indexOf(patternBufferUcs2, 0, 'ucs2')); + + var patternStringUcs2 = patternBufferUcs2.toString('ucs2'); + assert.equal( + index, allCharsBufferUcs2.indexOf(patternStringUcs2, 0, 'ucs2')); + } +} + assert.throws(function() { b.indexOf(function() { }); });