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@ -6,15 +6,14 @@ node(1) -- evented I/O for V8 JavaScript |
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An example of a web server written with Node which responds with 'Hello |
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World': |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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http = require('http'); |
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var http = require('http'); |
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http.createServer(function (request, response) { |
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response.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}); |
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response.end('Hello World\n'); |
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}).listen(8124); |
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sys.puts('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8124/'); |
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console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8124/'); |
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To run the server, put the code into a file called `example.js` and execute |
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it with the node program |
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@ -85,13 +84,12 @@ of `'utf8'` encoding, the method will not write partial characters. |
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Example: write a utf8 string into a buffer, then print it |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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buf = new Buffer(256), |
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len; |
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len = buf.write('\u00bd + \u00bc = \u00be', 'utf8', 0); |
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sys.puts(len + " bytes: " + buf.toString('utf8', 0, len)); |
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console.log(len + " bytes: " + buf.toString('utf8', 0, len)); |
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// 12 bytes: ½ + ¼ = ¾ |
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@ -111,8 +109,7 @@ so the legal range is between `0x00` and `0xFF` hex or `0` and `255`. |
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Example: copy an ASCII string into a buffer, one byte at a time: |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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str = "node.js", |
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buf = new Buffer(str.length), |
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i; |
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@ -121,7 +118,7 @@ Example: copy an ASCII string into a buffer, one byte at a time: |
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buf[i] = str.charCodeAt(i); |
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} |
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sys.puts(buf); |
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console.log(buf); |
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// node.js |
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@ -134,11 +131,10 @@ string. |
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Example: |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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str = '\u00bd + \u00bc = \u00be'; |
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sys.puts(str + ": " + str.length + " characters, " + |
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console.log(str + ": " + str.length + " characters, " + |
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Buffer.byteLength(str, 'utf8') + " bytes"); |
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// ½ + ¼ = ¾: 9 characters, 12 bytes |
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@ -150,13 +146,12 @@ The size of the buffer in bytes. Note that this is not necessarily the size |
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of the contents. `length` refers to the amount of memory allocated for the |
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buffer object. It does not change when the contents of the buffer are changed. |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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buf = new Buffer(1234); |
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sys.puts(buf.length); |
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console.log(buf.length); |
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buf.write("some string", "ascii", 0); |
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sys.puts(buf.length); |
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console.log(buf.length); |
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// 1234 |
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// 1234 |
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@ -168,8 +163,7 @@ Does a memcpy() between buffers. |
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Example: build two Buffers, then copy `buf1` from byte 16 through byte 20 |
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into `buf2`, starting at the 8th byte in `buf2`. |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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buf1 = new Buffer(26), |
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buf2 = new Buffer(26), |
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i; |
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@ -180,7 +174,7 @@ into `buf2`, starting at the 8th byte in `buf2`. |
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} |
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buf1.copy(buf2, 8, 16, 20); |
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sys.puts(buf2.toString('ascii', 0, 25)); |
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console.log(buf2.toString('ascii', 0, 25)); |
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// !!!!!!!!qrst!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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@ -196,8 +190,7 @@ indexes. |
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Example: build a Buffer with the ASCII alphabet, take a slice, then modify one byte |
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from the original Buffer. |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer, |
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buf1 = new Buffer(26), buf2, |
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i; |
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@ -206,9 +199,9 @@ from the original Buffer. |
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} |
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buf2 = buf1.slice(0, 3); |
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sys.puts(buf2.toString('ascii', 0, buf2.length)); |
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console.log(buf2.toString('ascii', 0, buf2.length)); |
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buf1[0] = 33; |
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sys.puts(buf2.toString('ascii', 0, buf2.length)); |
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console.log(buf2.toString('ascii', 0, buf2.length)); |
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// abc |
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// !bc |
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@ -254,7 +247,7 @@ terminate execution and display the exception's stack trace. |
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Adds a listener to the end of the listeners array for the specified event. |
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server.addListener('stream', function (stream) { |
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sys.puts('someone connected!'); |
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console.log('someone connected!'); |
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}); |
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@ -415,10 +408,8 @@ An array of search paths for `require()`. This array can be modified to add cus |
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Example: add a new path to the beginning of the search list |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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require.paths.unshift('/usr/local/node'); |
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sys.puts(require.paths); |
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console.log(require.paths); |
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// /usr/local/node,/Users/mjr/.node_libraries |
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@ -433,9 +424,8 @@ The dirname of the script being executed. |
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Example: running `node example.js` from `/Users/mjr` |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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sys.puts(__filename); |
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sys.puts(__dirname); |
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console.log(__filename); |
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console.log(__dirname); |
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// /Users/mjr/example.js |
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// /Users/mjr |
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@ -464,13 +454,11 @@ timers may not be scheduled. |
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Example of listening for `exit`: |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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process.addListener('exit', function () { |
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process.nextTick(function () { |
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sys.puts('This will not run'); |
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console.log('This will not run'); |
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}); |
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sys.puts('About to exit.'); |
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console.log('About to exit.'); |
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}); |
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### Event: 'uncaughtException' |
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@ -483,19 +471,17 @@ a stack trace and exit) will not occur. |
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Example of listening for `uncaughtException`: |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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process.addListener('uncaughtException', function (err) { |
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sys.puts('Caught exception: ' + err); |
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console.log('Caught exception: ' + err); |
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}); |
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setTimeout(function () { |
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sys.puts('This will still run.'); |
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console.log('This will still run.'); |
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}, 500); |
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// Intentionally cause an exception, but don't catch it. |
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nonexistentFunc(); |
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sys.puts('This will not run.'); |
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console.log('This will not run.'); |
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Note that `uncaughtException` is a very crude mechanism for exception |
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handling. Using try / catch in your program will give you more control over |
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@ -512,11 +498,10 @@ standard POSIX signal names such as SIGINT, SIGUSR1, etc. |
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Example of listening for `SIGINT`: |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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stdin = process.openStdin(); |
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var stdin = process.openStdin(); |
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process.addListener('SIGINT', function () { |
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sys.puts('Got SIGINT. Press Control-D to exit.'); |
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console.log('Got SIGINT. Press Control-D to exit.'); |
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}); |
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An easy way to send the `SIGINT` signal is with `Control-C` in most terminal |
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@ -527,9 +512,9 @@ programs. |
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A writable stream to `stdout`. |
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Example: the definition of `sys.puts` |
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Example: the definition of `console.log` |
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exports.puts = function (d) { |
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console.log = function (d) { |
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process.stdout.write(d + '\n'); |
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}; |
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@ -560,10 +545,8 @@ An array containing the command line arguments. The first element will be |
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next elements will be any additional command line arguments. |
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// print process.argv |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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process.argv.forEach(function (val, index, array) { |
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sys.puts(index + ': ' + val); |
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console.log(index + ': ' + val); |
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}); |
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This will generate: |
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@ -585,15 +568,13 @@ This is the absolute pathname of the executable that started the process. |
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Changes the current working directory of the process or throws an exception if that fails. |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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sys.puts('Starting directory: ' + process.cwd()); |
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console.log('Starting directory: ' + process.cwd()); |
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try { |
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process.chdir('/tmp'); |
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sys.puts('New directory: ' + process.cwd()); |
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console.log('New directory: ' + process.cwd()); |
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} |
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catch (err) { |
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sys.puts('chdir: ' + err); |
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console.log('chdir: ' + err); |
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} |
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@ -605,14 +586,13 @@ will be used as a filename if a stack trace is generated by the compiled code. |
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Example of using `process.compile` and `eval` to run the same code: |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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localVar = 123, |
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var localVar = 123, |
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compiled, evaled; |
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compiled = process.compile('localVar = 1;', 'myfile.js'); |
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sys.puts('localVar: ' + localVar + ', compiled: ' + compiled); |
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console.log('localVar: ' + localVar + ', compiled: ' + compiled); |
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evaled = eval('localVar = 1;'); |
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sys.puts('localVar: ' + localVar + ', evaled: ' + evaled); |
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console.log('localVar: ' + localVar + ', evaled: ' + evaled); |
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// localVar: 123, compiled: 1 |
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// localVar: 1, evaled: 1 |
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@ -629,7 +609,7 @@ See also: `Script` |
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Returns the current working directory of the process. |
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require('sys').puts('Current directory: ' + process.cwd()); |
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console.log('Current directory: ' + process.cwd()); |
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### process.env |
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@ -653,15 +633,13 @@ The shell that executed node should see the exit code as 1. |
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Gets/sets the group identity of the process. (See setgid(2).) This is the numerical group id, not the group name. |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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sys.puts('Current gid: ' + process.getgid()); |
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console.log('Current gid: ' + process.getgid()); |
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try { |
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process.setgid(501); |
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sys.puts('New gid: ' + process.getgid()); |
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console.log('New gid: ' + process.getgid()); |
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} |
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catch (err) { |
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sys.puts('Failed to set gid: ' + err); |
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console.log('Failed to set gid: ' + err); |
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} |
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@ -669,15 +647,13 @@ Gets/sets the group identity of the process. (See setgid(2).) This is the numer |
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Gets/sets the user identity of the process. (See setuid(2).) This is the numerical userid, not the username. |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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sys.puts('Current uid: ' + process.getuid()); |
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console.log('Current uid: ' + process.getuid()); |
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try { |
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process.setuid(501); |
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sys.puts('New uid: ' + process.getuid()); |
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console.log('New uid: ' + process.getuid()); |
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} |
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catch (err) { |
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sys.puts('Failed to set uid: ' + err); |
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console.log('Failed to set uid: ' + err); |
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} |
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@ -685,13 +661,13 @@ Gets/sets the user identity of the process. (See setuid(2).) This is the numeri |
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A compiled-in property that exposes `NODE_VERSION`. |
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require('sys').puts('Version: ' + process.version); |
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console.log('Version: ' + process.version); |
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### process.installPrefix |
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A compiled-in property that exposes `NODE_PREFIX`. |
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require('sys').puts('Prefix: ' + process.installPrefix); |
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console.log('Prefix: ' + process.installPrefix); |
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### process.kill(pid, signal) |
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@ -707,14 +683,12 @@ may do something other than kill the target process. |
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Example of sending a signal to yourself: |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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process.addListener('SIGHUP', function () { |
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sys.puts('Got SIGHUP signal.'); |
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console.log('Got SIGHUP signal.'); |
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}); |
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setTimeout(function () { |
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sys.puts('Exiting.'); |
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console.log('Exiting.'); |
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process.exit(0); |
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}, 100); |
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@ -725,14 +699,14 @@ Example of sending a signal to yourself: |
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The PID of the process. |
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require('sys').puts('This process is pid ' + process.pid); |
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console.log('This process is pid ' + process.pid); |
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### process.platform |
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What platform you're running on. `'linux2'`, `'darwin'`, etc. |
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require('sys').puts('This platform is ' + process.platform); |
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console.log('This platform is ' + process.platform); |
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### process.memoryUsage() |
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@ -741,7 +715,7 @@ Returns an object describing the memory usage of the Node process. |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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sys.puts(sys.inspect(process.memoryUsage())); |
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console.log(sys.inspect(process.memoryUsage())); |
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This will generate: |
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@ -760,10 +734,8 @@ On the next loop around the event loop call this callback. |
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This is *not* a simple alias to `setTimeout(fn, 0)`, it's much more |
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efficient. |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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process.nextTick(function () { |
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sys.puts('nextTick callback'); |
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console.log('nextTick callback'); |
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}); |
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@ -773,12 +745,11 @@ Sets or read the process's file mode creation mask. Child processes inherit |
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the mask from the parent process. Returns the old mask if `mask` argument is |
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given, otherwise returns the current mask. |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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oldmask, newmask = 0644; |
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var oldmask, newmask = 0644; |
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oldmask = process.umask(newmask); |
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sys.puts('Changed umask from: ' + oldmask.toString(8) + |
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' to ' + newmask.toString(8)); |
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console.log('Changed umask from: ' + oldmask.toString(8) + |
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' to ' + newmask.toString(8)); |
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@ -788,16 +759,9 @@ These functions are in the module `'sys'`. Use `require('sys')` to access |
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them. |
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### sys.puts(string) |
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Outputs `string` and a trailing newline to `stdout`. |
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require('sys').puts('String with a newline'); |
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### sys.print(string) |
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Like `puts()` but without the trailing newline. |
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Like `console.log()` but without the trailing newline. |
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require('sys').print('String with no newline'); |
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@ -834,7 +798,7 @@ Example of inspecting all properties of the `sys` object: |
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var sys = require('sys'); |
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sys.puts(sys.inspect(sys, true, null)); |
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console.log(sys.inspect(sys, true, null)); |
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### sys.pump(readableStream, writeableStream, [callback]) |
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@ -920,19 +884,18 @@ Example of running `ls -lh /usr`, capturing `stdout`, `stderr`, and the exit cod |
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}); |
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ls.addListener('exit', function (code) { |
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sys.puts('child process exited with code ' + code); |
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console.log('child process exited with code ' + code); |
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}); |
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Example of checking for failed exec: |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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spawn = require('child_process').spawn, |
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var spawn = require('child_process').spawn, |
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child = spawn('bad_command'); |
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child.stderr.addListener('data', function (data) { |
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if (/^execvp\(\)/.test(data.asciiSlice(0,data.length))) { |
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sys.puts('Failed to start child process.'); |
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console.log('Failed to start child process.'); |
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} |
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}); |
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@ -945,12 +908,11 @@ See also: `child_process.exec()` |
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Send a signal to the child process. If no argument is given, the process will |
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be sent `'SIGTERM'`. See `signal(7)` for a list of available signals. |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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spawn = require('child_process').spawn, |
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var spawn = require('child_process').spawn, |
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grep = spawn('grep', ['ssh']); |
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grep.addListener('exit', function (code, signal) { |
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sys.puts('child process terminated due to receipt of signal '+signal); |
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console.log('child process terminated due to receipt of signal '+signal); |
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}); |
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// send SIGHUP to process |
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@ -968,11 +930,10 @@ The PID of the child process. |
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Example: |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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spawn = require('child_process').spawn, |
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var spawn = require('child_process').spawn, |
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grep = spawn('grep', ['ssh']); |
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sys.puts('Spawned child pid: ' + grep.pid); |
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console.log('Spawned child pid: ' + grep.pid); |
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grep.stdin.end(); |
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@ -999,7 +960,7 @@ Example: A very elaborate way to run 'ps ax | grep ssh' |
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ps.addListener('exit', function (code) { |
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if (code !== 0) { |
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sys.puts('ps process exited with code ' + code); |
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console.log('ps process exited with code ' + code); |
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} |
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grep.stdin.end(); |
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}); |
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@ -1014,7 +975,7 @@ Example: A very elaborate way to run 'ps ax | grep ssh' |
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grep.addListener('exit', function (code) { |
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if (code !== 0) { |
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sys.puts('grep process exited with code ' + code); |
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console.log('grep process exited with code ' + code); |
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} |
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}); |
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@ -1025,12 +986,11 @@ Closes the child process's `stdin` stream. This often causes the child process |
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Example: |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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spawn = require('child_process').spawn, |
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var spawn = require('child_process').spawn, |
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grep = spawn('grep', ['ssh']); |
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grep.addListener('exit', function (code) { |
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sys.puts('child process exited with code ' + code); |
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console.log('child process exited with code ' + code); |
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}); |
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grep.stdin.end(); |
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@ -1050,7 +1010,7 @@ output, and return it all in a callback. |
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sys.print('stdout: ' + stdout); |
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sys.print('stderr: ' + stderr); |
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if (error !== null) { |
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sys.puts('exec error: ' + error); |
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console.log('exec error: ' + error); |
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} |
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}); |
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@ -1091,17 +1051,16 @@ runs it and returns the result. Running code does not have access to local scope |
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Example of using `Script.runInThisContext` and `eval` to run the same code: |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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localVar = 123, |
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var localVar = 123, |
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usingscript, evaled, |
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Script = process.binding('evals').Script; |
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usingscript = Script.runInThisContext('localVar = 1;', |
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'myfile.js'); |
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sys.puts('localVar: ' + localVar + ', usingscript: ' + |
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console.log('localVar: ' + localVar + ', usingscript: ' + |
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usingscript); |
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evaled = eval('localVar = 1;'); |
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sys.puts('localVar: ' + localVar + ', evaled: ' + |
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console.log('localVar: ' + localVar + ', evaled: ' + |
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evaled); |
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// localVar: 123, usingscript: 1 |
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@ -1133,7 +1092,7 @@ These globals are contained in the sandbox. |
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Script.runInNewContext( |
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'count += 1; name = "kitty"', sandbox, 'myfile.js'); |
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sys.puts(sys.inspect(sandbox)); |
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console.log(sys.inspect(sandbox)); |
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// { animal: 'cat', count: 3, name: 'kitty' } |
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@ -1166,8 +1125,7 @@ Running code does not have access to local scope, but does have access to the `g |
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Example of using `script.runInThisContext` to compile code once and run it multiple times: |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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Script = process.binding('evals').Script, |
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var Script = process.binding('evals').Script, |
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scriptObj, i; |
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globalVar = 0; |
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@ -1178,7 +1136,7 @@ Example of using `script.runInThisContext` to compile code once and run it multi |
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scriptObj.runInThisContext(); |
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} |
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sys.puts(globalVar); |
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console.log(globalVar); |
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// 1000 |
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@ -1207,7 +1165,7 @@ These globals are contained in the sandbox. |
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scriptObj.runInNewContext(sandbox); |
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} |
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sys.puts(sys.inspect(sandbox)); |
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console.log(sys.inspect(sandbox)); |
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// { animal: 'cat', count: 12, name: 'kitty' } |
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@ -1229,32 +1187,30 @@ completed successfully, then the first argument will be `null` or `undefined`. |
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Here is an example of the asynchronous version: |
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var fs = require('fs'), |
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sys = require('sys'); |
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var fs = require('fs'); |
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fs.unlink('/tmp/hello', function (err) { |
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if (err) throw err; |
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sys.puts('successfully deleted /tmp/hello'); |
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console.log('successfully deleted /tmp/hello'); |
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}); |
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Here is the synchronous version: |
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var fs = require('fs'), |
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sys = require('sys'); |
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var fs = require('fs'); |
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fs.unlinkSync('/tmp/hello') |
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sys.puts('successfully deleted /tmp/hello'); |
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console.log('successfully deleted /tmp/hello'); |
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With the asynchronous methods there is no guaranteed ordering. So the |
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following is prone to error: |
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fs.rename('/tmp/hello', '/tmp/world', function (err) { |
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if (err) throw err; |
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sys.puts('renamed complete'); |
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console.log('renamed complete'); |
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}); |
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fs.stat('/tmp/world', function (err, stats) { |
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if (err) throw err; |
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sys.puts('stats: ' + JSON.stringify(stats)); |
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console.log('stats: ' + JSON.stringify(stats)); |
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}); |
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It could be that `fs.stat` is executed before `fs.rename`. |
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@ -1264,7 +1220,7 @@ The correct way to do this is to chain the callbacks. |
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if (err) throw err; |
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fs.stat('/tmp/world', function (err, stats) { |
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if (err) throw err; |
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sys.puts('stats: ' + JSON.stringify(stats)); |
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console.log('stats: ' + JSON.stringify(stats)); |
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}); |
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}); |
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@ -1448,7 +1404,7 @@ Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file. Example: |
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fs.readFile('/etc/passwd', function (err, data) { |
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if (err) throw err; |
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sys.puts(data); |
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console.log(data); |
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}); |
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The callback is passed two arguments `(err, data)`, where `data` is the |
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@ -1471,7 +1427,7 @@ Asynchronously writes data to a file. Example: |
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fs.writeFile('message.txt', 'Hello Node', function (err) { |
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if (err) throw err; |
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sys.puts('It\'s saved!'); |
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console.log('It\'s saved!'); |
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}); |
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### fs.writeFileSync(filename, data, encoding='utf8') |
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@ -1491,8 +1447,8 @@ The `listener` gets two arguments the current stat object and the previous |
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stat object: |
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fs.watchFile(f, function (curr, prev) { |
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sys.puts('the current mtime is: ' + curr.mtime); |
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sys.puts('the previous mtime was: ' + prev.mtime); |
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console.log('the current mtime is: ' + curr.mtime); |
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console.log('the previous mtime was: ' + prev.mtime); |
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}); |
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These stat objects are instances of `fs.Stat`. |
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@ -1874,18 +1830,17 @@ stream. _Currently the implementation does not pipeline requests._ |
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Example of connecting to `google.com`: |
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var sys = require('sys'), |
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http = require('http'); |
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var http = require('http'); |
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var google = http.createClient(80, 'www.google.com'); |
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var request = google.request('GET', '/', |
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{'host': 'www.google.com'}); |
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request.end(); |
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request.addListener('response', function (response) { |
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sys.puts('STATUS: ' + response.statusCode); |
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sys.puts('HEADERS: ' + JSON.stringify(response.headers)); |
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console.log('STATUS: ' + response.statusCode); |
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console.log('HEADERS: ' + JSON.stringify(response.headers)); |
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response.setEncoding('utf8'); |
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response.addListener('data', function (chunk) { |
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sys.puts('BODY: ' + chunk); |
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console.log('BODY: ' + chunk); |
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}); |
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}); |
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@ -1950,7 +1905,7 @@ event, the entire body will be caught. |
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// Good |
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request.addListener('response', function (response) { |
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response.addListener('data', function (chunk) { |
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sys.puts('BODY: ' + chunk); |
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console.log('BODY: ' + chunk); |
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}); |
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}); |
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@ -1958,7 +1913,7 @@ event, the entire body will be caught. |
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request.addListener('response', function (response) { |
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setTimeout(function () { |
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response.addListener('data', function (chunk) { |
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sys.puts('BODY: ' + chunk); |
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console.log('BODY: ' + chunk); |
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}); |
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}, 10); |
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}); |
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@ -2433,22 +2388,21 @@ Use `require('dns')` to access this module. |
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Here is an example which resolves `'www.google.com'` then reverse |
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resolves the IP addresses which are returned. |
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var dns = require('dns'), |
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sys = require('sys'); |
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var dns = require('dns'); |
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dns.resolve4('www.google.com', function (err, addresses) { |
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if (err) throw err; |
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sys.puts('addresses: ' + JSON.stringify(addresses)); |
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console.log('addresses: ' + JSON.stringify(addresses)); |
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for (var i = 0; i < addresses.length; i++) { |
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var a = addresses[i]; |
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dns.reverse(a, function (err, domains) { |
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if (err) { |
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sys.puts('reverse for ' + a + ' failed: ' + |
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console.log('reverse for ' + a + ' failed: ' + |
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err.message); |
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} else { |
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sys.puts('reverse for ' + a + ': ' + |
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console.log('reverse for ' + a + ': ' + |
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JSON.stringify(domains)); |
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} |
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}); |
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@ -2789,7 +2743,7 @@ dropped into the REPL. It has simplistic emacs line-editting. |
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node> a = [ 1, 2, 3]; |
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[ 1, 2, 3 ] |
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node> a.forEach(function (v) { |
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... sys.puts(v); |
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... console.log(v); |
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... }); |
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1 |
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2 |
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@ -2814,8 +2768,7 @@ will share the same global object but will have unique I/O. |
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Here is an example that starts a REPL on stdin, a Unix socket, and a TCP socket: |
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var sys = require("sys"), |
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net = require("net"), |
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var net = require("net"), |
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repl = require("repl"); |
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connections = 0; |
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@ -2892,10 +2845,9 @@ one-to-one correspondence. As an example, `foo.js` loads the module |
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The contents of `foo.js`: |
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var circle = require('./circle'), |
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sys = require('sys'); |
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sys.puts( 'The area of a circle of radius 4 is ' |
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+ circle.area(4)); |
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var circle = require('./circle'); |
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console.log( 'The area of a circle of radius 4 is ' |
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+ circle.area(4)); |
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The contents of `circle.js`: |
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Ryan Dahl
15 years ago