deps: make v8 use CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE

Date.now() indirectly calls gettimeofday() on Linux and that's a system
call that is extremely expensive on virtualized systems when the host
operating system has to emulate access to the hardware clock.

Case in point: output from `perf record -c 10000 -e cycles:u -g -i`
for a benchmark/http_simple bytes/8 benchmark with a light load of
50 concurrent clients:

    53.69%     node  node                 [.] v8::internal::OS::TimeCurrentMillis()
               |
               --- v8::internal::OS::TimeCurrentMillis()
                  |
                  |--99.77%-- v8::internal::Runtime_DateCurrentTime(v8::internal::Arguments, v8::internal::Isolate*)
                  |          0x23587880618e

That's right - over half of user time spent inside the V8 function that
calls gettimeofday().

Notably, nearly all system time gets attributed to acpi_pm_read(), the
kernel function that reads the ACPI power management timer:

    32.49%     node  [kernel.kallsyms]    [k] acpi_pm_read
               |
               --- acpi_pm_read
                  |
                  |--98.40%-- __getnstimeofday
                  |          getnstimeofday
                  |          |
                  |          |--71.61%-- do_gettimeofday
                  |          |          sys_gettimeofday
                  |          |          system_call_fastpath
                  |          |          0x7fffbbaf6dbc
                  |          |          |
                  |          |          |--98.72%-- v8::internal::OS::TimeCurrentMillis()

The cost of the gettimeofday() system call is normally measured in
nanoseconds but we were seeing 100 us averages and spikes >= 1000 us.
The numbers were so bad, my initial hunch was that the node process was
continuously getting rescheduled inside the system call...

v8::internal::OS::TimeCurrentMillis()'s most frequent caller is
v8::internal::Runtime_DateCurrentTime(), the V8 run-time function
that's behind Date.now().  The timeout handling logic in lib/http.js
and lib/net.js calls into lib/timers.js and that module will happily
call Date.now() hundreds or even thousands of times per second.
If you saw exports._unrefActive() show up in --prof output a lot,
now you know why.

That's why this commit makes V8 switch over to clock_gettime() on Linux.
In particular, it checks if CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE is available and has
a resolution <= 1 ms because in that case the clock_gettime() call can
be fully serviced from the vDSO.

It speeds up the aforementioned benchmark by about 100% on the affected
systems and should go a long way toward addressing the latency issues
that StrongLoop customers have been reporting.

This patch will be upstreamed as a CR against V8 3.26.  I'm sending it
as a pull request for v0.10 first because that's what our users are
running and because the delta between 3.26 and 3.14 is too big to
reasonably back-port the patch.  I'll open a pull request for the
master branch once the CR lands upstream.

Signed-off-by: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>

deps/v8/src/platform-posix.cc

@@ -188,19 +188,37 @@ int OS::GetUserTime(uint32_t* secs,  uint32_t* usecs) {
 
 
 double OS::TimeCurrentMillis() {
-  struct timeval tv;
+  return static_cast<double>(Ticks()) / 1000;
-  if (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) < 0) return 0.0;
-  return (static_cast<double>(tv.tv_sec) * 1000) +
-         (static_cast<double>(tv.tv_usec) / 1000);
 }
 
 
 int64_t OS::Ticks() {
+#if defined(__linux__)
+  static clockid_t clock_id = static_cast<clockid_t>(-1);
+  struct timespec spec;
+  if (clock_id == static_cast<clockid_t>(-1)) {
+    // CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE may not be defined by the system headers but
+    // might still be supported by the kernel so use the clock id directly.
+    // Only use CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE when its granularity <= 1 ms.
+    const clockid_t clock_realtime_coarse = 5;
+    if (clock_getres(clock_realtime_coarse, &spec) == 0 &&
+        spec.tv_nsec <= 1000 * 1000) {
+      clock_id = clock_realtime_coarse;
+    } else {
+      clock_id = CLOCK_REALTIME;
+    }
+  }
+  if (clock_gettime(clock_id, &spec) != 0) {
+    return 0;  // Not really possible.
+  }
+  return static_cast<int64_t>(spec.tv_sec) * 1000000 + (spec.tv_nsec / 1000);
+#else
   // gettimeofday has microsecond resolution.
   struct timeval tv;
   if (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) < 0)
     return 0;
   return (static_cast<int64_t>(tv.tv_sec) * 1000000) + tv.tv_usec;
+#endif
 }