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212 lines
9.3 KiB
212 lines
9.3 KiB
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<title>scripts</title>
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<h1><a href="../doc/scripts.html">scripts</a></h1> <p>How npm handles the "scripts" field</p>
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<h2 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h2>
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<p>npm supports the "scripts" member of the package.json script, for the
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following scripts:</p>
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<ul><li>preinstall:
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Run BEFORE the package is installed</li><li>install, postinstall:
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Run AFTER the package is installed.</li><li>preuninstall, uninstall:
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Run BEFORE the package is uninstalled.</li><li>postuninstall:
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Run AFTER the package is uninstalled.</li><li>preupdate:
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Run BEFORE the package is updated with the update command.</li><li>update, postupdate:
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Run AFTER the package is updated with the update command.</li><li>prepublish:
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Run BEFORE the package is published.</li><li>publish, postpublish:
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Run AFTER the package is published.</li><li>pretest, test, posttest:
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Run by the <code>npm test</code> command.</li><li>prestop, stop, poststop:
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Run by the <code>npm stop</code> command.</li><li>prestart, start, poststart:
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Run by the <code>npm start</code> command.</li><li>prerestart, restart, postrestart:
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Run by the <code>npm restart</code> command. Note: <code>npm restart</code> will run the
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stop and start scripts if no <code>restart</code> script is provided.</li></ul>
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<p>Additionally, arbitrary scrips can be run by doing
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<code>npm run-script <stage> <pkg></code>.</p>
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<h2 id="DEFAULT-VALUES">DEFAULT VALUES</h2>
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<p>npm will default some script values based on package contents.</p>
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<ul><li><p><code>"start": "node server.js"</code>:</p><p>If there is a <code>server.js</code> file in the root of your package, then npm
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will default the <code>start</code> command to <code>node server.js</code>.</p></li><li><p><code>"preinstall": "node-waf clean || true; node-waf configure build"</code>:</p><p>If there is a <code>wscript</code> file in the root of your package, npm will
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default the <code>preinstall</code> command to compile using node-waf.</p></li></ul>
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<h2 id="USER">USER</h2>
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<p>If npm was invoked with root privileges, then it will change the uid to
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the user account or uid specified by the <code>user</code> config, which defaults
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to <code>nobody</code>. Set the <code>unsafe-perm</code> flag to run scripts with root
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privileges.</p>
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<h2 id="ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</h2>
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<p>Package scripts run in an environment where many pieces of information are
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made available regarding the setup of npm and the current state of the
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process.</p>
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<h3 id="path">path</h3>
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<p>If you depend on modules that define executable scripts, like test suites,
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then those executables will be added to the <code>PATH</code> for executing the scripts.
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So, if your package.json has this:</p>
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<pre><code>{ "name" : "foo"
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, "dependencies" : { "bar" : "0.1.x" }
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, "scripts": { "start" : "bar ./test" } }</code></pre>
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<p>then you could run <code>npm start</code> to execute the <code>bar</code> script, which is exported
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into the <code>node_modules/.bin</code> directory on <code>npm install</code>.</p>
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<h3 id="package-json-vars">package.json vars</h3>
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<p>The package.json fields are tacked onto the <code>npm_package_</code> prefix. So, for
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instance, if you had <code>{"name":"foo", "version":"1.2.5"}</code> in your package.json
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file, then your package scripts would have the <code>npm_package_name</code> environment
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variable set to "foo", and the <code>npm_package_version</code> set to "1.2.5"</p>
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<h3 id="configuration">configuration</h3>
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<p>Configuration parameters are put in the environment with the <code>npm_config_</code>
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prefix. For instance, you can view the effective <code>root</code> config by checking the
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<code>npm_config_root</code> environment variable.</p>
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<h3 id="Special-package-json-config-hash">Special: package.json "config" hash</h3>
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<p>The package.json "config" keys are overwritten in the environment if
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there is a config param of <code><name>[@<version>]:<key></code>. For example, if
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the package.json has this:</p>
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<pre><code>{ "name" : "foo"
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, "config" : { "port" : "8080" }
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, "scripts" : { "start" : "node server.js" } }</code></pre>
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<p>and the server.js is this:</p>
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<pre><code>http.createServer(...).listen(process.env.npm_package_config_port)</code></pre>
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<p>then the user could change the behavior by doing:</p>
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<pre><code>npm config set foo:port 80</code></pre>
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<h3 id="current-lifecycle-event">current lifecycle event</h3>
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<p>Lastly, the <code>npm_lifecycle_event</code> environment variable is set to whichever
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stage of the cycle is being executed. So, you could have a single script used
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for different parts of the process which switches based on what's currently
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happening.</p>
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<p>Objects are flattened following this format, so if you had
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<code>{"scripts":{"install":"foo.js"}}</code> in your package.json, then you'd see this
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in the script:</p>
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<pre><code>process.env.npm_package_scripts_install === "foo.js"</code></pre>
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<h2 id="EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</h2>
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<p>For example, if your package.json contains this:</p>
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<pre><code>{ "scripts" :
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{ "install" : "scripts/install.js"
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, "postinstall" : "scripts/install.js"
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, "uninstall" : "scripts/uninstall.js"
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}
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}</code></pre>
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<p>then the <code>scripts/install.js</code> will be called for the install, post-install,
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stages of the lifecycle, and the <code>scripts/uninstall.js</code> would be
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called when the package is uninstalled. Since <code>scripts/install.js</code> is running
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for three different phases, it would be wise in this case to look at the
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<code>npm_lifecycle_event</code> environment variable.</p>
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<p>If you want to run a make command, you can do so. This works just fine:</p>
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<pre><code>{ "scripts" :
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{ "preinstall" : "./configure"
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, "install" : "make && make install"
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, "test" : "make test"
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}
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}</code></pre>
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<h2 id="EXITING">EXITING</h2>
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<p>Scripts are run by passing the line as a script argument to <code>sh</code>.</p>
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<p>If the script exits with a code other than 0, then this will abort the
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process.</p>
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<p>Note that these script files don't have to be nodejs or even javascript
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programs. They just have to be some kind of executable file.</p>
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<h2 id="HOOK-SCRIPTS">HOOK SCRIPTS</h2>
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<p>If you want to run a specific script at a specific lifecycle event for ALL
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packages, then you can use a hook script.</p>
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<p>Place an executable file at <code>node_modules/.hooks/{eventname}</code>, and it'll get
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run for all packages when they are going through that point in the package
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lifecycle for any packages installed in that root.</p>
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<p>Hook scripts are run exactly the same way as package.json scripts. That is,
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they are in a separate child process, with the env described above.</p>
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<h2 id="BEST-PRACTICES">BEST PRACTICES</h2>
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<ul><li>Don't exit with a non-zero error code unless you <em>really</em> mean it.
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Except for uninstall scripts, this will cause the npm action
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to fail, and potentially be rolled back. If the failure is minor or
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only will prevent some optional features, then it's better to just
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print a warning and exit successfully.</li><li>Try not to use scripts to do what npm can do for you. Read through
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<code><a href="../doc/json.html">json(1)</a></code> to see all the things that you can specify and enable
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by simply describing your package appropriately. In general, this will
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lead to a more robust and consistent state.</li><li>Inspect the env to determine where to put things. For instance, if
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the <code>npm_config_binroot</code> environ is set to <code>/home/user/bin</code>, then don't
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try to install executables into <code>/usr/local/bin</code>. The user probably
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set it up that way for a reason.</li><li>Don't prefix your script commands with "sudo". If root permissions are
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required for some reason, then it'll fail with that error, and the user
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will sudo the npm command in question.</li></ul>
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<h2 id="SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</h2>
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<ul><li><a href="../doc/run-script.html">run-script(1)</a></li><li><a href="../doc/json.html">json(1)</a></li><li><a href="../doc/developers.html">developers(1)</a></li><li><a href="../doc/install.html">install(1)</a></li></ul>
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</div>
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<p id="footer">scripts — npm@1.1.48</p>
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