node/doc/api/readline.markdown

Readline

Stability: 2 - Unstable

To use this module, do require('readline'). Readline allows reading of a stream (such as process.stdin) on a line-by-line basis.

Note that once you've invoked this module, your node program will not terminate until you've paused the interface. Here's how to allow your program to gracefully pause:

var rl = require('readline');

var i = rl.createInterface({
  input: process.stdin,
  output: process.stdout
});

i.question("What do you think of node.js? ", function(answer) {
  // TODO: Log the answer in a database
  console.log("Thank you for your valuable feedback:", answer);

  i.pause();
});

rl.createInterface(options)

Creates a readline Interface instance. Accepts an "options" Object that takes the following values:

• input - the readable stream to listen to (Required).

• output - the writable stream to write readline data to (Required).

• completer - an optional function that is used for Tab autocompletion. See below for an example of using this.

• terminal - pass true if the input and output streams should be treated like a TTY, and have ANSI/VT100 escape codes written to it. Defaults to checking isTTY on the output stream upon instantiation.

The completer function is given a the current line entered by the user, and is supposed to return an Array with 2 entries:

1. An Array with matching entries for the completion.

2. The substring that was used for the matching.

Which ends up looking something like: [[substr1, substr2, ...], originalsubstring].

Also completer can be run in async mode if it accepts two arguments:

function completer(linePartial, callback) {
  callback(null, [['123'], linePartial]);
}

createInterface is commonly used with process.stdin and process.stdout in order to accept user input:

var readline = require('readline');
var rl = readline.createInterface({
  input: process.stdin,
  output: process.stdout
});

Once you have a readline instance, you most commonly listen for the "line" event.

If terminal is true for this instance then the output stream will get the best compatability if it defines an output.columns property, and fires a "resize" event on the output if/when the columns ever change (process.stdout does this automatically when it is a TTY).

Class: Interface

The class that represents a readline interface with an input and output stream.

rl.setPrompt(prompt, length)

Sets the prompt, for example when you run node on the command line, you see > , which is node's prompt.

rl.prompt()

Readies readline for input from the user, putting the current setPrompt options on a new line, giving the user a new spot to write.

This will also resume the in stream used with createInterface if it has been paused.

rl.question(query, callback)

Prepends the prompt with query and invokes callback with the user's response. Displays the query to the user, and then invokes callback with the user's response after it has been typed.

This will also resume the in stream used with createInterface if it has been paused.

Example usage:

interface.question('What is your favorite food?', function(answer) {
  console.log('Oh, so your favorite food is ' + answer);
});

rl.pause()

Pauses the readline input stream, allowing it to be resumed later if needed.

rl.resume()

Resumes the readline input stream.

rl.write()

Writes to output stream.

This will also resume the input stream if it has been paused.

Event: 'line'

function (line) {}

Emitted whenever the in stream receives a \n, usually received when the user hits enter, or return. This is a good hook to listen for user input.

Example of listening for line:

rl.on('line', function (cmd) {
  console.log('You just typed: '+cmd);
});

Event: 'pause'

function () {}

Emitted whenever the in stream is paused or receives ^D, respectively known as EOT. This event is also called if there is no SIGINT event listener present when the in stream receives a ^C, respectively known as SIGINT.

Also emitted whenever the in stream is not paused and receives the SIGCONT event. (See events SIGTSTP and SIGCONT)

Example of listening for pause:

rl.on('pause', function() {
  console.log('Readline paused.');
});

Event: 'resume'

function () {}

Emitted whenever the in stream is resumed.

Example of listening for resume:

rl.on('resume', function() {
  console.log('Readline resumed.');
});

Event: 'end'

function () {}

Emitted when the input stream receives its "end" event, or when ^D is pressed by the user. It's generally a good idea to consider this Interface instance as completed after this is emitted.

Event: 'SIGINT'

function () {}

Emitted whenever the in stream receives a ^C, respectively known as SIGINT. If there is no SIGINT event listener present when the in stream receives a SIGINT, pause will be triggered.

Example of listening for SIGINT:

rl.on('SIGINT', function() {
  rl.question('Are you sure you want to exit?', function(answer) {
    if (answer.match(/^y(es)?$/i)) rl.pause();
  });
});

Event: 'SIGTSTP'

function () {}

This does not work on Windows.

Emitted whenever the in stream receives a ^Z, respectively known as SIGTSTP. If there is no SIGTSTP event listener present when the in stream receives a SIGTSTP, the program will be sent to the background.

When the program is resumed with fg, the pause and SIGCONT events will be emitted. You can use either to resume the stream.

The pause and SIGCONT events will not be triggered if the stream was paused before the program was sent to the background.

Example of listening for SIGTSTP:

rl.on('SIGTSTP', function() {
  // This will override SIGTSTP and prevent the program from going to the
  // background.
  console.log('Caught SIGTSTP.');
});

Event: 'SIGCONT'

function () {}

This does not work on Windows.

Emitted whenever the in stream is sent to the background with ^Z, respectively known as SIGTSTP, and then continued with fg. This event only emits if the stream was not paused before sending the program to the background.

Example of listening for SIGCONT:

rl.on('SIGCONT', function() {
  // `prompt` will automatically resume the stream
  rl.prompt();
});

Here's an example of how to use all these together to craft a tiny command line interface:

var readline = require('readline'),
    rl = readline.createInterface(process.stdin, process.stdout);

rl.setPrompt('OHAI> ');
rl.prompt();

rl.on('line', function(line) {
  switch(line.trim()) {
    case 'hello':
      console.log('world!');
      break;
    default:
      console.log('Say what? I might have heard `' + line.trim() + '`');
      break;
  }
  rl.prompt();
}).on('pause', function() {
  console.log('Have a great day!');
  process.exit(0);
});