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354 lines
9.6 KiB
354 lines
9.6 KiB
.\" Generated with Ronnjs 0.3.8
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.\" http://github.com/kapouer/ronnjs/
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.
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.TH "NPM\-SCRIPTS" "7" "December 2013" "" ""
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.
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.SH "NAME"
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\fBnpm-scripts\fR \-\- How npm handles the "scripts" field
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.
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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npm supports the "scripts" member of the package\.json script, for the
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following scripts:
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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prepublish:
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Run BEFORE the package is published\. (Also run on local \fBnpm
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install\fR without any arguments\.)
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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publish, postpublish:
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Run AFTER the package is published\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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preinstall:
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Run BEFORE the package is installed
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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install, postinstall:
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Run AFTER the package is installed\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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preuninstall, uninstall:
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Run BEFORE the package is uninstalled\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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postuninstall:
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Run AFTER the package is uninstalled\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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preupdate:
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Run BEFORE the package is updated with the update command\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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update, postupdate:
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Run AFTER the package is updated with the update command\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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pretest, test, posttest:
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Run by the \fBnpm test\fR command\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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prestop, stop, poststop:
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Run by the \fBnpm stop\fR command\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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prestart, start, poststart:
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Run by the \fBnpm start\fR command\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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prerestart, restart, postrestart:
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Run by the \fBnpm restart\fR command\. Note: \fBnpm restart\fR will run the
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stop and start scripts if no \fBrestart\fR script is provided\.
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.P
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Additionally, arbitrary scripts can be run by doing \fBnpm run\-script <stage> <pkg>\fR\|\.
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.
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.SH "NOTE: INSTALL SCRIPTS ARE AN ANTIPATTERN"
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\fBtl;dr\fR Don\'t use \fBinstall\fR\|\. Use a \fB\|\.gyp\fR file for compilation, and \fBprepublish\fR for anything else\.
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.
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.P
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You should almost never have to explicitly set a \fBpreinstall\fR or \fBinstall\fR script\. If you are doing this, please consider if there is
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another option\.
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.
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.P
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The only valid use of \fBinstall\fR or \fBpreinstall\fR scripts is for
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compilation which must be done on the target architecture\. In early
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versions of node, this was often done using the \fBnode\-waf\fR scripts, or
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a standalone \fBMakefile\fR, and early versions of npm required that it be
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explicitly set in package\.json\. This was not portable, and harder to
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do properly\.
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.
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.P
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In the current version of node, the standard way to do this is using a \fB\|\.gyp\fR file\. If you have a file with a \fB\|\.gyp\fR extension in the root
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of your package, then npm will run the appropriate \fBnode\-gyp\fR commands
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automatically at install time\. This is the only officially supported
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method for compiling binary addons, and does not require that you add
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anything to your package\.json file\.
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.
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.P
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If you have to do other things before your package is used, in a way
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that is not dependent on the operating system or architecture of the
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target system, then use a \fBprepublish\fR script instead\. This includes
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tasks such as:
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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Compile CoffeeScript source code into JavaScript\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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Create minified versions of JavaScript source code\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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Fetching remote resources that your package will use\.
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.P
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The advantage of doing these things at \fBprepublish\fR time instead of \fBpreinstall\fR or \fBinstall\fR time is that they can be done once, in a
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single place, and thus greatly reduce complexity and variability\.
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Additionally, this means that:
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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You can depend on \fBcoffee\-script\fR as a \fBdevDependency\fR, and thus
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your users don\'t need to have it installed\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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You don\'t need to include the minifiers in your package, reducing
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the size for your users\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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You don\'t need to rely on your users having \fBcurl\fR or \fBwget\fR or
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other system tools on the target machines\.
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.SH "DEFAULT VALUES"
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npm will default some script values based on package contents\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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\fB"start": "node server\.js"\fR:
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.
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.IP
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If there is a \fBserver\.js\fR file in the root of your package, then npm
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will default the \fBstart\fR command to \fBnode server\.js\fR\|\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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\fB"preinstall": "node\-waf clean || true; node\-waf configure build"\fR:
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.
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.IP
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If there is a \fBwscript\fR file in the root of your package, npm will
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default the \fBpreinstall\fR command to compile using node\-waf\.
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.SH "USER"
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If npm was invoked with root privileges, then it will change the uid
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to the user account or uid specified by the \fBuser\fR config, which
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defaults to \fBnobody\fR\|\. Set the \fBunsafe\-perm\fR flag to run scripts with
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root privileges\.
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.
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.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
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Package scripts run in an environment where many pieces of information
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are made available regarding the setup of npm and the current state of
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the process\.
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.
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.SS "path"
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If you depend on modules that define executable scripts, like test
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suites, then those executables will be added to the \fBPATH\fR for
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executing the scripts\. So, if your package\.json has this:
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.
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.IP "" 4
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.
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.nf
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{ "name" : "foo"
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, "dependencies" : { "bar" : "0\.1\.x" }
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, "scripts": { "start" : "bar \./test" } }
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.
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.fi
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.P
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then you could run \fBnpm start\fR to execute the \fBbar\fR script, which is
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exported into the \fBnode_modules/\.bin\fR directory on \fBnpm install\fR\|\.
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.
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.SS "package\.json vars"
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The package\.json fields are tacked onto the \fBnpm_package_\fR prefix\. So,
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for instance, if you had \fB{"name":"foo", "version":"1\.2\.5"}\fR in your
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package\.json file, then your package scripts would have the \fBnpm_package_name\fR environment variable set to "foo", and the \fBnpm_package_version\fR set to "1\.2\.5"
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.
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.SS "configuration"
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Configuration parameters are put in the environment with the \fBnpm_config_\fR prefix\. For instance, you can view the effective \fBroot\fR
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config by checking the \fBnpm_config_root\fR environment variable\.
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.
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.SS "Special: package\.json "config" hash"
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The package\.json "config" keys are overwritten in the environment if
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there is a config param of \fB<name>[@<version>]:<key>\fR\|\. For example,
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if the package\.json has this:
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.
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.IP "" 4
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.
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.nf
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{ "name" : "foo"
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, "config" : { "port" : "8080" }
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, "scripts" : { "start" : "node server\.js" } }
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.
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.fi
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.P
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and the server\.js is this:
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.
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.IP "" 4
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.
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.nf
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http\.createServer(\.\.\.)\.listen(process\.env\.npm_package_config_port)
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.
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.fi
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.P
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then the user could change the behavior by doing:
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.
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.IP "" 4
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.
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.nf
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npm config set foo:port 80
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.
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.fi
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.SS "current lifecycle event"
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Lastly, the \fBnpm_lifecycle_event\fR environment variable is set to
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whichever stage of the cycle is being executed\. So, you could have a
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single script used for different parts of the process which switches
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based on what\'s currently happening\.
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.
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.P
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Objects are flattened following this format, so if you had \fB{"scripts":{"install":"foo\.js"}}\fR in your package\.json, then you\'d
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see this in the script:
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.
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.IP "" 4
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.
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.nf
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process\.env\.npm_package_scripts_install === "foo\.js"
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.
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.fi
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.SH "EXAMPLES"
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For example, if your package\.json contains this:
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.
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.IP "" 4
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.
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.nf
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{ "scripts" :
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{ "install" : "scripts/install\.js"
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, "postinstall" : "scripts/install\.js"
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, "uninstall" : "scripts/uninstall\.js"
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}
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}
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.
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.fi
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.P
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then the \fBscripts/install\.js\fR will be called for the install,
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post\-install, stages of the lifecycle, and the \fBscripts/uninstall\.js\fR
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would be called when the package is uninstalled\. Since \fBscripts/install\.js\fR is running for three different phases, it would
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be wise in this case to look at the \fBnpm_lifecycle_event\fR environment
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variable\.
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.
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.P
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If you want to run a make command, you can do so\. This works just
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fine:
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.
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.IP "" 4
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.
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.nf
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{ "scripts" :
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{ "preinstall" : "\./configure"
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, "install" : "make && make install"
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, "test" : "make test"
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}
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}
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.
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.fi
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.SH "EXITING"
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Scripts are run by passing the line as a script argument to \fBsh\fR\|\.
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.
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.P
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If the script exits with a code other than 0, then this will abort the
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process\.
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.
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.P
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Note that these script files don\'t have to be nodejs or even
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javascript programs\. They just have to be some kind of executable
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file\.
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.
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.SH "HOOK SCRIPTS"
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If you want to run a specific script at a specific lifecycle event for
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ALL packages, then you can use a hook script\.
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.
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.P
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Place an executable file at \fBnode_modules/\.hooks/{eventname}\fR, and
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it\'ll get run for all packages when they are going through that point
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in the package lifecycle for any packages installed in that root\.
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.
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.P
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Hook scripts are run exactly the same way as package\.json scripts\.
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That is, they are in a separate child process, with the env described
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above\.
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.
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.SH "BEST PRACTICES"
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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Don\'t exit with a non\-zero error code unless you \fIreally\fR mean it\.
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Except for uninstall scripts, this will cause the npm action to
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fail, and potentially be rolled back\. If the failure is minor or
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only will prevent some optional features, then it\'s better to just
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print a warning and exit successfully\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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npm help Try not to use scripts to do what npm can do for you\. Read through \fBpackage\.json\fR to see all the things that you can specify and enable
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by simply describing your package appropriately\. In general, this
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will lead to a more robust and consistent state\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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Inspect the env to determine where to put things\. For instance, if
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the \fBnpm_config_binroot\fR environ is set to \fB/home/user/bin\fR, then
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don\'t try to install executables into \fB/usr/local/bin\fR\|\. The user
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probably set it up that way for a reason\.
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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Don\'t prefix your script commands with "sudo"\. If root permissions
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are required for some reason, then it\'ll fail with that error, and
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the user will sudo the npm command in question\.
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.
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.IP "" 0
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.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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npm help run\-script
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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npm help package\.json
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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npm help developers
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.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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npm help install
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.
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.IP "" 0
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