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John Light 2 years ago
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      validity_rollups_on_bitcoin.md

4
validity_rollups_on_bitcoin.md

@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ As of the time of writing, nearly every validity rollup deployed to production h
Despite the popularity of using Turing-complete programming languages to build rollup smart contracts, it would be possible to build a validity rollup on bitcoin using bitcoin's native Turing-incomplete programming language, Script, with relatively small changes (in terms of code footprint) to the opcodes Script supports. In March 2022, Trey Del Bonis published a post describing in detail how a validity rollup on bitcoin could work.[89] According to Del Bonis, the changes needed to support validity rollups on bitcoin are a few extra opcodes enabling the two main primitives of his rollup design — validity proof verification and recursive covenants. And while not strictly required, there are other changes that Del Bonis says would significantly reduce costs and make the rollup more efficient, such as OP_EVAL and PUSHSCRIPT opcodes and increasing or even completely removing the stack element size limit.
Giving bitcoin full nodes the ability to verify a validity proof is an obvious change that is needed to support validity proofs, since validity proofs are an essential part of how validity rollups work. For this component, whoever writes the code to enable validity proof verification in bitcoin will need to make some decisions about the types of rollups they want to enable. Implementing the ability to verify proofs of more complex programs will enable rollups with more capabilities (e.g. more expressive smart contracts, like Rootstock or Stacks) while simpler proofs would enable rollups with fewer capabilities (e.g. simple payments and limited opcodes, like Liquid or bitcoin).
Giving bitcoin full nodes the ability to verify a validity proof is an obvious change that is needed to support validity rollups, since validity proofs are an essential part of how validity rollups work. For this component, whoever writes the code to enable validity proof verification in bitcoin will need to make some decisions about the types of rollups they want to enable. Implementing the ability to verify proofs of more complex programs will enable rollups with more capabilities (e.g. more expressive smart contracts, like Rootstock or Stacks) while simpler proofs would enable rollups with fewer capabilities (e.g. simple payments and limited opcodes, like Liquid or bitcoin).
Recursive covenants are a type of smart contract that restricts the type of script that satoshis can be sent to once they are spent. Del Bonis uses recursive covenenants to ensure that satoshis that are locked in a rollup script and haven't been withdrawn by their owner yet remain in the script from one rollup state update to the next. Once the owner of satoshis on the rollup confirms a valid withdrawal transaction on the rollup, then they can exit the recursive covenant script with their satoshis to the Layer 1 withdrawal address they specified.
@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ The novelty or Lindy factor of the cryptography used in validity proofs depends
> Image source: [ibid]
Another consideration is the age of implementation and "battle hardening" that a given validity proof implementation has gone through. With the oldest production implementations now several years old (about as old as the Schnorr algorithm implementation that was integrated into Bitcoin Core) there are several validity proof systems that could be used or at least looked at for inspiration.[113] Though it should still be noted that the validity proof designs the implementations are based on are relatively new than the Schnorr signature algorithm.
Another consideration is the age of implementation and "battle hardening" that a given validity proof implementation has gone through. With the oldest production implementations now several years old (about as old as the Schnorr algorithm implementation that was integrated into Bitcoin Core) there are several validity proof systems that could be used or at least looked at for inspiration.[113] Though it should still be noted that the validity proof designs the implementations are based on are relatively new compared to the Schnorr signature algorithm.
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