Buck Perley
7 years ago
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# Creating Multi Signature Transactions |
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|
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```post-author |
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Nodar Chkuaselidze |
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``` |
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|
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## How It Works |
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#### General |
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In bitcoin there are several transaction types and one of them is Multisig. Multisig addresses and transactions are created |
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from multiple private keys and can be used in multiple situations. For example, you can secure your funds using multiple |
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keys on multiple devices. If you want to spend transactions received on multisig address, you'll need to sign transactions |
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on both devices. As another example, in large companies where several people are in charge of funds, |
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they can create multisig addresses for company funds where you have multiple signatories. |
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This will improve the security of the funds from both internal and external threats since no one can |
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send a tx without the approval of other signatories. More examples of multisig applications can be |
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found on the [wiki][multisig-apps]. |
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|
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|
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#### Definition |
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Multisig transactions have an `m-of-n` form, where `m` stands for number of signatures required to spend funds and `n` stands |
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for maximum number of pubkeys that are permitted to sign (`m <= n`). You can check the motivation |
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and specification in [BIP11][]. We'll also be using the [Pay-to-Script-Hash(P2SH)][BIP16] format for the script |
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and [its address format][BIP13] for our addresses and for receiving the transactions. |
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|
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|
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#### Address Creation |
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When you want to create a multisig address, first you need to aggree on the numbers in `m-of-n`. If one of the |
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signatories chooses a different `m` or a different `n`, they'll end up with different addresses. |
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You also need to know the pubkey for all cosigners. |
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You can share these pubkeys however you want. Wallets support various ways for sharing pubkeys, using QR Codes |
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or sending base58check encoded strings. After you have collected all pubkeys and agreed on `m` and `n`, |
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you construct the multisig script and generate P2SH address from that. |
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|
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|
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#### Spending Received Transaction |
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After you've received a transaction on your multisig address, you can spend it if the minimum number of signatures are provided |
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in a signature script. |
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1. You need all public keys, the same as were used in address generation. |
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2. From that you can construct the redeem script, that is the original script you constructed for address. |
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3. Once you have the redeem script, you can start creating the signature script which will be constructed according |
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to BIP11 and BIP16. |
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4. When you prepend your signature, you take this transaction (not yet fully valid) and send it to another pubkey owner, |
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who'll be signing next. The next person will do the same, until you have `m` signatures in the sigscript. |
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|
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After this process is done, your transaction is fully signed and you can broadcast your transaction. |
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|
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[BIP11]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0011.mediawiki |
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[BIP16]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0016.mediawiki |
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[BIP13]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0013.mediawiki |
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[multisig-apps]: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Multisignature#Multisignature_Applications |
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|
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## The Code |
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|
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### Manual construction |
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|
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In this setup, we won't be running a node or running any of the blockchain or wallet functionality of bcoin. |
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This is a slightly more abstract than constructing bare scripts ourselves. |
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We'll split code in multiple files and share keys using the current directory (So you can use fresh dir). |
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|
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|
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### Step 1: Address Creation |
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|
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In the following code, we'll import all necessary libraries, generate private and public keys, and create |
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a multisig address. |
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|
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```js |
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'use strict'; |
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|
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const fs = require('fs'); |
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const bcoin = require('bcoin'); |
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const KeyRing = bcoin.keyring; |
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const Script = bcoin.script; |
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|
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// Network is important when creating addresses |
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// and storing private keys, You don't want to accidentally spend |
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// or confuse keys/transactions/addresses with different networks. |
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const network = 'regtest'; |
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|
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// use compressed pubkeys |
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// See notes in guide. |
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const compressed = true; |
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|
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// This will generate two private keys |
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// See notes in guide |
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const ring1 = KeyRing.generate(compressed, network); |
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const ring2 = KeyRing.generate(compressed, network); |
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|
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// export to wif for reimporting them later. |
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fs.writeFileSync(`${network}-key1.wif`, ring1.toSecret(network)); |
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fs.writeFileSync(`${network}-key2.wif`, ring2.toSecret(network)); |
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|
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// create 2-of-2 address |
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const m = 2; |
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const n = 2; |
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const pubKeys = [ring1.publicKey, ring2.publicKey]; |
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|
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// assemble multisig script from pubkeys and m-of-n |
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const multiSigScript = Script.fromMultisig(m, n, pubKeys); |
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// now generate P2SH address |
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const base58addr = multiSigScript.getAddress().toBase58(network); |
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|
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// store address too |
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fs.writeFileSync(`${network}-address`, base58addr); |
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|
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// Print multisig address |
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console.log(`Address: ${base58addr}`); |
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``` |
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|
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--- |
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|
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```js |
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const ring1 = KeyRing.generate(compressed, network); |
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``` |
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Here we generate a private key and public key pair. We need to provide |
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information about the network and public key format. There are two [Public key formats][bitcoin-pubkeyformat] |
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one compressed and one uncompressed. More details can be found at the [Bitcoin Developer Guide][bitcoin-pubkeyformat] |
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|
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[bitcoin-pubkeyformat]: https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-guide#public-key-formats |
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|
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### Step 2: Generate Transaction |
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In this part, we assume that we received a transaction on the network with the following information: |
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> Transaction ID: 3b1dd17cc82e2ac43ba62bf8f1c6a0fe805df43911653d22c902571eb3a212ce |
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> Output index: 0 |
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> Amount: 100 BTC |
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We are going to send `50 BTC` to `RF1PJ1VkHG6H9dwoE2k19a5aigWcWr6Lsu` on the regtest network. |
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|
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```js |
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'use strict'; |
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const fs = require('fs'); |
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const assert = require('assert'); |
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const bcoin = require('bcoin'); |
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const KeyRing = bcoin.keyring; |
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const Script = bcoin.script; |
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const MTX = bcoin.mtx; |
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const Amount = bcoin.amount; |
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const Coin = bcoin.coin; |
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const network = 'regtest'; |
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|
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// grab private keys |
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const secret1 = fs.readFileSync('./regtest-key1.wif').toString(); |
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const secret2 = fs.readFileSync('./regtest-key2.wif').toString(); |
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|
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// generate keyring object (pubkeys too) |
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const ring1 = KeyRing.fromSecret(secret1); |
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const ring2 = KeyRing.fromSecret(secret2); |
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const m = 2; |
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const n = 2; |
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|
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// Each of them will have both pubkeys |
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const pubkey1 = ring1.publicKey; |
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const pubkey2 = ring2.publicKey; |
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|
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// the redeem |
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const redeem = Script.fromMultisig(m, n, [pubkey1, pubkey2]); |
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// p2sh script |
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const script = Script.fromScripthash(redeem.hash160()); |
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// NOTE: we'll send change to the same address for simplicity |
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// consider using HD Wallets and common Paths within HD Wallets. |
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// See BIP45 for multisig paths. |
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const changeAddr = script.getAddress().toBase58(network); |
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|
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// tx info |
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const sendTo = 'RF1PJ1VkHG6H9dwoE2k19a5aigWcWr6Lsu'; |
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const txInfo = { |
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// How much we received with this transaction |
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value: Amount.fromBTC('100').toValue(), |
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// prevout txid and vout |
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hash: '3b1dd17cc82e2ac43ba62bf8f1c6a0fe805df43911653d22c902571eb3a212ce', |
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index: 0 |
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}; |
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// Coin provides information for the transaction |
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// that is aggregated in CoinView within the mtx |
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// and contains information about the previous output |
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const coin = Coin.fromJSON({ |
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version: 1, |
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height: -1, |
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value: txInfo.value, |
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coinbase: false, |
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script: script.toJSON(), |
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hash: txInfo.hash, |
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index: txInfo.index |
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}); |
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// Now we create mutable transaction object |
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const spend1 = new MTX(); |
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// let's give redeemscript to ring1 |
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// Later it will be used by signInput for |
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// signing transaction |
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ring1.script = redeem; |
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// send |
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spend1.addOutput({ |
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address: sendTo, |
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value: Amount.fromBTC('50').toValue() |
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}); |
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// Check notes below |
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// send change to ourselves |
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spend1.addOutput({ |
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address: changeAddr, |
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value: Amount.fromBTC('49.99').toValue() |
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}); |
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// We can manually add this coin |
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// and this will also add input |
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// to our transaction |
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spend1.addCoin(coin); |
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// scriptInput will assemble redeem and create |
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// space for signatures in the script. |
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spend1.scriptInput(0, coin, ring1); |
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// all info is here, all is left is to sign |
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// First signs first one and sends signed tx |
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// to another person for signing. |
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spend1.signInput(0, coin, ring1); |
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// Now we can take raw transaction and do the same |
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// thing with second user. |
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const raw = spend1.toRaw(); |
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// let's simulate sending raw tx to another user |
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const spend2 = MTX.fromRaw(raw); |
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// information provided before `new MTX` in spend1 |
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// is common for both, both need to construct them |
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// ring2 needs redeem script too, for signing input |
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spend2.script = redeem; |
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// Because input already exists in transaction |
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// we only need to provide Coin to CoinView |
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spend2.view.addCoin(coin); |
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// now we sign |
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spend2.signInput(0, coin, ring2); |
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// We are done. |
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// Both users signed the transactions |
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// Let's make sure that the transaction is valid |
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assert(spend2.verify(), 'Transaction isnt valid.'); |
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console.log(spend2.toRaw().toString('hex')); |
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``` |
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Since there's a lot of code here, I wanted to review a couple of sections. |
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This snippet below will return a raw transaction and also makes sure the |
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transaction has all the signatures. |
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|
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--- |
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```js |
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// send change to ourselves |
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spend1.addOutput({ |
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address: changeAddr, |
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value: Amount.fromBTC('49.99').toValue() |
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}); |
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// We can manually add this coin |
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// and this will also add input |
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// to our transaction |
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spend1.addCoin(coin); |
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``` |
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In this next snippet we send change to ourselves and specify it manually. |
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Alternatively, we could also use `MTX.prototype.fund` which automatically |
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allocates coins to outputs, based on the amounts they need and |
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also calculate change and append a new output for it. |
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Instead of the code above, we could have simpler and more automated |
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calculations: |
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```js |
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// this will automatically select coins and |
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// send change back to our address |
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await spend1.fund([coin], { |
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rate: 1000, |
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changeAddress: changeAddr |
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}); |
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``` |
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## Using Wallet API |
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While it's possible to use `bcoin` for manually constructing a transaction with just private keys, it's not |
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convenient to handle all logic manually, and even more complex to deal with all HD wallet logic. So if you have a bcoin node running and you have access to it via HTTP, you can use `bcoin.http.Client` and `bcoin.http.Wallet`. These classes |
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provide all API methods described on bcoin and will communicate with the node's Wallets. |
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*NOTE: You can check [API Docs][API-DOCS]* |
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### Step 1: Address Creation |
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In this step we'll create two new wallets for two cosigners. In this demo, they will exist on same node, |
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but it shouldn't matter if these two wallets are on the same node or not. |
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```js |
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'use strict'; |
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const assert = require('assert'); |
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const bcoin = require('../bcoin'); |
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const {Client, Wallet} = bcoin.http; |
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const network = 'regtest'; |
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const m = 2; |
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const n = 2; |
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// Wrapper for skipping errors, when you rerun the script |
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// It could have been as simple as |
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// await client.createWallet(options); |
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const createMultisigWallet = async function createMultisigWallet(client, options, skipExists) { |
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assert(client instanceof Client, 'client should be bcoin.http.Client'); |
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assert(options.id, 'You need to provide id in options'); |
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const defaultOpts = { |
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type: 'multisig', |
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m: m, |
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n: n |
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}; |
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Object.assign(defaultOpts, options); |
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let res; |
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try { |
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res = await client.createWallet(defaultOpts); |
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} catch (e) { |
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if (skipExists && e.message === 'WDB: Wallet already exists.') { |
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return null; |
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} |
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throw e; |
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} |
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return res; |
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}; |
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// Wrapper for skipping errors, when you rerun the script |
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// It could have been as simple as |
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// await client.addSharedKey(account, xpubkey); |
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const addSharedKey = async function addSharedKey(client, account, xpubkey, skipRemoveError) { |
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assert(client instanceof Wallet, 'client should be bcoin.http.Wallet'); |
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assert(account, 'should provide account'); |
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assert(xpubkey, 'should provide xpubkey'); |
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let res; |
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try { |
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res = await client.addSharedKey(account, xpubkey); |
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} catch (e) { |
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if (e.message === 'Cannot remove key.') { |
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return null; |
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} |
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throw e; |
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} |
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return res; |
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}; |
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(async () => { |
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const client = new Client({ network }); |
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// Let's create wallets if they don't exist |
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await createMultisigWallet(client, { id: 'cosigner1' }, true); |
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await createMultisigWallet(client, { id: 'cosigner2' }, true); |
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// Initialize wallet http clients |
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// They will be talking to Node's API |
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const wallet1 = new Wallet({ id: 'cosigner1', network }); |
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const wallet2 = new Wallet({ id: 'cosigner2', network }); |
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// This isn't strictly necessary, but you can either create new |
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// accounts under wallets and use them |
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const wallet1account = 'default'; |
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const wallet2account = 'default'; |
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// Both wallets need to exchange XPUBKEYs to each other |
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// in order to generate receiving and change addresses. |
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// Let's take it from the default account. |
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const wallet1info = await wallet1.getInfo(); |
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const wallet2info = await wallet2.getInfo(); |
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// Grab the xpubkey from wallet, we need to share them |
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const wallet1xpubkey = wallet1info.account.accountKey; |
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const wallet2xpubkey = wallet2info.account.accountKey; |
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// Here we share xpubkeys to each other |
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await addSharedKey(wallet1, wallet1account, wallet2xpubkey); |
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await addSharedKey(wallet2, wallet2account, wallet1xpubkey); |
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// Now we can get address from both wallets |
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// NOTE: that both wallets should be on the same index |
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// (depth) of derivation to geth the same addresses |
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// NOTE: Each time you createAddress index(depth) is |
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// incremented an new address is generated |
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const address1 = await wallet1.createAddress(wallet1account); |
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const address2 = await wallet2.createAddress(wallet2account); |
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// Address for both shouuld be the same |
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// Unless they were run separately. (Or by manually triggering API) |
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console.log(address1); |
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console.log(address2); |
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})().catch((e) => { |
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console.error(e); |
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process.exit(1); |
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}); |
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``` |
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|
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You will notice that we grab the `.account.accountKey`, first key is the xpubkey |
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and both will be using xpubkey key derivation to come up with new addresses. |
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You won't need to share any other public keys, they will derive them for you. |
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Depth of the account is the only thing you'll need to keep in mind. |
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[addSharedKey](http://bcoin.io/api-docs/index.html#add-xpubkey-multisig) in |
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wallet/account is used for adding cosigner xpubkeys keys. |
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|
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### Step 2: Generate Transaction |
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We have received transaction |
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> Transaction ID: 3c12e1b260354fd2a2848030222c4a66339892f1d63b18752ff80ef4eb0197d2 |
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> Output index: 0 |
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> Amount: 100 BTC |
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We are going to send `1 BTC` to `RBg1TLaNuRpH6UTFzogFXhjqubPYZaqWgs` on the regtest network. |
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We won't need transaction ID and output index when using wallet API. It will be automatically |
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allocated from coins by bcoin node wallet service. |
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```js |
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'use strict'; |
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const bcoin = require('../bcoin'); |
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const {Client, Wallet} = bcoin.http; |
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const Amount = bcoin.amount; |
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const network = 'regtest'; |
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const sendTo = 'RBg1TLaNuRpH6UTFzogFXhjqubPYZaqWgs'; |
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(async () => { |
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const client = new Client({ network }); |
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const wallet1 = new Wallet({ id: 'cosigner1', network }); |
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const wallet2 = new Wallet({ id: 'cosigner2', network }); |
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// Because we can't sign and spend from account |
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// We can't use `spend` as we do with normal transactions |
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// since it immediately publishes to the network |
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// and we need other signatures first. |
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// So we first create the transaction |
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const outputs = [{ address: sendTo, value: Amount.fromBTC(1).toValue() }]; |
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const options = { |
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// rate: 1000, |
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outputs: outputs |
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}; |
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// This will automatically find coins and fund the transaction (Sign it), |
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// also create changeAddress and calculate fee |
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const tx1 = await wallet1.createTX(options); |
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// Now you can share this raw output |
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const raw = tx1.hex; |
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// Wallet2 will also sign the transaction |
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const tx2 = await wallet2.sign(raw); |
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// Now we can broadcast this transaction to the network |
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const broadcast = await client.broadcast(tx2.hex); |
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console.log(broadcast); |
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})().catch((e) => { |
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console.error(e); |
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process.exit(1); |
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}); |
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``` |
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Here you can see it's much cleaner and easier. |
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We still need to manually, using other means, share |
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raw transaction data for signing. |
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`wallet1.createTX(options)` will automatically find the coins |
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sent to the multisig wallet, allocate them for spending, |
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send remaining funds (minus fee) to change address and sign it. |
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`wallet2.sign` will take raw transaction and sign it with according key. |
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After that we can just broadcast the transaction to the network. |
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[API-DOCS]: http://bcoin.io/api-docs/index.html |
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## Final Notes |
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I hope, this guide gives you opportunity to understand multisig transactions better and build apps on top of it. |
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You can play with this code and even build use it in production with small changes (e.g. rate estimation). |
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|
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Here are some other ideas for how to build out on top of the app we built in this guide: |
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- Build UI for configuring and initializing `m` and `n`. |
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- Add communication layer to exchange unsigned transactions and public keys securely. |
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- Bridge bcoin multisig to different wallets. |
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@ -0,0 +1,813 @@ |
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<!DOCTYPE html> |
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<html lang="en"> |
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<head> |
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<meta charset="UTF-8"> |
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> |
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<meta name="description" content=""> |
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<meta name="author" content=""> |
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|
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<title>bcoin | Extending Bitcoin into Enterprise & Production</title> |
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|
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<!-- START OF GUIDE --> |
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<h2 class="post-title panel-title">Creating Multi Signature Transactions</h2><ul class="post-meta"><li class="author">By Nodar Chkuaselidze</li></ul><h2 class="post-title panel-title">How It Works</h2><h4>General</h4><p>In bitcoin there are several transaction types and one of them is Multisig. Multisig addresses and transactions are created |
|||
from multiple private keys and can be used in multiple situations. For example, you can secure your funds using multiple |
|||
keys on multiple devices. If you want to spend transactions received on multisig address, you'll need to sign transactions |
|||
on both devices. As another example, in large companies where several people are in charge of funds, |
|||
they can create multisig addresses for company funds where you have multiple signatories. |
|||
This will improve the security of the funds from both internal and external threats since no one can |
|||
send a tx without the approval of other signatories. More examples of multisig applications can be |
|||
found on the <a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Multisignature#Multisignature_Applications">wiki</a>.</p> |
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<h4>Definition</h4><p>Multisig transactions have an <code>m-of-n</code> form, where <code>m</code> stands for number of signatures required to spend funds and <code>n</code> stands |
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for maximum number of pubkeys that are permitted to sign (<code>m <= n</code>). You can check the motivation |
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and specification in <a href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0011.mediawiki">BIP11</a>. We'll also be using the <a href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0016.mediawiki">Pay-to-Script-Hash(P2SH)</a> format for the script |
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and <a href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0013.mediawiki">its address format</a> for our addresses and for receiving the transactions.</p> |
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<h4>Address Creation</h4><p>When you want to create a multisig address, first you need to aggree on the numbers in <code>m-of-n</code>. If one of the |
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signatories chooses a different <code>m</code> or a different <code>n</code>, they'll end up with different addresses. |
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You also need to know the pubkey for all cosigners. |
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You can share these pubkeys however you want. Wallets support various ways for sharing pubkeys, using QR Codes |
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or sending base58check encoded strings. After you have collected all pubkeys and agreed on <code>m</code> and <code>n</code>, |
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you construct the multisig script and generate P2SH address from that. </p> |
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<h4>Spending Received Transaction</h4><p>After you've received a transaction on your multisig address, you can spend it if the minimum number of signatures are provided |
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in a signature script. </p> |
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<ol> |
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<li>You need all public keys, the same as were used in address generation. </li> |
|||
<li>From that you can construct the redeem script, that is the original script you constructed for address. </li> |
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<li>Once you have the redeem script, you can start creating the signature script which will be constructed according |
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to BIP11 and BIP16. </li> |
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<li>When you prepend your signature, you take this transaction (not yet fully valid) and send it to another pubkey owner, |
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who'll be signing next. The next person will do the same, until you have <code>m</code> signatures in the sigscript.</li> |
|||
</ol> |
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<p>After this process is done, your transaction is fully signed and you can broadcast your transaction.</p> |
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<h2 class="post-title panel-title">The Code</h2><h3>Manual construction</h3><p>In this setup, we won't be running a node or running any of the blockchain or wallet functionality of bcoin. |
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This is a slightly more abstract than constructing bare scripts ourselves.<br>We'll split code in multiple files and share keys using the current directory (So you can use fresh dir).</p> |
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<h3>Step 1: Address Creation</h3><p>In the following code, we'll import all necessary libraries, generate private and public keys, and create |
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a multisig address.</p> |
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<pre class="line-numbers language-js"><code class="line-numbers language-js"><span class="token string">'use strict'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'fs'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> bcoin <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'bcoin'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> KeyRing <span class="token operator">=</span> bcoin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keyring<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> Script <span class="token operator">=</span> bcoin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>script<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Network is important when creating addresses</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// and storing private keys, You don't want to accidentally spend</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// or confuse keys/transactions/addresses with different networks.</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> network <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'regtest'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// use compressed pubkeys</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// See notes in guide.</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> compressed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// This will generate two private keys</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// See notes in guide</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> ring1 <span class="token operator">=</span> KeyRing<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>compressed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> network<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> ring2 <span class="token operator">=</span> KeyRing<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>compressed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> network<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// export to wif for reimporting them later.</span> |
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fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">writeFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>network<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">-key1.wif`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ring1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toSecret</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>network<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">writeFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>network<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">-key2.wif`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ring2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toSecret</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>network<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// create 2-of-2 address</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> m <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> n <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> pubKeys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>ring1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ring2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// assemble multisig script from pubkeys and m-of-n</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> multiSigScript <span class="token operator">=</span> Script<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromMultisig</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>m<span class="token punctuation">,</span> n<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubKeys<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// now generate P2SH address</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> base58addr <span class="token operator">=</span> multiSigScript<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>network<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// store address too</span> |
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fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">writeFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>network<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">-address`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> base58addr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Print multisig address</span> |
|||
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token string">`Address: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>base58addr<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><hr> |
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<pre class="line-numbers language-js"><code class="line-numbers language-js"><span class="token keyword">const</span> ring1 <span class="token operator">=</span> KeyRing<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>compressed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> network<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><p>Here we generate a private key and public key pair. We need to provide |
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information about the network and public key format. There are two <a href="https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-guide#public-key-formats">Public key formats</a> |
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one compressed and one uncompressed. More details can be found at the <a href="https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-guide#public-key-formats">Bitcoin Developer Guide</a></p> |
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<h3>Step 2: Generate Transaction</h3><p>In this part, we assume that we received a transaction on the network with the following information:</p> |
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<blockquote> |
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<p>Transaction ID: 3b1dd17cc82e2ac43ba62bf8f1c6a0fe805df43911653d22c902571eb3a212ce<br>Output index: 0<br>Amount: 100 BTC </p> |
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</blockquote> |
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<p>We are going to send <code>50 BTC</code> to <code>RF1PJ1VkHG6H9dwoE2k19a5aigWcWr6Lsu</code> on the regtest network.</p> |
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<pre class="line-numbers language-js"><code class="line-numbers language-js"><span class="token string">'use strict'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'fs'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> assert <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'assert'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> bcoin <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'bcoin'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> KeyRing <span class="token operator">=</span> bcoin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keyring<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> Script <span class="token operator">=</span> bcoin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>script<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> MTX <span class="token operator">=</span> bcoin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mtx<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> Amount <span class="token operator">=</span> bcoin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> Coin <span class="token operator">=</span> bcoin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>coin<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> network <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'regtest'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// grab private keys</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> secret1 <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'./regtest-key1.wif'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> secret2 <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'./regtest-key2.wif'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// generate keyring object (pubkeys too)</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> ring1 <span class="token operator">=</span> KeyRing<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecret</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> ring2 <span class="token operator">=</span> KeyRing<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecret</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> m <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> n <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Each of them will have both pubkeys</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> pubkey1 <span class="token operator">=</span> ring1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> pubkey2 <span class="token operator">=</span> ring2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// the redeem</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> redeem <span class="token operator">=</span> Script<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromMultisig</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>m<span class="token punctuation">,</span> n<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pubkey1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey2<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// p2sh script</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> script <span class="token operator">=</span> Script<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromScripthash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>redeem<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">hash160</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// NOTE: we'll send change to the same address for simplicity</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// consider using HD Wallets and common Paths within HD Wallets.</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// See BIP45 for multisig paths.</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> changeAddr <span class="token operator">=</span> script<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>network<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// tx info</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> sendTo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'RF1PJ1VkHG6H9dwoE2k19a5aigWcWr6Lsu'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> txInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// How much we received with this transaction</span> |
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value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Amount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromBTC</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'100'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// prevout txid and vout</span> |
|||
hash<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'3b1dd17cc82e2ac43ba62bf8f1c6a0fe805df43911653d22c902571eb3a212ce'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
|||
index<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Coin provides information for the transaction</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// that is aggregated in CoinView within the mtx</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// and contains information about the previous output</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> coin <span class="token operator">=</span> Coin<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromJSON</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
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version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
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height<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
|||
value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> txInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
|||
coinbase<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
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|
|||
script<span class="token punctuation">:</span> script<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toJSON</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
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hash<span class="token punctuation">:</span> txInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>hash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
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index<span class="token punctuation">:</span> txInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Now we create mutable transaction object</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> spend1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">MTX</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// let's give redeemscript to ring1</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Later it will be used by signInput for</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// signing transaction</span> |
|||
ring1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>script <span class="token operator">=</span> redeem<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// send</span> |
|||
spend1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addOutput</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
address<span class="token punctuation">:</span> sendTo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
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value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Amount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromBTC</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'50'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Check notes below</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// send change to ourselves</span> |
|||
spend1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addOutput</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
address<span class="token punctuation">:</span> changeAddr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
|||
value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Amount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromBTC</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'49.99'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// We can manually add this coin</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// and this will also add input</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// to our transaction</span> |
|||
spend1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addCoin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>coin<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// scriptInput will assemble redeem and create</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// space for signatures in the script.</span> |
|||
spend1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">scriptInput</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> coin<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ring1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// all info is here, all is left is to sign</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// First signs first one and sends signed tx</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// to another person for signing.</span> |
|||
spend1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">signInput</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> coin<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ring1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Now we can take raw transaction and do the same</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// thing with second user.</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> raw <span class="token operator">=</span> spend1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toRaw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// let's simulate sending raw tx to another user</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> spend2 <span class="token operator">=</span> MTX<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromRaw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>raw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// information provided before `new MTX` in spend1</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// is common for both, both need to construct them</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// ring2 needs redeem script too, for signing input</span> |
|||
spend2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>script <span class="token operator">=</span> redeem<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Because input already exists in transaction</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// we only need to provide Coin to CoinView</span> |
|||
spend2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>view<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addCoin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>coin<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// now we sign</span> |
|||
spend2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">signInput</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> coin<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ring2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// We are done.</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Both users signed the transactions</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Let's make sure that the transaction is valid</span> |
|||
<span class="token function">assert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>spend2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Transaction isnt valid.'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>spend2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toRaw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'hex'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><p>Since there's a lot of code here, I wanted to review a couple of sections. |
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This snippet below will return a raw transaction and also makes sure the |
|||
transaction has all the signatures.</p> |
|||
<hr> |
|||
<pre class="line-numbers language-js"><code class="line-numbers language-js"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// send change to ourselves </span> |
|||
spend1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addOutput</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
address<span class="token punctuation">:</span> changeAddr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
|||
value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Amount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromBTC</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'49.99'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// We can manually add this coin</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// and this will also add input</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// to our transaction</span> |
|||
spend1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addCoin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>coin<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><p>In this next snippet we send change to ourselves and specify it manually. |
|||
Alternatively, we could also use <code>MTX.prototype.fund</code> which automatically |
|||
allocates coins to outputs, based on the amounts they need and |
|||
also calculate change and append a new output for it.<br>Instead of the code above, we could have simpler and more automated</p> |
|||
<p>calculations:</p> |
|||
<pre class="line-numbers language-js"><code class="line-numbers language-js"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// this will automatically select coins and</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// send change back to our address</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">await</span> spend1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fund</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>coin<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
rate<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
|||
|
|||
changeAddress<span class="token punctuation">:</span> changeAddr |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><h2 class="post-title panel-title">Using Wallet API</h2><p>While it's possible to use <code>bcoin</code> for manually constructing a transaction with just private keys, it's not |
|||
convenient to handle all logic manually, and even more complex to deal with all HD wallet logic. So if you have a bcoin node running and you have access to it via HTTP, you can use <code>bcoin.http.Client</code> and <code>bcoin.http.Wallet</code>. These classes |
|||
provide all API methods described on bcoin and will communicate with the node's Wallets.</p> |
|||
<p><em>NOTE: You can check <a href="http://bcoin.io/api-docs/index.html">API Docs</a></em></p> |
|||
<h3>Step 1: Address Creation</h3><p>In this step we'll create two new wallets for two cosigners. In this demo, they will exist on same node, |
|||
but it shouldn't matter if these two wallets are on the same node or not.</p> |
|||
<pre class="line-numbers language-js"><code class="line-numbers language-js"><span class="token string">'use strict'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> assert <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'assert'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> bcoin <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'../bcoin'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> bcoin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>http<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> network <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'regtest'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> m <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> n <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Wrapper for skipping errors, when you rerun the script</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// It could have been as simple as</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// await client.createWallet(options);</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createMultisigWallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">createMultisigWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> options<span class="token punctuation">,</span> skipExists<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
<span class="token function">assert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client <span class="token keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="token class-name">Client</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'client should be bcoin.http.Client'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token function">assert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>options<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'You need to provide id in options'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> defaultOpts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'multisig'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
|||
m<span class="token punctuation">:</span> m<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
|||
n<span class="token punctuation">:</span> n |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>defaultOpts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> options<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token keyword">let</span> res<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
res <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>defaultOpts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>skipExists <span class="token operator">&&</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span>message <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">'WDB: Wallet already exists.'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> e<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token keyword">return</span> res<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Wrapper for skipping errors, when you rerun the script</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// It could have been as simple as</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// await client.addSharedKey(account, xpubkey);</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> addSharedKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">addSharedKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> xpubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> skipRemoveError<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
<span class="token function">assert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client <span class="token keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="token class-name">Wallet</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'client should be bcoin.http.Wallet'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token function">assert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'should provide account'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token function">assert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xpubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'should provide xpubkey'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token keyword">let</span> res<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
res <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSharedKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> xpubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">.</span>message <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">'Cannot remove key.'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> e<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token keyword">return</span> res<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> network <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Let's create wallets if they don't exist</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMultisigWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'cosigner1'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMultisigWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'cosigner2'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Initialize wallet http clients</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// They will be talking to Node's API</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Wallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'cosigner1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> network <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Wallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'cosigner2'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> network <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// This isn't strictly necessary, but you can either create new</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// accounts under wallets and use them</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet1account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'default'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet2account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'default'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Both wallets need to exchange XPUBKEYs to each other</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// in order to generate receiving and change addresses.</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Let's take it from the default account.</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet1info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> wallet1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet2info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> wallet2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Grab the xpubkey from wallet, we need to share them</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet1xpubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> wallet1info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accountKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet2xpubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> wallet2info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accountKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Here we share xpubkeys to each other</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">addSharedKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet1account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet2xpubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">addSharedKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet2account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet1xpubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Now we can get address from both wallets</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// NOTE: that both wallets should be on the same index</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// (depth) of derivation to geth the same addresses</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// NOTE: Each time you createAddress index(depth) is</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// incremented an new address is generated</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> address1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> wallet1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet1account<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> address2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> wallet2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet2account<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Address for both shouuld be the same</span> |
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Unless they were run separately. (Or by manually triggering API)</span> |
|||
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>address1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>address2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
|||
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
process<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><p>You will notice that we grab the <code>.account.accountKey</code>, first key is the xpubkey |
|||
and both will be using xpubkey key derivation to come up with new addresses. |
|||
You won't need to share any other public keys, they will derive them for you. |
|||
Depth of the account is the only thing you'll need to keep in mind.<br><a href="http://bcoin.io/api-docs/index.html#add-xpubkey-multisig">addSharedKey</a> in |
|||
wallet/account is used for adding cosigner xpubkeys keys.</p> |
|||
<h3>Step 2: Generate Transaction</h3><p>We have received transaction</p> |
|||
<blockquote> |
|||
<p>Transaction ID: 3c12e1b260354fd2a2848030222c4a66339892f1d63b18752ff80ef4eb0197d2<br>Output index: 0<br>Amount: 100 BTC </p> |
|||
</blockquote> |
|||
<p>We are going to send <code>1 BTC</code> to <code>RBg1TLaNuRpH6UTFzogFXhjqubPYZaqWgs</code> on the regtest network.</p> |
|||
<p>We won't need transaction ID and output index when using wallet API. It will be automatically |
|||
allocated from coins by bcoin node wallet service.</p> |
|||
<pre class="line-numbers language-js"><code class="line-numbers language-js"><span class="token string">'use strict'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
|||
|
|||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> bcoin <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'../bcoin'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> bcoin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>http<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> Amount <span class="token operator">=</span> bcoin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> network <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'regtest'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> sendTo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'RBg1TLaNuRpH6UTFzogFXhjqubPYZaqWgs'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> network <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Wallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'cosigner1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> network <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Wallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'cosigner2'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> network <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Because we can't sign and spend from account</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// We can't use `spend` as we do with normal transactions</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// since it immediately publishes to the network </span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// and we need other signatures first.</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// So we first create the transaction</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> outputs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> address<span class="token punctuation">:</span> sendTo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Amount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromBTC</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> options <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// rate: 1000,</span> |
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outputs<span class="token punctuation">:</span> outputs |
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// This will automatically find coins and fund the transaction (Sign it),</span> |
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// also create changeAddress and calculate fee</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> tx1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> wallet1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTX</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>options<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Now you can share this raw output </span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> raw <span class="token operator">=</span> tx1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>hex<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Wallet2 will also sign the transaction</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> tx2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> wallet2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>raw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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|
|||
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Now we can broadcast this transaction to the network</span> |
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> broadcast <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">broadcast</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>hex<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>broadcast<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
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console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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process<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><p>Here you can see it's much cleaner and easier. |
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We still need to manually, using other means, share |
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raw transaction data for signing.</p> |
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<p><code>wallet1.createTX(options)</code> will automatically find the coins |
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sent to the multisig wallet, allocate them for spending, |
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send remaining funds (minus fee) to change address and sign it.</p> |
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<p><code>wallet2.sign</code> will take raw transaction and sign it with according key. |
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After that we can just broadcast the transaction to the network.</p> |
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<h2 class="post-title panel-title">Final Notes</h2><p>I hope, this guide gives you opportunity to understand multisig transactions better and build apps on top of it. |
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You can play with this code and even build use it in production with small changes (e.g. rate estimation).</p> |
|||
<p>Here are some other ideas for how to build out on top of the app we built in this guide:</p> |
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<ul> |
|||
<li>Build UI for configuring and initializing <code>m</code> and <code>n</code>.</li> |
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<li>Add communication layer to exchange unsigned transactions and public keys securely.</li> |
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<li>Bridge bcoin multisig to different wallets.</li> |
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</ul> |
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|
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|
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<!-- END OF GUIDE --> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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|||
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<section class="module bg-white-alfa-30 parallax color-white" data-background="../assets/images/bg-header.jpg"> |
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<div class="container"> |
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<div class="row"> |
|||
<div class="col-sm-12"> |
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<div class="text-center"> |
|||
<h2 class="montserrat text-uppercase m-b-30">Ready to start building? Read the docs!</h2> |
|||
<a href="http://bcoin.io/docs/index.html" target="_blank" class="btn btn-lg btn-purple">Documentation</a> |
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<ul class="social-icons social-icons-circle text-center m-b-35"> |
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<li><a href="https://twitter.com/bcoin"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li> |
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<li><a href="https://github.com/bcoin-org/bcoin"><i class="fa fa-github"></i></a></li> |
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<li><a href="../slack-signup.html" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-slack"></i></a></li> |
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<div class="row"> |
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<div class="col-sm-12 text-center m-b-35"> |
|||
<img class="m-b-35 QR-code" src="../assets/images/donation_QR.png"/> |
|||
<p class="m-0"><strong>Bcoin Development Donation Address:</strong><br />3Bi9H1hzCHWJoFEjc4xzVzEMywi35dyvsV</p> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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<div class="row"> |
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<div class="col-sm-12 text-center"> |
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<p class="m-0">Copyright <a href="#">bcoin.io, Purse</a>, 2017, All Rights Reserved.</p> |
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