Compiler for assignments.

libsolidity/AST.cpp

@@ -326,6 +326,8 @@ void Assignment::checkTypeRequirements()
 	//@todo lefthandside actually has to be assignable
 	// add a feature to the type system to check that
 	m_leftHandSide->checkTypeRequirements();
+	if (!m_leftHandSide->isLvalue())
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(createTypeError("Expression has to be an lvalue."));
 	expectType(*m_rightHandSide, *m_leftHandSide->getType());
 	m_type = m_leftHandSide->getType();
 	if (m_assigmentOperator != Token::ASSIGN)
@@ -338,8 +340,13 @@ void Assignment::checkTypeRequirements()
 
 void UnaryOperation::checkTypeRequirements()
 {
-	// INC, DEC, NOT, BIT_NOT, DELETE
+	// INC, DEC, ADD, SUB, NOT, BIT_NOT, DELETE
 	m_subExpression->checkTypeRequirements();
+	if (m_operator == Token::Value::INC || m_operator == Token::Value::DEC || m_operator == Token::Value::DELETE)
+	{
+		if (!m_subExpression->isLvalue())
+			BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(createTypeError("Expression has to be an lvalue."));
+	}
 	m_type = m_subExpression->getType();
 	if (!m_type->acceptsUnaryOperator(m_operator))
 		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(createTypeError("Unary operator not compatible with type."));
@@ -441,9 +448,9 @@ void Identifier::checkTypeRequirements()
 	if (variable)
 	{
 		if (!variable->getType())
-			BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(createTypeError("Variable referenced before type "
-														   "could be determined."));
+			BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(createTypeError("Variable referenced before type could be determined."));
 		m_type = variable->getType();
+		m_isLvalue = true;
 		return;
 	}
 	//@todo can we unify these with TypeName::toType()?

libsolidity/AST.h

@@ -402,13 +402,17 @@ private:
 class Expression: public Statement
 {
 public:
-	Expression(Location const& _location): Statement(_location) {}
+	Expression(Location const& _location): Statement(_location), m_isLvalue(false) {}
 
 	std::shared_ptr<Type const> const& getType() const { return m_type; }
+	bool isLvalue() const { return m_isLvalue; }
 
 protected:
 	//! Inferred type of the expression, only filled after a call to checkTypeRequirements().
 	std::shared_ptr<Type const> m_type;
+	//! Whether or not this expression is an lvalue, i.e. something that can be assigned to.
+	//! This is set during calls to @a checkTypeRequirements()
+	bool m_isLvalue;
 };
 
 /// @}
@@ -492,6 +496,9 @@ public:
 	virtual void accept(ASTVisitor& _visitor) override;
 	virtual void checkTypeRequirements() override;
 
+	Expression& getExpression() const { return *m_expression; }
+	std::vector<ASTPointer<Expression>> const& getArguments() const { return m_arguments; }
+
 	/// Returns true if this is not an actual function call, but an explicit type conversion
 	/// or constructor call.
 	bool isTypeConversion() const;

libsolidity/Compiler.cpp

@@ -81,22 +81,29 @@ AssemblyItems ExpressionCompiler::compileExpression(CompilerContext& _context,
 	return compiler.getAssemblyItems();
 }
 
-void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(Assignment& _assignment)
+bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(Assignment& _assignment)
 {
+	m_currentLValue = nullptr;
+	_assignment.getLeftHandSide().accept(*this);
+
 	Expression& rightHandSide = _assignment.getRightHandSide();
 	Token::Value op = _assignment.getAssignmentOperator();
 	if (op != Token::ASSIGN)
 	{
 		// compound assignment
-		// @todo retrieve lvalue value
 		rightHandSide.accept(*this);
 		Type const& resultType = *_assignment.getType();
 		cleanHigherOrderBitsIfNeeded(*rightHandSide.getType(), resultType);
 		appendOrdinaryBinaryOperatorCode(Token::AssignmentToBinaryOp(op), resultType);
 	}
 	else
+	{
+		append(eth::Instruction::POP); //@todo do not retrieve the value in the first place
 		rightHandSide.accept(*this);
-	// @todo store value
+	}
+
+	storeInLValue(_assignment);
+	return false;
 }
 
 void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(UnaryOperation& _unaryOperation)
@@ -114,30 +121,31 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(UnaryOperation& _unaryOperation)
 		append(eth::Instruction::BNOT);
 		break;
 	case Token::DELETE: // delete
+	{
 		// a -> a xor a (= 0).
-		// @todo this should also be an assignment
 		// @todo semantics change for complex types
 		append(eth::Instruction::DUP1);
 		append(eth::Instruction::XOR);
+		storeInLValue(_unaryOperation);
 		break;
+	}
 	case Token::INC: // ++ (pre- or postfix)
-		// @todo this should also be an assignment
-		if (_unaryOperation.isPrefixOperation())
-		{
+	case Token::DEC: // -- (pre- or postfix)
+		if (!_unaryOperation.isPrefixOperation())
+			append(eth::Instruction::DUP1);
 		append(eth::Instruction::PUSH1);
 		append(1);
+		if (_unaryOperation.getOperator() == Token::INC)
 			append(eth::Instruction::ADD);
-		}
-		break;
-	case Token::DEC: // -- (pre- or postfix)
-		// @todo this should also be an assignment
-		if (_unaryOperation.isPrefixOperation())
+		else
 		{
-			append(eth::Instruction::PUSH1);
-			append(1);
 			append(eth::Instruction::SWAP1); //@todo avoid this
 			append(eth::Instruction::SUB);
 		}
+		if (_unaryOperation.isPrefixOperation())
+			storeInLValue(_unaryOperation);
+		else
+			moveToLValue(_unaryOperation);
 		break;
 	case Token::ADD: // +
 		// unary add, so basically no-op
@@ -190,28 +198,38 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(FunctionCall& _functionCall)
 {
 	if (_functionCall.isTypeConversion())
 	{
-		//@todo binary representation for all supported types (bool and int) is the same, so no-op
-		// here for now.
+		//@todo we only have integers and bools for now which cannot be explicitly converted
+		assert(_functionCall.getArguments().size() == 1);
+		cleanHigherOrderBitsIfNeeded(*_functionCall.getArguments().front()->getType(),
+									 *_functionCall.getType());
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		//@todo
+		//@todo: arguments are already on the stack
+		// push return label (below arguments?)
+		// jump to function label
+		// discard all but the first function return argument
 	}
 }
 
-void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(MemberAccess& _memberAccess)
+void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(MemberAccess&)
 {
 
 }
 
-void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(IndexAccess& _indexAccess)
+void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(IndexAccess&)
 {
 
 }
 
 void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(Identifier& _identifier)
 {
-
+	m_currentLValue = _identifier.getReferencedDeclaration();
+	unsigned stackPos = stackPositionOfLValue();
+	if (stackPos >= 15) //@todo correct this by fetching earlier or moving to memory
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError() << errinfo_sourceLocation(_identifier.getLocation())
+											  << errinfo_comment("Stack too deep."));
+	appendDup(stackPos + 1);
 }
 
 void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(Literal& _literal)
@@ -224,7 +242,7 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(Literal& _literal)
 		bytes value = _literal.getType()->literalToBigEndian(_literal);
 		assert(value.size() <= 32);
 		assert(!value.empty());
-		append(static_cast<byte>(eth::Instruction::PUSH1) + static_cast<byte>(value.size() - 1));
+		appendPush(value.size());
 		append(value);
 		break;
 	}
@@ -391,6 +409,24 @@ uint32_t ExpressionCompiler::appendConditionalJump()
 	return label;
 }
 
+void ExpressionCompiler::appendPush(unsigned _number)
+{
+	assert(1 <= _number && _number <= 32);
+	append(eth::Instruction(unsigned(eth::Instruction::PUSH1) + _number - 1));
+}
+
+void ExpressionCompiler::appendDup(unsigned _number)
+{
+	assert(1 <= _number && _number <= 16);
+	append(eth::Instruction(unsigned(eth::Instruction::DUP1) + _number - 1));
+}
+
+void ExpressionCompiler::appendSwap(unsigned _number)
+{
+	assert(1 <= _number && _number <= 16);
+	append(eth::Instruction(unsigned(eth::Instruction::SWAP1) + _number - 1));
+}
+
 void ExpressionCompiler::append(bytes const& _data)
 {
 	m_assemblyItems.reserve(m_assemblyItems.size() + _data.size());
@@ -398,6 +434,37 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::append(bytes const& _data)
 		append(b);
 }
 
+void ExpressionCompiler::storeInLValue(Expression const& _expression)
+{
+	assert(m_currentLValue);
+	moveToLValue(_expression);
+	unsigned stackPos = stackPositionOfLValue();
+	if (stackPos > 16)
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError() << errinfo_sourceLocation(_expression.getLocation())
+											  << errinfo_comment("Stack too deep."));
+	if (stackPos >= 1)
+		appendDup(stackPos);
+}
+
+void ExpressionCompiler::moveToLValue(Expression const& _expression)
+{
+	assert(m_currentLValue);
+	unsigned stackPos = stackPositionOfLValue();
+	if (stackPos > 16)
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError() << errinfo_sourceLocation(_expression.getLocation())
+											  << errinfo_comment("Stack too deep."));
+	else if (stackPos > 0)
+	{
+		appendSwap(stackPos);
+		append(eth::Instruction::POP);
+	}
+}
+
+unsigned ExpressionCompiler::stackPositionOfLValue() const
+{
+	return 8; // @todo ask the context and track stack changes due to m_assemblyItems
+}
+
 
 
 }

libsolidity/Compiler.h

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ private:
 class ExpressionCompiler: public ASTVisitor
 {
 public:
-	ExpressionCompiler(CompilerContext& _compilerContext): m_context(_compilerContext) {}
+	ExpressionCompiler(CompilerContext& _compilerContext): m_currentLValue(nullptr), m_context(_compilerContext) {}
 
 	/// Compile the given expression and (re-)populate the assembly item list.
 	void compile(Expression& _expression);
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public:
 	static AssemblyItems compileExpression(CompilerContext& _context, Expression& _expression);
 
 private:
-	virtual void endVisit(Assignment& _assignment) override;
+	virtual bool visit(Assignment& _assignment) override;
 	virtual void endVisit(UnaryOperation& _unaryOperation) override;
 	virtual bool visit(BinaryOperation& _binaryOperation) override;
 	virtual void endVisit(FunctionCall& _functionCall) override;
@@ -123,6 +123,9 @@ private:
 
 	/// Appends a JUMPI instruction to a new label and returns the label
 	uint32_t appendConditionalJump();
+	void appendPush(unsigned _number);
+	void appendDup(unsigned _number);
+	void appendSwap(unsigned _number);
 
 	/// Append elements to the current instruction list.
 	void append(eth::Instruction const& _instruction) { m_assemblyItems.push_back(AssemblyItem(_instruction)); }
@@ -131,6 +134,15 @@ private:
 	void appendLabelref(byte _label) { m_assemblyItems.push_back(AssemblyItem::labelRef(_label)); }
 	void appendLabel(byte _label) { m_assemblyItems.push_back(AssemblyItem::label(_label)); }
 
+	/// Stores the value on top of the stack in the current lvalue and copies that value to the
+	/// top of the stack again
+	void storeInLValue(Expression const& _expression);
+	/// The same as storeInLValue but do not again retrieve the value to the top of the stack.
+	void moveToLValue(Expression const& _expression);
+	/// Returns the position of @a m_currentLValue in the stack, where 0 is the top of the stack.
+	unsigned stackPositionOfLValue() const;
+
+	Declaration* m_currentLValue;
 	AssemblyItems m_assemblyItems;
 	CompilerContext& m_context;
 };

libsolidity/Exceptions.h

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ namespace solidity
 struct ParserError: virtual Exception {};
 struct TypeError: virtual Exception {};
 struct DeclarationError: virtual Exception {};
+struct CompilerError: virtual Exception {};
 
 typedef boost::error_info<struct tag_sourcePosition, int> errinfo_sourcePosition;
 typedef boost::error_info<struct tag_sourceLocation, Location> errinfo_sourceLocation;

solc/main.cpp

@@ -34,25 +34,24 @@
 #include <libsolidity/Compiler.h>
 #include <libsolidity/SourceReferenceFormatter.h>
 
+using namespace std;
 using namespace dev;
 using namespace solidity;
 
 void help()
 {
-	std::cout
-			<< "Usage solc [OPTIONS] <file>" << std::endl
-			<< "Options:" << std::endl
-			<< "    -h,--help  Show this help message and exit." << std::endl
-			<< "    -V,--version  Show the version and exit." << std::endl;
+	cout << "Usage solc [OPTIONS] <file>" << endl
+		 << "Options:" << endl
+		 << "    -h,--help  Show this help message and exit." << endl
+		 << "    -V,--version  Show the version and exit." << endl;
 	exit(0);
 }
 
 void version()
 {
-	std::cout
-			<< "solc, the solidity complier commandline interface " << dev::Version << std::endl
-			<< "  by Christian <c@ethdev.com>, (c) 2014." << std::endl
-			<< "Build: " << DEV_QUOTED(ETH_BUILD_PLATFORM) << "/" << DEV_QUOTED(ETH_BUILD_TYPE) << std::endl;
+	cout << "solc, the solidity complier commandline interface " << dev::Version << endl
+		 << "  by Christian <c@ethdev.com>, (c) 2014." << endl
+		 << "Build: " << DEV_QUOTED(ETH_BUILD_PLATFORM) << "/" << DEV_QUOTED(ETH_BUILD_TYPE) << endl;
 	exit(0);
 }
 
@@ -87,10 +86,10 @@ private:
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
-	std::string infile;
+	string infile;
 	for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
 	{
-		std::string arg = argv[i];
+		string arg = argv[i];
 		if (arg == "-h" || arg == "--help")
 			help();
 		else if (arg == "-V" || arg == "--version")
@@ -98,13 +97,13 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 		else
 			infile = argv[i];
 	}
-	std::string sourceCode;
+	string sourceCode;
 	if (infile.empty())
 	{
-		std::string s;
-		while (!std::cin.eof())
+		string s;
+		while (!cin.eof())
 		{
-			getline(std::cin, s);
+			getline(cin, s);
 			sourceCode.append(s);
 		}
 	}
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 		sourceCode = asString(dev::contents(infile));
 
 	ASTPointer<ContractDefinition> ast;
-	std::shared_ptr<Scanner> scanner = std::make_shared<Scanner>(CharStream(sourceCode));
+	shared_ptr<Scanner> scanner = make_shared<Scanner>(CharStream(sourceCode));
 	Parser parser;
 	try
 	{
@@ -120,39 +119,48 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 	}
 	catch (ParserError const& exception)
 	{
-		SourceReferenceFormatter::printExceptionInformation(std::cerr, exception, "Parser error", *scanner);
+		SourceReferenceFormatter::printExceptionInformation(cerr, exception, "Parser error", *scanner);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	dev::solidity::NameAndTypeResolver resolver;
+	NameAndTypeResolver resolver;
 	try
 	{
 		resolver.resolveNamesAndTypes(*ast.get());
 	}
 	catch (DeclarationError const& exception)
 	{
-		SourceReferenceFormatter::printExceptionInformation(std::cerr, exception, "Declaration error", *scanner);
+		SourceReferenceFormatter::printExceptionInformation(cerr, exception, "Declaration error", *scanner);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	catch (TypeError const& exception)
 	{
-		SourceReferenceFormatter::printExceptionInformation(std::cerr, exception, "Type error", *scanner);
+		SourceReferenceFormatter::printExceptionInformation(cerr, exception, "Type error", *scanner);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	std::cout << "Syntax tree for the contract:" << std::endl;
+	cout << "Syntax tree for the contract:" << endl;
 	dev::solidity::ASTPrinter printer(ast, sourceCode);
-	printer.print(std::cout);
+	printer.print(cout);
 
 	FirstExpressionExtractor extractor(*ast);
 
 	CompilerContext context;
 	ExpressionCompiler compiler(context);
+	try
+	{
 		compiler.compile(*extractor.getExpression());
+	}
+	catch (CompilerError const& exception)
+	{
+		SourceReferenceFormatter::printExceptionInformation(cerr, exception, "Compiler error", *scanner);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
 	bytes instructions = compiler.getAssembledBytecode();
-	// debug
-	std::cout << "Bytecode for the first expression: " << std::endl;
-	std::cout << eth::disassemble(instructions) << std::endl;
+
+	cout << "Bytecode for the first expression: " << endl;
+	cout << eth::disassemble(instructions) << endl;
 
 	return 0;
 }

test/solidityCompiler.cpp

@@ -200,22 +200,74 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(arithmetics)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(unary_operators)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = "contract test {\n"
-							 "  function f() { var x = !(~+-(--(++1++)--) == 2); }"
+							 "  function f() { var x = !(~+-1 == 2); }"
 							 "}\n";
 	bytes code = compileFirstExpression(sourceCode);
 
 	bytes expectation({byte(eth::Instruction::PUSH1), 0x1,
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::PUSH1), 0x0,
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::SUB),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::BNOT),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::PUSH1), 0x2,
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::EQ),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::NOT)});
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(code.begin(), code.end(), expectation.begin(), expectation.end());
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(unary_inc_dec)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = "contract test {\n"
+							 "  function f(uint a) { var x = ((a++ ^ ++a) ^ a--) ^ --a; }"
+							 "}\n";
+	bytes code = compileFirstExpression(sourceCode);
+
+	bytes expectation({byte(eth::Instruction::DUP9), // will change as soon as we have real stack tracking
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::DUP1),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::PUSH1), 0x1,
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::ADD),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::SWAP8), // will change
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::POP), // first ++
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::DUP9),
 					   byte(eth::Instruction::PUSH1), 0x1,
 					   byte(eth::Instruction::ADD),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::SWAP8), // will change
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::POP), // second ++
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::DUP8), // will change
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::XOR),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::DUP9), // will change
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::DUP1),
 					   byte(eth::Instruction::PUSH1), 0x1,
 					   byte(eth::Instruction::SWAP1),
 					   byte(eth::Instruction::SUB),
-					   byte(eth::Instruction::PUSH1), 0x0,
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::SWAP8), // will change
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::POP), // first --
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::XOR),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::DUP9),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::PUSH1), 0x1,
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::SWAP1),
 					   byte(eth::Instruction::SUB),
-					   byte(eth::Instruction::BNOT),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::SWAP8), // will change
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::POP), // second ++
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::DUP8), // will change
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::XOR)});
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(code.begin(), code.end(), expectation.begin(), expectation.end());
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(assignment)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = "contract test {\n"
+							 "  function f(uint a, uint b) { (a += b) * 2; }"
+							 "}\n";
+	bytes code = compileFirstExpression(sourceCode);
+
+	bytes expectation({byte(eth::Instruction::DUP9), // will change as soon as we have real stack tracking
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::DUP9),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::ADD),
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::SWAP8), // will change
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::POP), // first ++
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::DUP8),
 					   byte(eth::Instruction::PUSH1), 0x2,
-					   byte(eth::Instruction::EQ),
-					   byte(eth::Instruction::NOT)});
+					   byte(eth::Instruction::MUL)});
 	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(code.begin(), code.end(), expectation.begin(), expectation.end());
 }