Merge branch 'develop' of github.com:ethereum/cpp-ethereum into develop

evmjit/libevmjit-cpp/JitVM.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace eth
 
 extern "C" void env_sload(); // fake declaration for linker symbol stripping workaround, see a call below
 
-bytesConstRef JitVM::go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp, uint64_t _step)
+bytesConstRef JitVM::execImpl(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp)
 {
 	using namespace jit;
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ bytesConstRef JitVM::go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp, ui
 	{
 		cwarn << "Execution rejected by EVM JIT (gas limit: " << io_gas << "), executing with interpreter";
 		m_fallbackVM = VMFactory::create(VMKind::Interpreter);
-		return m_fallbackVM->go(io_gas, _ext, _onOp, _step);
+		return m_fallbackVM->execImpl(io_gas, _ext, _onOp);
 	}
 
 	m_data.gas 			= static_cast<decltype(m_data.gas)>(io_gas);

evmjit/libevmjit-cpp/JitVM.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace eth
 class JitVM: public VMFace
 {
 public:
-	virtual bytesConstRef go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp = {}, uint64_t _steps = (uint64_t)-1) override final;
+	virtual bytesConstRef execImpl(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp) override final;
 
 private:
 	jit::RuntimeData m_data;

libdevcrypto/Common.cpp

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ using namespace dev::crypto;
 
 static Secp256k1 s_secp256k1;
 
-bool dev::SignatureStruct::isValid() const
+bool dev::SignatureStruct::isValid() const noexcept
 {
 	if (v > 1 ||
 		r >= h256("0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364141") ||

libdevcrypto/Common.h

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ struct SignatureStruct
 	operator Signature() const { return *(h520 const*)this; }
 
 	/// @returns true if r,s,v values are valid, otherwise false
-	bool isValid() const;
+	bool isValid() const noexcept;
 
 	h256 r;
 	h256 s;

libethereum/Client.cpp

@@ -429,9 +429,10 @@ ExecutionResult Client::call(Address _dest, bytes const& _data, u256 _gas, u256
 			temp = m_postMine;
 		temp.addBalance(_from, _value + _gasPrice * _gas);
 		Executive e(temp, LastHashes(), 0);
+		e.setResultRecipient(ret);
 		if (!e.call(_dest, _from, _value, _gasPrice, &_data, _gas))
 			e.go();
-		ret = e.executionResult();
+		e.finalize();
 	}
 	catch (...)
 	{

libethereum/Executive.cpp

@@ -45,11 +45,6 @@ u256 Executive::gasUsed() const
 	return m_t.gas() - m_gas;
 }
 
-ExecutionResult Executive::executionResult() const
-{
-	return ExecutionResult(gasUsed(), m_excepted, m_newAddress, m_out, m_codeDeposit, m_ext ? m_ext->sub.refunds : 0, m_depositSize, m_gasForDeposit);
-}
-
 void Executive::accrueSubState(SubState& _parentContext)
 {
 	if (m_ext)
@@ -146,8 +141,7 @@ bool Executive::call(CallParameters const& _p, u256 const& _gasPrice, Address co
 		else
 		{
 			m_gas = (u256)(_p.gas - g);
-			m_precompiledOut = it->second.exec(_p.data);
-			m_out = &m_precompiledOut;
+			it->second.exec(_p.data, _p.out);
 		}
 	}
 	else
@@ -155,7 +149,7 @@ bool Executive::call(CallParameters const& _p, u256 const& _gasPrice, Address co
 		m_gas = _p.gas;
 		if (m_s.addressHasCode(_p.codeAddress))
 		{
-			m_vm = VMFactory::create();
+			m_outRef = _p.out; // Save ref to expected output buffer to be used in go()
 			bytes const& c = m_s.code(_p.codeAddress);
 			m_ext = make_shared<ExtVM>(m_s, m_lastHashes, _p.receiveAddress, _p.senderAddress, _origin, _p.value, _gasPrice, _p.data, &c, m_depth);
 		}
@@ -177,10 +171,7 @@ bool Executive::create(Address _sender, u256 _endowment, u256 _gasPrice, u256 _g
 
 	// Execute _init.
 	if (!_init.empty())
-	{
-		m_vm = VMFactory::create();
 		m_ext = make_shared<ExtVM>(m_s, m_lastHashes, m_newAddress, _sender, _origin, _endowment, _gasPrice, bytesConstRef(), _init, m_depth);
-	}
 
 	m_s.m_cache[m_newAddress] = Account(m_s.balance(m_newAddress), Account::ContractConception);
 	m_s.transferBalance(_sender, m_newAddress, _endowment);
@@ -231,36 +222,48 @@ OnOpFunc Executive::standardTrace(ostream& o_output)
 
 bool Executive::go(OnOpFunc const& _onOp)
 {
-	if (m_vm)
+	if (m_ext)
 	{
 #if ETH_TIMED_EXECUTIONS
 		boost::timer t;
 #endif
 		try
 		{
-			m_out = m_vm->go(m_gas, *m_ext, _onOp);
-
+			auto vm = VMFactory::create();
 			if (m_isCreation)
 			{
-				m_gasForDeposit = m_gas;
-				m_depositSize = m_out.size();
-				if (m_out.size() * c_createDataGas <= m_gas)
+				auto out = vm->exec(m_gas, *m_ext, _onOp);
+				if (m_res)
 				{
-					m_codeDeposit = CodeDeposit::Success;
-					m_gas -= m_out.size() * c_createDataGas;
+					m_res->gasForDeposit = m_gas;
+					m_res->depositSize = out.size();
 				}
-				else
+				if (out.size() * c_createDataGas <= m_gas)
 				{
-
-					m_codeDeposit = CodeDeposit::Failed;
-					m_out.reset();
+					if (m_res)
+						m_res->codeDeposit = CodeDeposit::Success;
+					m_gas -= out.size() * c_createDataGas;
 				}
-				m_s.m_cache[m_newAddress].setCode(m_out.toBytes());
+				else
+				{
+					if (m_res)
+						m_res->codeDeposit = CodeDeposit::Failed;
+					out.clear();
 				}
+				if (m_res)
+					m_res->output = out; // copy output to execution result
+				m_s.m_cache[m_newAddress].setCode(std::move(out)); // FIXME: Set only if Success?
 			}
-		catch (StepsDone const&)
+			else
+			{
+				if (m_res)
 				{
-			return false;
+					m_res->output = vm->exec(m_gas, *m_ext, _onOp); // take full output
+					bytesConstRef{&m_res->output}.copyTo(m_outRef);
+				}
+				else
+					vm->exec(m_gas, *m_ext, m_outRef, _onOp); // take only expected output
+			}
 		}
 		catch (VMException const& _e)
 		{
@@ -314,4 +317,12 @@ void Executive::finalize()
 	// Logs..
 	if (m_ext)
 		m_logs = m_ext->sub.logs;
+
+	if (m_res) // Collect results
+	{
+		m_res->gasUsed = gasUsed();
+		m_res->excepted = m_excepted; // TODO: m_except is used only in ExtVM::call
+		m_res->newAddress = m_newAddress;
+		m_res->gasRefunded = m_ext ? m_ext->sub.refunds : 0;
+	}
 }

libethereum/Executive.h

@@ -112,30 +112,25 @@ public:
 
 	/// @returns gas remaining after the transaction/operation. Valid after the transaction has been executed.
 	u256 gas() const { return m_gas; }
-	/// @returns output data of the transaction/operation.
-	bytesConstRef out() const { return m_out; }
+
 	/// @returns the new address for the created contract in the CREATE operation.
 	h160 newAddress() const { return m_newAddress; }
 	/// @returns true iff the operation ended with a VM exception.
 	bool excepted() const { return m_excepted != TransactionException::None; }
 
-	/// Get the above in an amalgamated fashion.
-	ExecutionResult executionResult() const;
+	/// Collect execution results in the result storage provided.
+	void setResultRecipient(ExecutionResult& _res) { m_res = &_res; }
 
 private:
 	State& m_s;							///< The state to which this operation/transaction is applied.
 	LastHashes m_lastHashes;
 	std::shared_ptr<ExtVM> m_ext;		///< The VM externality object for the VM execution or null if no VM is required.
-	std::unique_ptr<VMFace> m_vm;		///< The VM object or null if no VM is required.
-	bytes m_precompiledOut;				///< Used for the output when there is no VM for a contract (i.e. precompiled).
-	bytesConstRef m_out;				///< The copyable output.
+	bytesRef m_outRef;					///< Reference to "expected output" buffer.
+	ExecutionResult* m_res = nullptr;	///< Optional storage for execution results.
 	Address m_newAddress;				///< The address of the created contract in the case of create() being called.
 
 	unsigned m_depth = 0;				///< The context's call-depth.
 	bool m_isCreation = false;			///< True if the transaction creates a contract, or if create() is called.
-	unsigned m_depositSize = 0;			///< Amount of code of the creation's attempted deposit.
-	u256 m_gasForDeposit;				///< Amount of gas remaining for the code deposit phase.
-	CodeDeposit m_codeDeposit = CodeDeposit::None;	///< True if an attempted deposit failed due to lack of gas.
 	TransactionException m_excepted = TransactionException::None;	///< Details if the VM's execution resulted in an exception.
 	u256 m_gas = 0;						///< The gas for EVM code execution. Initial amount before go() execution, final amount after go() execution.
 

libethereum/ExtVM.cpp

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ bool ExtVM::call(CallParameters& _p)
 		e.accrueSubState(sub);
 	}
 	_p.gas = e.gas();
-	e.out().copyTo(_p.out);
 
 	return !e.excepted();
 }

libethereum/Precompiled.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@ using namespace std;
 using namespace dev;
 using namespace dev::eth;
 
-static bytes ecrecoverCode(bytesConstRef _in)
+namespace
+{
+
+void ecrecoverCode(bytesConstRef _in, bytesRef _out)
 {
 	struct inType
 	{
@@ -44,38 +47,43 @@ static bytes ecrecoverCode(bytesConstRef _in)
 	memcpy(&in, _in.data(), min(_in.size(), sizeof(in)));
 
 	h256 ret;
-
-	if ((u256)in.v > 28)
-		return ret.asBytes();
-	SignatureStruct sig(in.r, in.s, (byte)((int)(u256)in.v - 27));
-	if (!sig.isValid())
-		return ret.asBytes();
-
+	u256 v = (u256)in.v;
+	if (v >= 27 && v <= 28)
+	{
+		SignatureStruct sig(in.r, in.s, (byte)((int)v - 27));
+		if (sig.isValid())
+		{
 			try
 			{
-		ret = dev::sha3(recover(sig, in.hash));
+				ret = sha3(recover(sig, in.hash));
 			}
 			catch (...) {}
+		}
+	}
 
 	memset(ret.data(), 0, 12);
-	return ret.asBytes();
+	ret.ref().copyTo(_out);
 }
 
-static bytes sha256Code(bytesConstRef _in)
+void sha256Code(bytesConstRef _in, bytesRef _out)
 {
-	return sha256(_in).asBytes();
+	sha256(_in).ref().copyTo(_out);
 }
 
-static bytes ripemd160Code(bytesConstRef _in)
+void ripemd160Code(bytesConstRef _in, bytesRef _out)
 {
-	return h256(ripemd160(_in), h256::AlignRight).asBytes();
+	h256(ripemd160(_in), h256::AlignRight).ref().copyTo(_out);
 }
 
-static bytes identityCode(bytesConstRef _in)
+void identityCode(bytesConstRef _in, bytesRef _out)
 {
-	return _in.toBytes();
+	_in.copyTo(_out);
 }
 
+}
+
+std::unordered_map<unsigned, PrecompiledAddress> const& dev::eth::precompiled()
+{
 	static const std::unordered_map<unsigned, PrecompiledAddress> c_precompiled =
 	{
 		{ 1, { [](bytesConstRef) -> bigint { return c_ecrecoverGas; }, ecrecoverCode }},
@@ -83,8 +91,5 @@ static const std::unordered_map<unsigned, PrecompiledAddress> c_precompiled =
 		{ 3, { [](bytesConstRef i) -> bigint { return c_ripemd160Gas + (i.size() + 31) / 32 * c_ripemd160WordGas; }, ripemd160Code }},
 		{ 4, { [](bytesConstRef i) -> bigint { return c_identityGas + (i.size() + 31) / 32 * c_identityWordGas; }, identityCode }}
 	};
-
-std::unordered_map<unsigned, PrecompiledAddress> const& dev::eth::precompiled()
-{
 	return c_precompiled;
 }

libethereum/Precompiled.h

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace eth
 struct PrecompiledAddress
 {
 	std::function<bigint(bytesConstRef)> gas;
-	std::function<bytes(bytesConstRef)> exec;
+	std::function<void(bytesConstRef, bytesRef)> exec;
 };
 
 /// Info on precompiled contract accounts baked into the protocol.

libethereum/State.cpp

@@ -1171,6 +1171,8 @@ ExecutionResult State::execute(LastHashes const& _lh, Transaction const& _t, Per
 	// Create and initialize the executive. This will throw fairly cheaply and quickly if the
 	// transaction is bad in any way.
 	Executive e(*this, _lh, 0);
+	ExecutionResult res;
+	e.setResultRecipient(res);
 	e.initialize(_t);
 
 	// Uncommitting is a non-trivial operation - only do it once we've verified as much of the
@@ -1230,7 +1232,7 @@ ExecutionResult State::execute(LastHashes const& _lh, Transaction const& _t, Per
 		m_transactionSet.insert(e.t().sha3());
 	}
 
-	return e.executionResult();
+	return res;
 }
 
 State State::fromPending(unsigned _i) const

libethereum/Transaction.h

@@ -74,25 +74,14 @@ TransactionException toTransactionException(VMException const& _e);
 /// Description of the result of executing a transaction.
 struct ExecutionResult
 {
-	ExecutionResult() = default;
-	ExecutionResult(u256 const& _gasUsed, TransactionException _excepted, Address const& _newAddress, bytesConstRef _output, CodeDeposit _codeDeposit, u256 const& _gasRefund, unsigned _depositSize, u256 const& _gasForDeposit):
-		gasUsed(_gasUsed),
-		excepted(_excepted),
-		newAddress(_newAddress),
-		output(_output.toBytes()),
-		codeDeposit(_codeDeposit),
-		gasRefunded(_gasRefund),
-		depositSize(_depositSize),
-		gasForDeposit(_gasForDeposit)
-	{}
 	u256 gasUsed = 0;
 	TransactionException excepted = TransactionException::Unknown;
 	Address newAddress;
 	bytes output;
-	CodeDeposit codeDeposit = CodeDeposit::None;
+	CodeDeposit codeDeposit = CodeDeposit::None;					///< Failed if an attempted deposit failed due to lack of gas.
 	u256 gasRefunded = 0;
-	unsigned depositSize = 0;
-	u256 gasForDeposit;
+	unsigned depositSize = 0; 										///< Amount of code of the creation's attempted deposit.
+	u256 gasForDeposit; 											///< Amount of gas remaining for the code deposit phase.
 };
 
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& _out, ExecutionResult const& _er);

libevm/SmartVM.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace
 	}
 }
 
-bytesConstRef SmartVM::go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp, uint64_t _steps)
+bytesConstRef SmartVM::execImpl(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp)
 {
 	auto codeHash = sha3(_ext.code);
 	auto vmKind = VMKind::Interpreter; // default VM
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ bytesConstRef SmartVM::go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp,
 	// TODO: Selected VM must be kept only because it returns reference to its internal memory.
 	//       VM implementations should be stateless, without escaping memory reference.
 	m_selectedVM = VMFactory::create(vmKind);
-	return m_selectedVM->go(io_gas, _ext, _onOp, _steps);
+	return m_selectedVM->execImpl(io_gas, _ext, _onOp);
 }
 
 }

libevm/SmartVM.h

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace eth
 class SmartVM: public VMFace
 {
 public:
-	virtual bytesConstRef go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp = {}, uint64_t _steps = (uint64_t)-1) override final;
+	virtual bytesConstRef execImpl(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp) override final;
 
 private:
 	std::unique_ptr<VMFace> m_selectedVM;

libevm/VM.cpp

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ static array<InstructionMetric, 256> metrics()
 	return s_ret;
 }
 
-bytesConstRef VM::go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp, uint64_t _steps)
+bytesConstRef VM::execImpl(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp)
 {
 	// Reset leftovers from possible previous run
 	m_curPC = 0;
@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@ bytesConstRef VM::go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp, uint6
 				i += _ext.code[i] - (unsigned)Instruction::PUSH1 + 1;
 		}
 	u256 nextPC = m_curPC + 1;
-	auto osteps = _steps;
-	for (bool stopped = false; !stopped && _steps--; m_curPC = nextPC, nextPC = m_curPC + 1)
+	for (uint64_t steps = 0; true; m_curPC = nextPC, nextPC = m_curPC + 1, ++steps)
 	{
 		// INSTRUCTION...
 		Instruction inst = (Instruction)_ext.getCode(m_curPC);
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ bytesConstRef VM::go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp, uint6
 		auto onOperation = [&]()
 		{
 			if (_onOp)
-				_onOp(osteps - _steps - 1, inst, newTempSize > m_temp.size() ? (newTempSize - m_temp.size()) / 32 : bigint(0), runGas, io_gas, this, &_ext);
+				_onOp(steps, inst, newTempSize > m_temp.size() ? (newTempSize - m_temp.size()) / 32 : bigint(0), runGas, io_gas, this, &_ext);
 		};
 
 		switch (inst)
@@ -670,7 +669,5 @@ bytesConstRef VM::go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp, uint6
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (_steps == (uint64_t)-1)
-		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(StepsDone());
 	return bytesConstRef();
 }

libevm/VM.h

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ inline u256 fromAddress(Address _a)
 class VM: public VMFace
 {
 public:
-	virtual bytesConstRef go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp = {}, uint64_t _steps = (uint64_t)-1) override final;
+	virtual bytesConstRef execImpl(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp) override final;
 
 	u256 curPC() const { return m_curPC; }
 

libevm/VMFace.h

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ namespace eth
 {
 
 struct VMException: virtual Exception {};
-struct StepsDone: virtual VMException {};
 struct BreakPointHit: virtual VMException {};
 struct BadInstruction: virtual VMException {};
 struct BadJumpDestination: virtual VMException {};
@@ -43,7 +42,22 @@ public:
 	VMFace(VMFace const&) = delete;
 	VMFace& operator=(VMFace const&) = delete;
 
-	virtual bytesConstRef go(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp = {}, uint64_t _steps = (uint64_t)-1) = 0;
+	/// Execute EVM code by VM.
+	///
+	/// @param _out		Expected output
+	void exec(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, bytesRef _out, OnOpFunc const& _onOp = {})
+	{
+		execImpl(io_gas, _ext, _onOp).copyTo(_out);
+	}
+
+	/// The same as above but returns a copy of full output.
+	bytes exec(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp = {})
+	{
+		return execImpl(io_gas, _ext, _onOp).toVector();
+	}
+
+	/// VM implementation
+	virtual bytesConstRef execImpl(u256& io_gas, ExtVMFace& _ext, OnOpFunc const& _onOp) = 0;
 };
 
 }

libevmasm/CommonSubexpressionEliminator.cpp

@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ void CSECodeGenerator::appendDup(int _fromPosition, SourceLocation const& _locat
 {
 	assertThrow(_fromPosition != c_invalidPosition, OptimizerException, "");
 	int instructionNum = 1 + m_stackHeight - _fromPosition;
-	assertThrow(instructionNum <= 16, StackTooDeepException, "Stack too deep.");
+	assertThrow(instructionNum <= 16, StackTooDeepException, "Stack too deep, try removing local variables.");
 	assertThrow(1 <= instructionNum, OptimizerException, "Invalid stack access.");
 	appendItem(AssemblyItem(dupInstruction(instructionNum), _location));
 	m_stack[m_stackHeight] = m_stack[_fromPosition];
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ void CSECodeGenerator::appendOrRemoveSwap(int _fromPosition, SourceLocation cons
 	if (_fromPosition == m_stackHeight)
 		return;
 	int instructionNum = m_stackHeight - _fromPosition;
-	assertThrow(instructionNum <= 16, StackTooDeepException, "Stack too deep.");
+	assertThrow(instructionNum <= 16, StackTooDeepException, "Stack too deep, try removing local variables.");
 	assertThrow(1 <= instructionNum, OptimizerException, "Invalid stack access.");
 	appendItem(AssemblyItem(swapInstruction(instructionNum), _location));
 

libsolidity/ArrayUtils.cpp

@@ -168,7 +168,10 @@ void ArrayUtils::copyArrayToStorage(ArrayType const& _targetType, ArrayType cons
 		else
 			solAssert(false, "Copying of unknown type requested: " + sourceBaseType->toString());
 		// stack: target_ref target_data_end source_data_pos target_data_pos source_data_end [target_byte_offset] [source_byte_offset] <source_value>...
-		solAssert(2 + byteOffsetSize + sourceBaseType->getSizeOnStack() <= 16, "Stack too deep.");
+		solAssert(
+			2 + byteOffsetSize + sourceBaseType->getSizeOnStack() <= 16,
+			"Stack too deep, try removing local variables."
+		);
 		// fetch target storage reference
 		m_context << eth::dupInstruction(2 + byteOffsetSize + sourceBaseType->getSizeOnStack());
 		if (haveByteOffsetTarget)

libsolidity/Compiler.cpp

@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ bool Compiler::visit(FunctionDefinition const& _function)
 		stackLayout.push_back(i);
 	stackLayout += vector<int>(c_localVariablesSize, -1);
 
-	solAssert(stackLayout.size() <= 17, "Stack too deep.");
+	solAssert(stackLayout.size() <= 17, "Stack too deep, try removing local variables.");
 	while (stackLayout.back() != int(stackLayout.size() - 1))
 		if (stackLayout.back() < 0)
 		{

libsolidity/CompilerUtils.cpp

@@ -142,22 +142,25 @@ void CompilerUtils::moveToStackVariable(VariableDeclaration const& _variable)
 	solAssert(stackPosition >= size, "Variable size and position mismatch.");
 	// move variable starting from its top end in the stack
 	if (stackPosition - size + 1 > 16)
-		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError() << errinfo_sourceLocation(_variable.getLocation())
-											  << errinfo_comment("Stack too deep."));
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(
+			CompilerError() <<
+			errinfo_sourceLocation(_variable.getLocation()) <<
+			errinfo_comment("Stack too deep, try removing local variables.")
+		);
 	for (unsigned i = 0; i < size; ++i)
 		m_context << eth::swapInstruction(stackPosition - size + 1) << eth::Instruction::POP;
 }
 
 void CompilerUtils::copyToStackTop(unsigned _stackDepth, unsigned _itemSize)
 {
-	solAssert(_stackDepth <= 16, "Stack too deep.");
+	solAssert(_stackDepth <= 16, "Stack too deep, try removing local variables.");
 	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _itemSize; ++i)
 		m_context << eth::dupInstruction(_stackDepth);
 }
 
 void CompilerUtils::moveToStackTop(unsigned _stackDepth)
 {
-	solAssert(_stackDepth <= 15, "Stack too deep.");
+	solAssert(_stackDepth <= 15, "Stack too deep, try removing local variables.");
 	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _stackDepth; ++i)
 		m_context << eth::swapInstruction(1 + i);
 }

libsolidity/ExpressionCompiler.cpp

@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(Assignment const& _assignment)
 		appendOrdinaryBinaryOperatorCode(Token::AssignmentToBinaryOp(op), *_assignment.getType());
 		if (lvalueSize > 0)
 		{
-			solAssert(itemSize + lvalueSize <= 16, "Stack too deep.");
+			solAssert(itemSize + lvalueSize <= 16, "Stack too deep, try removing local variables.");
 			// value [lvalue_ref] updated_value
 			for (unsigned i = 0; i < itemSize; ++i)
 				m_context << eth::swapInstruction(itemSize + lvalueSize) << eth::Instruction::POP;

libsolidity/LValue.cpp

@@ -42,8 +42,11 @@ void StackVariable::retrieveValue(SourceLocation const& _location, bool) const
 {
 	unsigned stackPos = m_context.baseToCurrentStackOffset(m_baseStackOffset);
 	if (stackPos >= 15) //@todo correct this by fetching earlier or moving to memory
-		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError()
-			<< errinfo_sourceLocation(_location) << errinfo_comment("Stack too deep."));
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(
+			CompilerError() <<
+			errinfo_sourceLocation(_location) <<
+			errinfo_comment("Stack too deep, try removing local variables.")
+		);
 	for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_size; ++i)
 		m_context << eth::dupInstruction(stackPos + 1);
 }
@@ -52,8 +55,11 @@ void StackVariable::storeValue(Type const&, SourceLocation const& _location, boo
 {
 	unsigned stackDiff = m_context.baseToCurrentStackOffset(m_baseStackOffset) - m_size + 1;
 	if (stackDiff > 16)
-		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError()
-			<< errinfo_sourceLocation(_location) << errinfo_comment("Stack too deep."));
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(
+			CompilerError() <<
+			errinfo_sourceLocation(_location) <<
+			errinfo_comment("Stack too deep, try removing local variables.")
+		);
 	else if (stackDiff > 0)
 		for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_size; ++i)
 			m_context << eth::swapInstruction(stackDiff) << eth::Instruction::POP;
@@ -65,8 +71,11 @@ void StackVariable::setToZero(SourceLocation const& _location, bool) const
 {
 	unsigned stackDiff = m_context.baseToCurrentStackOffset(m_baseStackOffset);
 	if (stackDiff > 16)
-		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError()
-			<< errinfo_sourceLocation(_location) << errinfo_comment("Stack too deep."));
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(
+			CompilerError() <<
+			errinfo_sourceLocation(_location) <<
+			errinfo_comment("Stack too deep, try removing local variables.")
+		);
 	solAssert(stackDiff >= m_size - 1, "");
 	for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_size; ++i)
 		m_context << u256(0) << eth::swapInstruction(stackDiff + 1 - i)
@@ -204,7 +213,10 @@ void StorageItem::storeValue(Type const& _sourceType, SourceLocation const& _loc
 				// stack: source_ref source_off target_ref target_off member_slot_offset member_byte_offset source_member_ref source_member_off
 				StorageItem(m_context, *memberType).retrieveValue(_location, true);
 				// stack: source_ref source_off target_ref target_off member_offset source_value...
-				solAssert(4 + memberType->getSizeOnStack() <= 16, "Stack too deep.");
+				solAssert(
+					4 + memberType->getSizeOnStack() <= 16,
+					"Stack too deep, try removing local varibales."
+				);
 				m_context
 					<< eth::dupInstruction(4 + memberType->getSizeOnStack())
 					<< eth::dupInstruction(3 + memberType->getSizeOnStack()) << eth::Instruction::ADD

mix/MixClient.cpp

@@ -130,7 +130,9 @@ void MixClient::executeTransaction(Transaction const& _t, State& _state, bool _c
 
 	State execState = _state;
 	execState.addBalance(t.sender(), t.gas() * t.gasPrice()); //give it enough balance for gas estimation
+	eth::ExecutionResult er;
 	Executive execution(execState, lastHashes, 0);
+	execution.setResultRecipient(er);
 	execution.initialize(t);
 	execution.execute();
 	std::vector<MachineState> machineStates;
@@ -198,7 +200,6 @@ void MixClient::executeTransaction(Transaction const& _t, State& _state, bool _c
 
 	execution.go(onOp);
 	execution.finalize();
-	dev::eth::ExecutionResult er = execution.executionResult();
 
 	switch (er.excepted)
 	{
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ void MixClient::executeTransaction(Transaction const& _t, State& _state, bool _c
 	};
 
 	ExecutionResult d;
-	d.result = execution.executionResult();
+	d.result = er;
 	d.machineStates = machineStates;
 	d.executionCode = std::move(codes);
 	d.transactionData = std::move(data);

solc/CommandLineInterface.cpp

@@ -412,8 +412,6 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::processInput()
 		// TODO: Perhaps we should not compile unless requested
 		bool optimize = m_args["optimize"].as<bool>();
 		unsigned runs = m_args["optimize-runs"].as<unsigned>();
-		if (m_args.count("optimize-runs"))
-			optimize = true;
 		m_compiler->compile(optimize, runs);
 	}
 	catch (ParserError const& _exception)

test/fuzzTesting/checkRandomVMTest.cpp

@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ bool doVMTest(mValue& _v)
 		try
 		{
 			auto vm = eth::VMFactory::create();
-			output = vm->go(fev.gas, fev, fev.simpleTrace()).toBytes();
+			output = vm->exec(fev.gas, fev, fev.simpleTrace());
 		}
-		catch (eth::VMException)
+		catch (eth::VMException const&)
 		{
 			cnote << "Safe VM Exception";
 			vmExceptionOccured = true;

test/fuzzTesting/createRandomVMTest.cpp

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ void doMyTests(json_spirit::mValue& _v)
 		bool vmExceptionOccured = false;
 		try
 		{
-			output = vm->go(fev.gas, fev, fev.simpleTrace()).toBytes();
+			output = vm->exec(fev.gas, fev, fev.simpleTrace());
 		}
 		catch (eth::VMException const& _e)
 		{

test/libevm/vm.cpp

@@ -330,12 +330,10 @@ void doVMTests(json_spirit::mValue& v, bool _fillin)
 		{
 			auto vm = eth::VMFactory::create();
 			auto vmtrace = Options::get().vmtrace ? fev.simpleTrace() : OnOpFunc{};
-			auto outputRef = bytesConstRef{};
 			{
 				Listener::ExecTimeGuard guard{i.first};
-				outputRef = vm->go(fev.gas, fev, vmtrace);
+				output = vm->exec(fev.gas, fev, vmtrace);
 			}
-			output = outputRef.toBytes();
 		}
 		catch (VMException const&)
 		{

test/libsolidity/solidityExecutionFramework.h

@@ -148,6 +148,8 @@ protected:
 	{
 		m_state.addBalance(m_sender, _value); // just in case
 		eth::Executive executive(m_state, eth::LastHashes(), 0);
+		eth::ExecutionResult res;
+		executive.setResultRecipient(res);
 		eth::Transaction t =
 			_isCreation ?
 				eth::Transaction(_value, m_gasPrice, m_gas, _data, 0, KeyPair::create().sec()) :
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ protected:
 		m_state.noteSending(m_sender);
 		executive.finalize();
 		m_gasUsed = executive.gasUsed();
-		m_output = executive.out().toVector();
+		m_output = std::move(res.output); // FIXME: Looks like Framework needs ExecutiveResult embedded
 		m_logs = executive.logs();
 	}