node/lib/net.js

var util = require("util");
var events = require("events");
var stream = require("stream");

var kMinPoolSpace = 128;
var kPoolSize = 40*1024;

var debugLevel = parseInt(process.env.NODE_DEBUG, 16);
function debug () {
  if (debugLevel & 0x2) util.error.apply(this, arguments);
}
var binding = process.binding('net');

// Note about Buffer interface:
// I'm attempting to do the simplest possible interface to abstracting raw
// memory allocation. This might turn out to be too simple - it seems that
// I always use a buffer.used member to keep track of how much I've filled.
// Perhaps giving the Buffer a file-like interface with a head (which would
// represent buffer.used) that can be seeked around would be easier. I'm not
// yet convinced that every use-case can be fit into that abstraction, so
// waiting to implement it until I get more experience with this.
var FreeList = require('freelist').FreeList;

var IOWatcher   = process.binding('io_watcher').IOWatcher;
var constants   = process.binding('constants');
var assert      = process.assert;

var socket      = binding.socket;
var bind        = binding.bind;
var connect     = binding.connect;
var listen      = binding.listen;
var accept      = binding.accept;
var close       = binding.close;
var shutdown    = binding.shutdown;
var read        = binding.read;
var write       = binding.write;
var toRead      = binding.toRead;
var setNoDelay  = binding.setNoDelay;
var setKeepAlive= binding.setKeepAlive;
var socketError = binding.socketError;
var getsockname = binding.getsockname;
var errnoException = binding.errnoException;
var sendMsg     = binding.sendMsg;
var recvMsg     = binding.recvMsg;

var EINPROGRESS = constants.EINPROGRESS;
var ENOENT      = constants.ENOENT;
var EMFILE      = constants.EMFILE;

var END_OF_FILE = 42;


var ioWatchers = new FreeList("iowatcher", 100, function () {
  return new IOWatcher();
});


IOWatcher.prototype.ondrain = function () {
  assert(this.socket);
  var socket = this.socket;

  if (socket.writable || socket.readable) {
    require('timers').active(socket);
  }

  socket.emit('drain');
  if (socket.ondrain) socket.ondrain();

  if (socket._eof) socket._shutdown();
};


IOWatcher.prototype.onerror = function (errno) {
  assert(this.socket);
  this.socket.destroy(errnoException(errno, 'write'));
};


exports.isIP = binding.isIP;

exports.isIPv4 = function (input) {
  if (binding.isIP(input) === 4) {
    return true;
  }
  return false;
};

exports.isIPv6 = function (input) {
  if (binding.isIP(input) === 6) {
    return true;
  }
  return false;
};

// Allocated on demand.
var pool = null;
function allocNewPool () {
  pool = new Buffer(kPoolSize);
  pool.used = 0;
}

var emptyBuffer = null;
function allocEmptyBuffer () {
    emptyBuffer = new Buffer(1);
    emptyBuffer.sent = 0;
    emptyBuffer.length = 0;
}

function setImplmentationMethods (self) {
  function noData(buf, off, len) {
    return !buf ||
           (off != undefined && off >= buf.length) ||
           (len == 0);
  };

  if (self.type == 'unix') {
    self._readImpl = function (buf, off, len) {
      var bytesRead = recvMsg(self.fd, buf, off, len);

      // Do not emit this in the same stack, otherwise we risk corrupting our
      // buffer pool which is full of read data, but has not had had its
      // pointers updated just yet.
      //
      // Save off recvMsg.fd in a closure so that, when we emit it later, we're
      // emitting the same value that we see now. Otherwise, we can end up
      // calling emit() after recvMsg() has been called again and end up
      // emitting null (or another FD).
      if (recvMsg.fd !== null) {
        var fd = recvMsg.fd;
        process.nextTick(function () {
          self.emit('fd', fd);
        });
      }

      return bytesRead;
    };
  } else {
    self._readImpl = function (buf, off, len) {
      return read(self.fd, buf, off, len);
    };
  }
};


function onReadable (readable, writeable) {
  assert(this.socket);
  var socket = this.socket;
  socket._onReadable();
}


function onWritable (readable, writeable) {
  assert(this.socket);
  var socket = this.socket;
  if (socket._connecting) {
    socket._onConnect();
  } else {
    socket._onWritable();
  }
}

function initStream (self) {
  self._readWatcher = ioWatchers.alloc();
  self._readWatcher.socket = self;
  self._readWatcher.callback = onReadable;
  self.readable = false;
  self._eof = false;

  self._writeWatcher = ioWatchers.alloc();
  self._writeWatcher.socket = self;
  self._writeWatcher.callback = onWritable;
  self.writable = false;
}

// Deprecated API: Stream(fd, type)
// New API: Stream({ fd: 10, type: "unix", allowHalfOpen: true })
function Stream (options) {
  if (!(this instanceof Stream)) return new Stream(arguments[0], arguments[1]);
  stream.Stream.call(this);

  this.fd = null;
  this.type = null;
  this.allowHalfOpen = false;

  if (typeof options == "object") {
    this.fd = options.fd !== undefined ? parseInt(options.fd, 10) : null;
    this.type = options.type || null;
    this.allowHalfOpen = options.allowHalfOpen || false;
  } else if (typeof options  == "number") {
    this.fd = arguments[0];
    this.type = arguments[1];
  }

  if (parseInt(this.fd, 10) >= 0) {
    this.open(this.fd, this.type);
  } else {
    setImplmentationMethods(this);
  }
};
util.inherits(Stream, stream.Stream);
exports.Stream = Stream;


Stream.prototype._onTimeout = function () {
  this.emit('timeout');
};


Stream.prototype.open = function (fd, type) {
  initStream(this);

  this.fd = fd;
  this.type = type || null;
  this.readable = true;

  setImplmentationMethods(this);

  this._writeWatcher.set(this.fd, false, true);
  this.writable = true;
};


exports.createConnection = function (port, host) {
  var s = new Stream();
  s.connect(port, host);
  return s;
};


Object.defineProperty(Stream.prototype, 'readyState', {
  get: function () {
    if (this._connecting) {
      return 'opening';
    } else if (this.readable && this.writable) {
      assert(typeof this.fd == 'number');
      return 'open';
    } else if (this.readable && !this.writable){
      assert(typeof this.fd == 'number');
      return 'readOnly';
    } else if (!this.readable && this.writable){
      assert(typeof this.fd == 'number');
      return 'writeOnly';
    } else {
      assert(typeof this.fd != 'number');
      return 'closed';
    }
  }
});


Stream.prototype._appendBucket = function (data, encoding, fd) {
  // TODO reject empty data.
  var newBucket =  { data: data };
  if (encoding) newBucket.encoding = encoding;
  if (fd) newBucket.fd = fd;

  // TODO properly calculate queueSize

  if (this._writeWatcher.lastBucket) {
    this._writeWatcher.lastBucket.next = newBucket;
  } else {
    this._writeWatcher.firstBucket = newBucket;
  }

  this._writeWatcher.lastBucket = newBucket;

  if (this._writeWatcher.queueSize === undefined) {
    this._writeWatcher.queueSize = 0;
  }
  assert(this._writeWatcher.queueSize >= 0);
  this._writeWatcher.queueSize += data.length;

  return this._writeWatcher.queueSize;
};


Stream.prototype.write = function (data, encoding, fd) {
  if (this._eof) {
    throw new Error('Stream.end() called already; cannot write.');
  }

  if (!this.writable) {
    throw new Error('Stream is not writable');
  }

  var queueSize = this._appendBucket(data, encoding, fd);

  if (this._connecting) return false;

  this._onWritable(); // Insert writeWatcher into the dumpQueue
  require('timers').active(this);

  return queueSize < (64*1024);
};


Stream.prototype.setEncoding = function (encoding) {
  var StringDecoder = require("string_decoder").StringDecoder; // lazy load
  this._decoder = new StringDecoder(encoding);
};


function doConnect (socket, port, host) {
  try {
    connect(socket.fd, port, host);
  } catch (e) {
    socket.destroy(e);
    return;
  }

  debug('connecting to ' + host + ' : ' + port);

  // Don't start the read watcher until connection is established
  socket._readWatcher.set(socket.fd, true, false);

  // How to connect on POSIX: Wait for fd to become writable, then call
  // socketError() if there isn't an error, we're connected. AFAIK this a
  // platform independent way determining when a non-blocking connection
  // is established, but I have only seen it documented in the Linux
  // Manual Page connect(2) under the error code EINPROGRESS.
  socket._writeWatcher.set(socket.fd, false, true);
  socket._writeWatcher.start();
}


function toPort (x) { return (x = Number(x)) >= 0 ? x : false; }


Stream.prototype._onConnect = function () {
  var errno = socketError(this.fd);
  if (errno == 0) {
    // connection established
    this._connecting = false;
    this.resume();
    this.readable = this.writable = true;
    try {
      this.emit('connect');
    } catch (e) {
      this.destroy(e);
      return;
    }


    if (this._writeWatcher.firstBucket) {
      // Flush this in case any writes are queued up while connecting.
      this._onWritable();
    }

  } else if (errno != EINPROGRESS) {
    this.destroy(errnoException(errno, 'connect'));
  }
};


Stream.prototype._onWritable = function () {
  // Stick it into the dumpQueue
  if (!this._writeWatcher.next) {
    this._writeWatcher.next = IOWatcher.dumpQueue.next;
    IOWatcher.dumpQueue.next = this._writeWatcher;
  }
};


Stream.prototype._onReadable = function () {
  var self = this;

  // If this is the first recv (pool doesn't exist) or we've used up
  // most of the pool, allocate a new one.
  if (!pool || pool.length - pool.used < kMinPoolSpace) {
    // discard the old pool. Can't add to the free list because
    // users might have refernces to slices on it.
    pool = null;
    allocNewPool();
  }

  //debug('pool.used ' + pool.used);
  var bytesRead;

  try {
    bytesRead = self._readImpl(pool,
                               pool.used,
                               pool.length - pool.used);
  } catch (e) {
    self.destroy(e);
    return;
  }

  // Note that some _readImpl() implementations return -1 bytes
  // read as an indication not to do any processing on the result
  // (but not an error).

  if (bytesRead === 0) {
    self.readable = false;
    self._readWatcher.stop();

    if (!self.writable) self.destroy();
    // Note: 'close' not emitted until nextTick.

    if (!self.allowHalfOpen) self.end();
    if (self._events && self._events['end']) self.emit('end');
    if (self.onend) self.onend();
  } else if (bytesRead > 0) {

    require('timers').active(self);

    var start = pool.used;
    var end = pool.used + bytesRead;
    pool.used += bytesRead;

    if (self._decoder) {
      // emit String
      var string = self._decoder.write(pool.slice(start, end));
      if (string.length) self.emit('data', string);
    } else {
      // emit buffer
      if (self._events && self._events['data']) {
        // emit a slice
        self.emit('data', pool.slice(start, end));
      }
    }

    // Optimization: emit the original buffer with end points
    if (self.ondata) self.ondata(pool, start, end);
  }
};


// var stream = new Stream();
// stream.connect(80)               - TCP connect to port 80 on the localhost
// stream.connect(80, 'nodejs.org') - TCP connect to port 80 on nodejs.org
// stream.connect('/tmp/socket')    - UNIX connect to socket specified by path
Stream.prototype.connect = function () {
  var self = this;
  initStream(self);
  if (self.fd) throw new Error('Stream already opened');
  if (!self._readWatcher) throw new Error('No readWatcher');

  require('timers').active(socket);

  self._connecting = true; // set false in doConnect
  self.writable = true;

  var port = toPort(arguments[0]);
  if (port === false) {
    // UNIX
    self.fd = socket('unix');
    self.type = 'unix';

    setImplmentationMethods(this);
    doConnect(self, arguments[0]);
  } else {
    // TCP
    require('dns').lookup(arguments[1], function (err, ip, addressType) {
      if (err) {
        self.emit('error', err);
      } else {
        self.type = addressType == 4 ? 'tcp4' : 'tcp6';
        self.fd = socket(self.type);
        doConnect(self, port, ip);
      }
    });
  }
};


Stream.prototype.address = function () {
  return getsockname(this.fd);
};


Stream.prototype.setNoDelay = function (v) {
  if ((this.type == 'tcp4')||(this.type == 'tcp6')) {
    setNoDelay(this.fd, v);
  }
};

Stream.prototype.setKeepAlive = function (enable, time) {
  if ((this.type == 'tcp4')||(this.type == 'tcp6')) {
    var secondDelay = Math.ceil(time/1000);
    setKeepAlive(this.fd, enable, secondDelay);
  }
};

Stream.prototype.setTimeout = function (msecs) {
  if (msecs > 0) {
    require('timers').enroll(this, msecs);
    if (this.fd) { require('timers').active(this); }
  } else if (msecs === 0) {
    require('timers').unenroll(this);
  }
};


Stream.prototype.pause = function () {
  this._readWatcher.stop();
};


Stream.prototype.resume = function () {
  if (this.fd === null) throw new Error('Cannot resume() closed Stream.');
  this._readWatcher.set(this.fd, true, false);
  this._readWatcher.start();
};


Stream.prototype.destroy = function (exception) {
  // pool is shared between sockets, so don't need to free it here.
  var self = this;

  this._eof = this.readable = this.writable = false;

  if (this._writeWatcher) {
    this._writeWatcher.stop();
    this._writeWatcher.socket = null;
    this._writeWatcher.firstBucket = null;
    this._writeWatcher.lastBucket = null;
    ioWatchers.free(this._writeWatcher);
    this._writeWatcher = null;
  }

  if (this._readWatcher) {
    this._readWatcher.stop();
    this._readWatcher.socket = null;
    ioWatchers.free(this._readWatcher);
    this._readWatcher = null;
  }

  require('timers').unenroll(this);

  if (this.server) {
    this.server.connections--;
  }

  // FIXME Bug when this.fd == 0
  if (typeof this.fd == 'number') {
    close(this.fd);
    this.fd = null;
    process.nextTick(function () {
      if (exception) self.emit('error', exception);
      self.emit('close', exception ? true : false);
    });
  }
};


Stream.prototype._shutdown = function () {
  if (!this.writable) {
    throw new Error('The connection is not writable');
  } else {
    if (this.readable) {
      // readable and writable
      this.writable = false;

      try {
        shutdown(this.fd, 'write');
      } catch (e) {
        this.destroy(e);
      }
    } else {
      // writable but not readable
      this.destroy();
    }
  }
};


Stream.prototype.end = function (data, encoding) {
  if (!this.writable) return; // TODO this should throw error
  if (this._eof) return; // TODO this should also throw error

  if (data) this._appendBucket(data, encoding);
  this._eof = true;

  // If this isn't in the dumpQueue then we shutdown now.
  if (!this._writeWatcher.next) this._shutdown();
};


function Server (/* [ options, ] listener */) {
  if (!(this instanceof Server)) return new Server(arguments[0], arguments[1]);
  events.EventEmitter.call(this);
  var self = this;

  var options = {};
  if (typeof arguments[0] == "object") {
    options = arguments[0];
  }

  // listener: find the last argument that is a function
  for (var l = arguments.length - 1; l >= 0; l--) {
    if (typeof arguments[l] == "function") {
      self.addListener('connection', arguments[l]);
    }
    if (arguments[l] !== undefined) break;
  }

  self.connections = 0;

  self.allowHalfOpen = options.allowHalfOpen || false;

  self.watcher = new IOWatcher();
  self.watcher.host = self;
  self.watcher.callback = function () {
    // Just in case we don't have a dummy fd.
    getDummyFD();

    if (self._pauseTimer) {
      // Somehow the watcher got started again. Need to wait until
      // the timer finishes.
      self.watcher.stop();
    }

    while (self.fd) {
      try {
        var peerInfo = accept(self.fd);
      } catch (e) {
        if (e.errno != EMFILE) throw e;

        // Gracefully reject pending clients by freeing up a file
        // descriptor.
        rescueEMFILE(function() {
          self._rejectPending();
        });
        return;
      }
      if (!peerInfo) return;

      if (self.maxConnections && self.connections >= self.maxConnections) {
        // Close the connection we just had
        close(peerInfo.fd);
        // Reject all other pending connectins.
        self._rejectPending();
        return;
      }

      self.connections++;

      var s = new Stream({ fd: peerInfo.fd,
                           type: self.type,
                           allowHalfOpen: self.allowHalfOpen });
      s.remoteAddress = peerInfo.address;
      s.remotePort = peerInfo.port;
      s.type = self.type;
      s.server = self;
      s.resume();

      self.emit('connection', s);

      // The 'connect' event  probably should be removed for server-side
      // sockets. It's redundant.
      try {
        s.emit('connect');
      } catch (e) {
        s.destroy(e);
        return;
      }
    }
  };
}
util.inherits(Server, events.EventEmitter);
exports.Server = Server;


exports.createServer = function () {
  return new Server(arguments[0], arguments[1]);
};


// Just stop trying to accepting connections for a while.
// Useful for throttling against DoS attacks.
Server.prototype.pause = function (msecs) {
  // We're already paused.
  if (this._pauseTimer) return;

  var self = this;
  msecs = msecs || 1000;

  this.watcher.stop();

  // Wait a second before accepting more.
  this._pauseTimer = setTimeout(function () {
    // Our fd should still be there. If someone calls server.close() then
    // the pauseTimer should be cleared.
    assert(parseInt(self.fd) >= 0);
    self._pauseTimer = null;
    self.watcher.start();
  }, msecs);
};


Server.prototype._rejectPending = function () {
  var self = this;
  var acceptCount = 0;
  // Accept and close the waiting clients one at a time.
  // Single threaded programming ftw.
  while (true) {
    peerInfo = accept(this.fd);
    if (!peerInfo) return;
    close(peerInfo.fd);

    // Don't become DoS'd by incoming requests
    if (++acceptCount > 50) {
      this.pause();
      return;
    }
  }
};


// Listen on a UNIX socket
// server.listen("/tmp/socket");
//
// Listen on port 8000, accept connections from INADDR_ANY.
// server.listen(8000);
//
// Listen on port 8000, accept connections to "192.168.1.2"
// server.listen(8000, "192.168.1.2");
Server.prototype.listen = function () {
  var self = this;
  if (self.fd) throw new Error('Server already opened');

  var lastArg = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
  if (typeof lastArg == 'function') {
    self.addListener('listening', lastArg);
  }

  var port = toPort(arguments[0]);

  if (arguments.length == 0 || typeof arguments[0] == 'function') {
    // Don't bind(). OS will assign a port with INADDR_ANY.
    // The port can be found with server.address()
    self.type = 'tcp4';
    self.fd = socket(self.type);
    self._doListen(port);
  } else if (port === false) {
    // the first argument specifies a path
    self.fd = socket('unix');
    self.type = 'unix';
    var path = arguments[0];
    self.path = path;
    // unlink sockfile if it exists
    require('fs').stat(path, function (err, r) {
      if (err) {
        if (err.errno == ENOENT) {
          self._doListen(path);
        } else {
          throw r;
        }
      } else {
        if (!r.isSocket()) {
          throw new Error("Non-socket exists at  " + path);
        } else {
          require('fs').unlink(path, function (err) {
            if (err) throw err;
            self._doListen(path);
          });
        }
      }
    });
  } else {
    // the first argument is the port, the second an IP
    require('dns').lookup(arguments[1], function (err, ip, addressType) {
      if (err) {
        self.emit('error', err);
      } else {
        self.type = addressType == 4 ? 'tcp4' : 'tcp6';
        self.fd = socket(self.type);
        self._doListen(port, ip);
      }
    });
  }
};

Server.prototype.listenFD = function (fd, type) {
  if (this.fd) {
    throw new Error('Server already opened');
  }

  this.fd = fd;
  this.type = type || null;
  this._startWatcher();
};

Server.prototype._startWatcher = function () {
  this.watcher.set(this.fd, true, false);
  this.watcher.start();
  this.emit("listening");
};

Server.prototype._doListen = function () {
  var self = this;

  // Ensure we have a dummy fd for EMFILE conditions.
  getDummyFD();

  try {
    bind(self.fd, arguments[0], arguments[1]);
  } catch (err) {
    self.emit('error', err);
    return;
  }

  // Need to the listening in the nextTick so that people potentially have
  // time to register 'listening' listeners.
  process.nextTick(function () {
    // It could be that server.close() was called between the time the
    // original listen command was issued and this. Bail if that's the case.
    // See test/simple/test-net-eaddrinuse.js
    if (typeof self.fd != 'number') return;

    try {
      listen(self.fd, self._backlog || 128);
    } catch (err) {
      self.emit('error', err);
      return;
    }

    self._startWatcher();
  });
}


Server.prototype.address = function () {
  return getsockname(this.fd);
};


Server.prototype.close = function () {
  var self = this;
  if (!self.fd) throw new Error('Not running');

  self.watcher.stop();

  close(self.fd);
  self.fd = null;

  if (self._pauseTimer) {
    clearTimeout(self._pauseTimer);
    self._pauseTimer = null;
  }

  if (self.type === "unix") {
    require('fs').unlink(self.path, function () {
      self.emit("close");
    });
  } else {
    self.emit("close");
  }
};


var dummyFD = null;
var lastEMFILEWarning = 0;
// Ensures to have at least on free file-descriptor free.
// callback should only use 1 file descriptor and close it before end of call
function rescueEMFILE(callback) {
  // Output a warning, but only at most every 5 seconds.
  var now = new Date();
  if (now - lastEMFILEWarning > 5000) {
    console.error("(node) Hit max file limit. Increase 'ulimit -n'.");
    lastEMFILEWarning = now;
  }

  if (dummyFD) {
    close(dummyFD);
    dummyFD = null;
    callback();
    getDummyFD();
  }
}

function getDummyFD() {
  if (!dummyFD) {
    try {
      dummyFD = socket("tcp");
    } catch (e) {
      dummyFD = null;
    }
  }
}