lib: fix event race condition with -e

Commit c5b07d4 ("lib: fix beforeExit not working with -e") runs the
to-be-evaluated code at a later time than before because it switches
from `process.nextTick()` to `setImmediate()`.

It affects `-e 'process.on("message", ...)'` because there is now a
larger time gap between startup and attaching the event listener,
increasing the chances of missing early messages.  I'm reasonably
sure `process.nextTick()` was also susceptible to that, only less
pronounced.

Avoid the problem altogether by evaluating the code synchronously.
Harmonizes the logic with `Module.runMain()` from lib/module.js
which also calls `process._tickCallback()` afterwards.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/11958
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <michael_dawson@ca.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Daijiro Wachi <daijiro.wachi@gmail.com>

lib/internal/bootstrap_node.js

@@ -351,13 +351,9 @@
                    'return require("vm").runInThisContext(' +
                    `${JSON.stringify(body)}, { filename: ` +
                    `${JSON.stringify(name)}, displayErrors: true });\n`;
-    // Defer evaluation for a tick.  This is a workaround for deferred
-    // events not firing when evaluating scripts from the command line,
-    // see https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/1600.
-    setImmediate(function() {
     const result = module._compile(script, `${name}-wrapper`);
     if (process._print_eval) console.log(result);
-    });
+    process._tickCallback();
   }
 
   // Load preload modules

test/message/eval_messages.out

@@ -3,14 +3,15 @@
 with(this){__filename}
 ^^^^
 SyntaxError: Strict mode code may not include a with statement
-    at createScript (vm.js:*)
+    at createScript (vm.js:*:*)
-    at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*)
+    at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*:*)
     at Object.<anonymous> ([eval]-wrapper:*:*)
     at Module._compile (module.js:*:*)
-    at Immediate.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at evalScript (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at runCallback (timers.js:*:*)
+    at run (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at tryOnImmediate (timers.js:*:*)
+    at run (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at processImmediate [as _immediateCallback] (timers.js:*:*)
+    at startup (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at bootstrap_node.js:*:*
 42
 42
 [eval]:1
@@ -19,28 +20,31 @@ throw new Error("hello")
 
 Error: hello
     at [eval]:1:7
-    at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:*)
+    at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:*:*)
-    at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*)
+    at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*:*)
     at Object.<anonymous> ([eval]-wrapper:*:*)
     at Module._compile (module.js:*:*)
-    at Immediate.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at evalScript (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at runCallback (timers.js:*:*)
+    at run (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at tryOnImmediate (timers.js:*:*)
+    at run (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at processImmediate [as _immediateCallback] (timers.js:*:*)
+    at startup (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at bootstrap_node.js:*:*
+
 [eval]:1
 throw new Error("hello")
 ^
 
 Error: hello
     at [eval]:1:7
-    at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:*)
+    at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:*:*)
-    at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*)
+    at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*:*)
     at Object.<anonymous> ([eval]-wrapper:*:*)
     at Module._compile (module.js:*:*)
-    at Immediate.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at evalScript (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at runCallback (timers.js:*:*)
+    at run (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at tryOnImmediate (timers.js:*:*)
+    at run (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at processImmediate [as _immediateCallback] (timers.js:*:*)
+    at startup (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at bootstrap_node.js:*:*
 100
 [eval]:1
 var x = 100; y = x;
@@ -48,14 +52,15 @@ var x = 100; y = x;
 
 ReferenceError: y is not defined
     at [eval]:1:16
-    at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:*)
+    at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:*:*)
-    at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*)
+    at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*:*)
     at Object.<anonymous> ([eval]-wrapper:*:*)
     at Module._compile (module.js:*:*)
-    at Immediate.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at evalScript (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at runCallback (timers.js:*:*)
+    at run (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at tryOnImmediate (timers.js:*:*)
+    at run (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at processImmediate [as _immediateCallback] (timers.js:*:*)
+    at startup (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at bootstrap_node.js:*:*
 
 [eval]:1
 var ______________________________________________; throw 10

test/message/stdin_messages.out

@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ SyntaxError: Strict mode code may not include a with statement
     at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*)
     at Object.<anonymous> ([stdin]-wrapper:*:*)
     at Module._compile (module.js:*:*)
-    at Immediate.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at evalScript (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at runCallback (timers.js:*:*)
+    at Socket.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at tryOnImmediate (timers.js:*:*)
+    at emitNone (events.js:*:*)
-    at processImmediate [as _immediateCallback] (timers.js:*:*)
+    at Socket.emit (events.js:*:*)
+    at endReadableNT (_stream_readable.js:*:*)
+    at _combinedTickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:*:*)
 42
 42
 [stdin]:1
@@ -23,10 +25,11 @@ Error: hello
     at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*)
     at Object.<anonymous> ([stdin]-wrapper:*:*)
     at Module._compile (module.js:*:*)
-    at Immediate.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at evalScript (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at runCallback (timers.js:*:*)
+    at Socket.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at tryOnImmediate (timers.js:*:*)
+    at emitNone (events.js:*:*)
-    at processImmediate [as _immediateCallback] (timers.js:*:*)
+    at Socket.emit (events.js:*:*)
+    at endReadableNT (_stream_readable.js:*:*)
 [stdin]:1
 throw new Error("hello")
 ^
@@ -37,10 +40,11 @@ Error: hello
     at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*)
     at Object.<anonymous> ([stdin]-wrapper:*:*)
     at Module._compile (module.js:*:*)
-    at Immediate.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at evalScript (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at runCallback (timers.js:*:*)
+    at Socket.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at tryOnImmediate (timers.js:*:*)
+    at emitNone (events.js:*:*)
-    at processImmediate [as _immediateCallback] (timers.js:*:*)
+    at Socket.emit (events.js:*:*)
+    at endReadableNT (_stream_readable.js:*:*)
 100
 [stdin]:1
 var x = 100; y = x;
@@ -52,10 +56,11 @@ ReferenceError: y is not defined
     at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:*)
     at Object.<anonymous> ([stdin]-wrapper:*:*)
     at Module._compile (module.js:*:*)
-    at Immediate.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
+    at evalScript (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at runCallback (timers.js:*:*)
+    at Socket.<anonymous> (bootstrap_node.js:*:*)
-    at tryOnImmediate (timers.js:*:*)
+    at emitNone (events.js:*:*)
-    at processImmediate [as _immediateCallback] (timers.js:*:*)
+    at Socket.emit (events.js:*:*)
+    at endReadableNT (_stream_readable.js:*:*)
 
 [stdin]:1
 var ______________________________________________; throw 10

test/parallel/test-cli-eval.js

@@ -144,3 +144,22 @@ child.exec(`${nodejs} --use-strict -p process.execArgv`,
   assert.strictEqual(proc.stderr, '');
   assert.strictEqual(proc.stdout, 'start\nbeforeExit\nexit\n');
 }
+
+// Regression test for https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/11948.
+{
+  const script = `
+      process.on('message', (message) => {
+        if (message === 'ping') process.send('pong');
+        if (message === 'exit') process.disconnect();
+      });
+  `;
+  const proc = child.fork('-e', [script]);
+  proc.on('exit', common.mustCall((exitCode, signalCode) => {
+    assert.strictEqual(exitCode, 0);
+    assert.strictEqual(signalCode, null);
+  }));
+  proc.on('message', (message) => {
+    if (message === 'pong') proc.send('exit');
+  });
+  proc.send('ping');
+}