mirror of https://github.com/lukechilds/node.git
Browse Source
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4872 Reviewed-By: João Reis <reis@janeasystems.com> Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com> Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com> Reviewed-By: Rebecca Turner <me@re-becca.org>v4.x
Kat Marchán
9 years ago
committed by
Myles Borins
Myles Borins
708 changed files with 30813 additions and 17546 deletions
@ -1,392 +0,0 @@ |
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npm-faq(7) -- Frequently Asked Questions |
|
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======================================== |
|
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|
|
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## Where can I find these docs in HTML? |
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|
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<https://docs.npmjs.com/>, or run: |
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npm config set viewer browser |
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|
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to open these documents in your default web browser rather than `man`. |
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|
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## It didn't work. |
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|
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That's not really a question. |
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|
|
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## Why didn't it work? |
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I don't know yet. |
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|
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Read the error output, and if you can't figure out what it means, |
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do what it says and post a bug with all the information it asks for. |
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|
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## Where does npm put stuff? |
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See `npm-folders(5)` |
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tl;dr: |
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|
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* Use the `npm root` command to see where modules go, and the `npm bin` |
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command to see where executables go |
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* Global installs are different from local installs. If you install |
|
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something with the `-g` flag, then its executables go in `npm bin -g` |
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and its modules go in `npm root -g`. |
|
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|
|
||||
## How do I install something on my computer in a central location? |
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|
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Install it globally by tacking `-g` or `--global` to the command. (This |
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||||
is especially important for command line utilities that need to add |
|
||||
their bins to the global system `PATH`.) |
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|
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## I installed something globally, but I can't `require()` it |
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|
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Install it locally. |
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|
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The global install location is a place for command-line utilities |
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to put their bins in the system `PATH`. It's not for use with `require()`. |
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|
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If you `require()` a module in your code, then that means it's a |
|
||||
dependency, and a part of your program. You need to install it locally |
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in your program. |
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|
|
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## Why can't npm just put everything in one place, like other package managers? |
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|
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Not every change is an improvement, but every improvement is a change. |
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This would be like asking git to do network IO for every commit. It's |
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not going to happen, because it's a terrible idea that causes more |
|
||||
problems than it solves. |
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|
|
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It is much harder to avoid dependency conflicts without nesting |
|
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dependencies. This is fundamental to the way that npm works, and has |
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proven to be an extremely successful approach. See `npm-folders(5)` for |
|
||||
more details. |
|
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|
|
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If you want a package to be installed in one place, and have all your |
|
||||
programs reference the same copy of it, then use the `npm link` command. |
|
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That's what it's for. Install it globally, then link it into each |
|
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program that uses it. |
|
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|
|
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## Whatever, I really want the old style 'everything global' style. |
|
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|
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Write your own package manager. You could probably even wrap up `npm` |
|
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in a shell script if you really wanted to. |
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|
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npm will not help you do something that is known to be a bad idea. |
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|
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## Should I check my `node_modules` folder into git? |
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Usually, no. Allow npm to resolve dependencies for your packages. |
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|
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For packages you **deploy**, such as websites and apps, |
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you should use npm shrinkwrap to lock down your full dependency tree: |
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<https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/shrinkwrap> |
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|
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If you are paranoid about depending on the npm ecosystem, |
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you should run a private npm mirror or a private cache. |
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|
|
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If you want 100% confidence in being able to reproduce the specific bytes |
|
||||
included in a deployment, you should use an additional mechanism that can |
|
||||
verify contents rather than versions. For example, |
|
||||
Amazon machine images, DigitalOcean snapshots, Heroku slugs, or simple tarballs. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## Is it 'npm' or 'NPM' or 'Npm'? |
|
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|
|
||||
npm should never be capitalized unless it is being displayed in a |
|
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location that is customarily all-caps (such as the title of man pages.) |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## If 'npm' is an acronym, why is it never capitalized? |
|
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|
|
||||
Contrary to the belief of many, "npm" is not in fact an abbreviation for |
|
||||
"Node Package Manager". It is a recursive bacronymic abbreviation for |
|
||||
"npm is not an acronym". (If it was "ninaa", then it would be an |
|
||||
acronym, and thus incorrectly named.) |
|
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|
|
||||
"NPM", however, *is* an acronym (more precisely, a capitonym) for the |
|
||||
National Association of Pastoral Musicians. You can learn more |
|
||||
about them at <http://npm.org/>. |
|
||||
|
|
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In software, "NPM" is a Non-Parametric Mapping utility written by |
|
||||
Chris Rorden. You can analyze pictures of brains with it. Learn more |
|
||||
about the (capitalized) NPM program at <http://www.cabiatl.com/mricro/npm/>. |
|
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|
|
||||
The first seed that eventually grew into this flower was a bash utility |
|
||||
named "pm", which was a shortened descendent of "pkgmakeinst", a |
|
||||
bash function that was used to install various different things on different |
|
||||
platforms, most often using Yahoo's `yinst`. If `npm` was ever an |
|
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acronym for anything, it was `node pm` or maybe `new pm`. |
|
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|
|
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So, in all seriousness, the "npm" project is named after its command-line |
|
||||
utility, which was organically selected to be easily typed by a right-handed |
|
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programmer using a US QWERTY keyboard layout, ending with the |
|
||||
right-ring-finger in a postition to type the `-` key for flags and |
|
||||
other command-line arguments. That command-line utility is always |
|
||||
lower-case, though it starts most sentences it is a part of. |
|
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|
|
||||
## How do I list installed packages? |
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|
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`npm ls` |
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|
|
||||
## How do I search for packages? |
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`npm search` |
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Arguments are greps. `npm search jsdom` shows jsdom packages. |
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|
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||||
## How do I update npm? |
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|
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npm install npm -g |
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|
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You can also update all outdated local packages by doing `npm update` without |
|
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any arguments, or global packages by doing `npm update -g`. |
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Occasionally, the version of npm will progress such that the current |
|
||||
version cannot be properly installed with the version that you have |
|
||||
installed already. (Consider, if there is ever a bug in the `update` |
|
||||
command.) |
|
||||
|
|
||||
In those cases, you can do this: |
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curl https://www.npmjs.com/install.sh | sh |
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|
|
||||
## What is a `package`? |
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A package is: |
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|
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* a) a folder containing a program described by a package.json file |
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* b) a gzipped tarball containing (a) |
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||||
* c) a url that resolves to (b) |
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||||
* d) a `<name>@<version>` that is published on the registry with (c) |
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* e) a `<name>@<tag>` that points to (d) |
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* f) a `<name>` that has a "latest" tag satisfying (e) |
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* g) a `git` url that, when cloned, results in (a). |
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|
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||||
Even if you never publish your package, you can still get a lot of |
|
||||
benefits of using npm if you just want to write a node program (a), and |
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perhaps if you also want to be able to easily install it elsewhere |
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after packing it up into a tarball (b). |
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|
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Git urls can be of the form: |
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git://github.com/user/project.git#commit-ish |
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git+ssh://user@hostname:project.git#commit-ish |
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git+http://user@hostname/project/blah.git#commit-ish |
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git+https://user@hostname/project/blah.git#commit-ish |
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The `commit-ish` can be any tag, sha, or branch which can be supplied as |
|
||||
an argument to `git checkout`. The default is `master`. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## What is a `module`? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
A module is anything that can be loaded with `require()` in a Node.js |
|
||||
program. The following things are all examples of things that can be |
|
||||
loaded as modules: |
|
||||
|
|
||||
* A folder with a `package.json` file containing a `main` field. |
|
||||
* A folder with an `index.js` file in it. |
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||||
* A JavaScript file. |
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|
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Most npm packages are modules, because they are libraries that you |
|
||||
load with `require`. However, there's no requirement that an npm |
|
||||
package be a module! Some only contain an executable command-line |
|
||||
interface, and don't provide a `main` field for use in Node programs. |
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||||
|
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||||
Almost all npm packages (at least, those that are Node programs) |
|
||||
*contain* many modules within them (because every file they load with |
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||||
`require()` is a module). |
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|
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In the context of a Node program, the `module` is also the thing that |
|
||||
was loaded *from* a file. For example, in the following program: |
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||||
var req = require('request') |
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||||
we might say that "The variable `req` refers to the `request` module". |
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||||
|
|
||||
## So, why is it the "`node_modules`" folder, but "`package.json`" file? Why not `node_packages` or `module.json`? |
|
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The `package.json` file defines the package. (See "What is a |
|
||||
package?" above.) |
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The `node_modules` folder is the place Node.js looks for modules. |
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||||
(See "What is a module?" above.) |
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For example, if you create a file at `node_modules/foo.js` and then |
|
||||
had a program that did `var f = require('foo.js')` then it would load |
|
||||
the module. However, `foo.js` is not a "package" in this case, |
|
||||
because it does not have a package.json. |
|
||||
|
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||||
Alternatively, if you create a package which does not have an |
|
||||
`index.js` or a `"main"` field in the `package.json` file, then it is |
|
||||
not a module. Even if it's installed in `node_modules`, it can't be |
|
||||
an argument to `require()`. |
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|
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## `"node_modules"` is the name of my deity's arch-rival, and a Forbidden Word in my religion. Can I configure npm to use a different folder? |
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No. This will never happen. This question comes up sometimes, |
|
||||
because it seems silly from the outside that npm couldn't just be |
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||||
configured to put stuff somewhere else, and then npm could load them |
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from there. It's an arbitrary spelling choice, right? What's the big |
|
||||
deal? |
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|
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||||
At the time of this writing, the string `'node_modules'` appears 151 |
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||||
times in 53 separate files in npm and node core (excluding tests and |
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||||
documentation). |
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|
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Some of these references are in node's built-in module loader. Since |
|
||||
npm is not involved **at all** at run-time, node itself would have to |
|
||||
be configured to know where you've decided to stick stuff. Complexity |
|
||||
hurdle #1. Since the Node module system is locked, this cannot be |
|
||||
changed, and is enough to kill this request. But I'll continue, in |
|
||||
deference to your deity's delicate feelings regarding spelling. |
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|
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Many of the others are in dependencies that npm uses, which are not |
|
||||
necessarily tightly coupled to npm (in the sense that they do not read |
|
||||
npm's configuration files, etc.) Each of these would have to be |
|
||||
configured to take the name of the `node_modules` folder as a |
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parameter. Complexity hurdle #2. |
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|
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Furthermore, npm has the ability to "bundle" dependencies by adding |
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||||
the dep names to the `"bundledDependencies"` list in package.json, |
|
||||
which causes the folder to be included in the package tarball. What |
|
||||
if the author of a module bundles its dependencies, and they use a |
|
||||
different spelling for `node_modules`? npm would have to rename the |
|
||||
folder at publish time, and then be smart enough to unpack it using |
|
||||
your locally configured name. Complexity hurdle #3. |
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|
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Furthermore, what happens when you *change* this name? Fine, it's |
|
||||
easy enough the first time, just rename the `node_modules` folders to |
|
||||
`./blergyblerp/` or whatever name you choose. But what about when you |
|
||||
change it again? npm doesn't currently track any state about past |
|
||||
configuration settings, so this would be rather difficult to do |
|
||||
properly. It would have to track every previous value for this |
|
||||
config, and always accept any of them, or else yesterday's install may |
|
||||
be broken tomorrow. Complexity hurdle #4. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
Never going to happen. The folder is named `node_modules`. It is |
|
||||
written indelibly in the Node Way, handed down from the ancient times |
|
||||
of Node 0.3. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## How do I install node with npm? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
You don't. Try one of these node version managers: |
|
||||
|
|
||||
Unix: |
|
||||
|
|
||||
* <http://github.com/isaacs/nave> |
|
||||
* <http://github.com/visionmedia/n> |
|
||||
* <http://github.com/creationix/nvm> |
|
||||
|
|
||||
Windows: |
|
||||
|
|
||||
* <http://github.com/marcelklehr/nodist> |
|
||||
* <https://github.com/coreybutler/nvm-windows> |
|
||||
* <https://github.com/hakobera/nvmw> |
|
||||
* <https://github.com/nanjingboy/nvmw> |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## How can I use npm for development? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
See `npm-developers(7)` and `package.json(5)`. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
You'll most likely want to `npm link` your development folder. That's |
|
||||
awesomely handy. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
To set up your own private registry, check out `npm-registry(7)`. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## Can I list a url as a dependency? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
Yes. It should be a url to a gzipped tarball containing a single folder |
|
||||
that has a package.json in its root, or a git url. |
|
||||
(See "what is a package?" above.) |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## How do I symlink to a dev folder so I don't have to keep re-installing? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
See `npm-link(1)` |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## The package registry website. What is that exactly? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
See `npm-registry(7)`. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## I forgot my password, and can't publish. How do I reset it? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
Go to <https://npmjs.com/forgot>. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## I get ECONNREFUSED a lot. What's up? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
Either the registry is down, or node's DNS isn't able to reach out. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
To check if the registry is down, open up |
|
||||
<https://registry.npmjs.org/> in a web browser. This will also tell |
|
||||
you if you are just unable to access the internet for some reason. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
If the registry IS down, let us know by emailing <support@npmjs.com> |
|
||||
or posting an issue at <https://github.com/npm/npm/issues>. If it's |
|
||||
down for the world (and not just on your local network) then we're |
|
||||
probably already being pinged about it. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
You can also often get a faster response by visiting the #npm channel |
|
||||
on Freenode IRC. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## Why no namespaces? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
npm has only one global namespace. If you want to namespace your own packages, |
|
||||
you may: simply use the `-` character to separate the names or use scoped |
|
||||
packages. npm is a mostly anarchic system. There is not sufficient need to |
|
||||
impose namespace rules on everyone. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
As of 2.0, npm supports scoped packages, which allow you to publish a group of |
|
||||
related modules without worrying about name collisions. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
Every npm user owns the scope associated with their username. For example, the |
|
||||
user named `npm` owns the scope `@npm`. Scoped packages are published inside a |
|
||||
scope by naming them as if they were files under the scope directory, e.g., by |
|
||||
setting `name` in `package.json` to `@npm/npm`. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
Scoped packages are supported by the public npm registry. The npm client is |
|
||||
backwards-compatible with un-scoped registries, so it can be used to work with |
|
||||
scoped and un-scoped registries at the same time. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
Unscoped packages can only depend on other unscoped packages. Scoped packages |
|
||||
can depend on packages from their own scope, a different scope, or the public |
|
||||
registry (unscoped). |
|
||||
|
|
||||
For the current documentation of scoped packages, see |
|
||||
<https://docs.npmjs.com/misc/scope> |
|
||||
|
|
||||
References: |
|
||||
|
|
||||
1. For the reasoning behind the "one global namespace", please see this |
|
||||
discussion: <https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/798> (TL;DR: It doesn't |
|
||||
actually make things better, and can make them worse.) |
|
||||
|
|
||||
2. For the pre-implementation discussion of the scoped package feature, see |
|
||||
this discussion: <https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/5239> |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## Who does npm? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
npm was originally written by Isaac Z. Schlueter, and many others have |
|
||||
contributed to it, some of them quite substantially. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
The npm open source project, The npm Registry, and [the community |
|
||||
website](https://www.npmjs.com) are maintained and operated by the |
|
||||
good folks at [npm, Inc.](http://www.npmjs.com) |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## I have a question or request not addressed here. Where should I put it? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
Post an issue on the github project: |
|
||||
|
|
||||
* <https://github.com/npm/npm/issues> |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## Why does npm hate me? |
|
||||
|
|
||||
npm is not capable of hatred. It loves everyone, especially you. |
|
||||
|
|
||||
## SEE ALSO |
|
||||
|
|
||||
* npm(1) |
|
||||
* npm-developers(7) |
|
||||
* package.json(5) |
|
||||
* npm-config(1) |
|
||||
* npm-config(7) |
|
||||
* npmrc(5) |
|
||||
* npm-config(7) |
|
||||
* npm-folders(5) |
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ |
|||||
|
<!doctype html> |
||||
|
<html> |
||||
|
<title>npm-install-test</title> |
||||
|
<meta http-equiv="content-type" value="text/html;utf-8"> |
||||
|
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../static/style.css"> |
||||
|
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.npmjs.org/doc/cli/npm-install-test.html"> |
||||
|
<script async=true src="../../static/toc.js"></script> |
||||
|
|
||||
|
<body> |
||||
|
<div id="wrapper"> |
||||
|
|
||||
|
<h1>npm <a href="../cli/install-test.html">install-test</a></h1> <p>Install package(s) and run tests</p> |
||||
|
<h2 id="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> |
||||
|
<pre><code>npm install-test (with no args, in package dir) |
||||
|
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name> |
||||
|
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name>@<tag> |
||||
|
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name>@<version> |
||||
|
npm install-test [<@scope>/]<name>@<version range> |
||||
|
npm install-test <tarball file> |
||||
|
npm install-test <tarball url> |
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|
npm install-test <folder> |
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|
|
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|
alias: npm it |
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|
common options: [--save|--save-dev|--save-optional] [--save-exact] [--dry-run] |
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|
</code></pre><h2 id="description">DESCRIPTION</h2> |
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|
<p>This command runs an <code>npm install</code> followed immediately by an <code>npm test</code>. It |
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|
takes exactly the same arguments as <code>npm install</code>.</p> |
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|
<h2 id="see-also">SEE ALSO</h2> |
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|
<ul> |
||||
|
<li><a href="../cli/npm-install.html">npm-install(1)</a></li> |
||||
|
<li><a href="../cli/npm-test.html">npm-test(1)</a></li> |
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|
</ul> |
||||
|
|
||||
|
</div> |
||||
|
|
||||
|
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 id=npmlogo> |
||||
|
<tr><td style="width:180px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=18> </td></tr> |
||||
|
<tr><td rowspan=4 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=4> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=4> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=4> </td><td rowspan=4 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td><td colspan=6 style="width:60px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=4> </td></tr> |
||||
|
<tr><td colspan=2 style="width:20px;height:30px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:20px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=4 colspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:20px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:20px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3 colspan=2> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=3> </td><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" rowspan=3> </td></tr> |
||||
|
<tr><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff" rowspan=2> </td></tr> |
||||
|
<tr><td style="width:10px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td></tr> |
||||
|
<tr><td style="width:60px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=6> </td><td colspan=10 style="width:10px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)"> </td></tr> |
||||
|
<tr><td colspan=5 style="width:50px;height:10px;background:#fff"> </td><td style="width:40px;height:10px;background:rgb(237,127,127)" colspan=4> </td><td style="width:90px;height:10px;background:#fff" colspan=9> </td></tr> |
||||
|
</table> |
||||
|
<p id="footer">npm-install-test — npm@3.5.4</p> |
||||
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