buffer: coerce slice parameters consistently

As shown in https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/9096, the offset and
end value of the `slice` call are coerced to numbers and then passed to
`FastBuffer`, which internally truncates the mantissa part if the number
is actually a floating point number. This actually affects the new
length of the slice calculation. For example,

    > const original = Buffer.from('abcd');
    undefined
    > original.slice(original.length / 3).toString()
    'bc'

This happens because, starting value of the slice is 4 / 3, which is
1.33 (approximately). Now, the length of the slice is calculated as
the difference between the actual length of the buffer and the starting
offset. So, it becomes 2.67 (4 - 1.33). Now, a new `FastBuffer` is
constructed, with the following values as parameters,

 1. actual buffer object,
 2. starting value, which is 1.33 and
 3. the length 2.67.

The underlying C++ code truncates the numbers and they become 1 and 2.
That is why the result is just `bc`.

This patch makes sure that all the offsets are coerced to integers
before any calculations are done.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/9096
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/9101
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Franziska Hinkelmann <franziska.hinkelmann@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Brian White <mscdex@mscdex.net>

lib/buffer.js

@@ -807,11 +807,10 @@ Buffer.prototype.toJSON = function() {
 
 
 function adjustOffset(offset, length) {
-  offset = +offset;
-  if (offset === 0 || Number.isNaN(offset)) {
+  offset |= 0;
+  if (offset === 0) {
     return 0;
-  }
-  if (offset < 0) {
+  } else if (offset < 0) {
     offset += length;
     return offset > 0 ? offset : 0;
   } else {

test/parallel/test-buffer-slice.js

@@ -62,3 +62,13 @@ assert.strictEqual(Buffer.alloc(0).slice(0, 1).length, 0);
 
 // slice(0,0).length === 0
 assert.strictEqual(0, Buffer.from('hello').slice(0, 0).length);
+
+{
+  // Regression tests for https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/9096
+  const buf = Buffer.from('abcd');
+  assert.strictEqual(buf.slice(buf.length / 3).toString(), 'bcd');
+  assert.strictEqual(
+    buf.slice(buf.length / 3, buf.length).toString(),
+    'bcd'
+  );
+}